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CN-122016576-A - Identification and analysis method for biological characteristics of schizothorax fish propagation in plateau region

CN122016576ACN 122016576 ACN122016576 ACN 122016576ACN-122016576-A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for identifying and analyzing the propagation biological characteristics of schizothorax fish in a plateau region. The analysis method for identifying the biological characteristics of the schizothorax fish in the plateau region comprises the following steps of S1, sample acquisition and basic data acquisition, S2, judgment of gonadal development stage and breeding period of fish, S3, establishment of accurate age identification and growth relation, S4, primary sexual maturity identification analysis, S5, timely determination of breeding season, S6, judgment of spawning type, S7, high-precision fish fertility measurement analysis, S8, association analysis of a fertility model and environmental factors, and S9, population breeding strategy and vulnerability assessment. The method for identifying and analyzing the biological characteristics of the schizothorax fish propagation in the plateau area has the advantages of realizing complete flow operation from sample processing to ecological assessment and solving the problems of scattered method, low data precision and disjoint with environmental factors in the prior art.

Inventors

  • LI HONGCHI
  • HAN HAOXIANG

Assignees

  • 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260129

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The method for identifying and analyzing the biological characteristics of schizothorax fish propagation in the plateau area is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, sample collection and basic data acquisition, namely, performing systematic sampling in a target water area according to quarters or months, covering a complete propagation period and different age groups, performing biological measurement on the collected samples, including body length, weight and sex identification, determining mature individuals, collecting scales or microotoliths for age identification, and taking out gonads for fixation; s2, judging gonadal development stage and reproduction period of fish, namely, accurately dividing development stages of ovaries and sperms according to oocyte time phases, egg yolk accumulation conditions and follicular cell states by manufacturing gonadal paraffin sections and staining, observing germ cell morphology by utilizing a microscope; s3, establishing a precise age identification and growth relation, namely reading annual rings by using a microscope or a microscopic imaging system, interpreting age data by at least two researchers, performing related growth analysis with body length and body weight, and establishing a Von Bertalanffy growth equation; S4, primary maturation identification analysis, namely determining the average primary maturation length and the average primary maturation age by adopting a logistic regression model based on the proportion of individuals with sexual maturation in the length section and the age section, wherein the formula is as follows: And Wherein, P is the proportion of sexually mature individuals, For the length of the body, A is the middle of the age range, k is a constant, For the average body length of the primary maturation, Mean age of primary maturation; s5, determining propagation seasons and periods, namely determining a propagation set middle period, a start period and an end period based on a annual change curve of a gonad maturation coefficient (GSI) and gonadal segmentation composition, wherein the gonadal maturation coefficient is calculated according to the formula: GSI=(GW/BW)×100% wherein GW is gonadal weight, BW is body weight, GSI is maturation coefficient; s6, judging the spawning type, namely measuring the diameter of eggs in ovaries from stage III to stage IV, drawing an egg diameter frequency distribution map, and judging the spawning type to be one-time or batch spawning; S7, high-precision fish fertility measurement and analysis, namely taking front, middle and rear three sections of tissues from a fixed ovary, weighing, automatically identifying and counting the number of eggs by utilizing image analysis software, and calculating the absolute fertility, relative fertility of body length, relative fertility of body mass, gonad maturation coefficient, fullness and contribution rate of individuals; S8, carrying out correlation analysis on the fertility model and environmental factors, namely collecting the environment data of the spawning ground in the reproductive period, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, flow rate and substrate type, carrying out power function regression analysis on absolute fertility, body length, weight and age, selecting a model with the highest decision coefficient as a prediction model, and analyzing the influence of environmental fluctuation on the fertility through a generalized linear model; And S9, evaluating the population propagation strategy and vulnerability, namely integrating the primary mature age, the fertility level, the spawning type and the egg diameter size, judging that the species belongs to an r-selection or K-selection strategy, constructing a population growth model, and evaluating the population vulnerability index.
  2. 2. The method for analyzing the biological characteristics of schizothorax fish propagation in the plateau region according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the biological measurement comprises the measurement accuracy of body length to millimeter, the measurement accuracy of body weight to gram, and the gonadal fixation adopts formalin or Bouin' S fixative.
  3. 3. The method for analyzing the biological characteristics of the propagation of schizothorax in the plateau region according to claim 1, wherein the division criteria of the gonadal development stage in S2 include: stage I, the gonad is in a linear structure, and is semitransparent or light in flesh color; stage II, wherein ovary is in fine line shape or flat band shape, egg grains are invisible, and spermary is fine line shape; Stage III, increasing the volume of ovaries, and enabling ovaries to be clear but adhered and enabling spermary to be round and rod-shaped; in stage IV, ovaries occupy most of the space of the abdominal cavity, egg grains are plump and easy to separate, and the spermary is milky white; Stage V, in which the egg grains are flowed and mature, and the egg or semen can flow out from the abdomen under light pressure; stage VI, ovarian atrophy with congestion, empty follicles and degenerated follicles.
  4. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, if the results of the interpretation are inconsistent, the third person arbitrates and determines the result.
  5. 5. The method for analyzing the biological characteristics of schizothorax in the plateau region according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the body length is divided into 10mm segments and the age is divided into 1 year segments.
  6. 6. The method for analyzing the biological characteristics of schizothorax in the plateau region according to claim 1, wherein in S7, The calculation formula of the absolute fertility of the individual is as follows: ; The calculation formula of the relative fertility of the body length is as follows: ; The calculation formula of the mass relative fertility is as follows: ; the calculation formula of the gonadal maturation coefficient is as follows: ; the calculation formula of the fullness is: ; the calculation formula of the contribution rate is as follows: ; In the formula, Number of gonadal eggs (grains) taken; quality (g) of gonadal taken; The quality (g) of fish ovaries is shown, and F is the individual fertility; average individual absolute fertility (grain/tail) for age group, L is individual length mm; the net mass g, N is the number of samples (tails) of the age group; the total fertility (grain) of the fish is the tested sample.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S7, the image analysis software counts eggs by using an automatic recognition technology, and each fish measures not less than 100 eggs.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S8, the environmental factor data is obtained by a sensor or an on-site measurement, and a generalized linear model is used to quantify the influence of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate on fertility.
  9. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein in S9, the population vulnerability assessment comprises calculating vulnerability indices based on K-selection characteristics for establishing protection classes and measures.

Description

Identification and analysis method for biological characteristics of schizothorax fish propagation in plateau region Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic fishery resource investigation and protection, in particular to a method for identifying and analyzing the biological characteristics of schizothorax fish propagation in a plateau region. Background The plateau area has unique environmental climate and a water temperature change mode which is obviously different from that of the plain area. Cold water fish living herein (such as schizothorax fish) have unique characteristics in terms of breeding biology compatible with them, and may exhibit specificity in terms of breeding period, spawning type (spring or autumn spawning, batch or disposable spawning), and the like. Therefore, the construction of a biological characteristic system identification and accurate quantitative analysis method system suitable for the cold water fish in the plateau area must break through the traditional research framework mainly aiming at plain warm water fish. At present, for the biological research of the propagation of schizothorax fish in the plateau region, the following defects are present: The method is scattered and lacks systematicness, the existing research is mostly an isolated link, such as researching fertility only or judging propagation period only, and a complete technical chain from sample acquisition to population evaluation cannot be formed, so that data is split, and a data island is formed. The key parameters are low in acquisition precision and high in subjectivity, for example, age identification depends on personnel experience, egg grain counting adopts a traditional manual method, and the method is low in efficiency and easy to make mistakes. The method is disjointed with environmental factors, the traditional method often neglects the profound influence of special environmental stress (such as low temperature, strong radiation and hydrologic change) on fish reproduction, and the research result is difficult to be directly applied to resource protection practice due to the fact that the environmental data and biological characteristics cannot be quantitatively associated. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method for identifying and analyzing the biological characteristics of schizothorax fish propagation in the plateau region to solve the technical problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention solves the technical problem of providing the method for identifying and analyzing the biological characteristics of the propagation of the schizothorax fish in the plateau region, which can realize complete flow operation from sample processing to ecological assessment and solve the problems of scattered methods, low data precision and disjoint with environmental factors in the prior art. In order to solve the technical problems, the method for identifying and analyzing the biological characteristics of the propagation of the schizothorax in the plateau region comprises the following steps: S1, sample collection and basic data acquisition, namely, performing systematic sampling in a target water area according to quarters or months, covering a complete propagation period and different age groups, performing biological measurement on the collected samples, including body length, weight and sex identification, determining mature individuals, collecting scales or microotoliths for age identification, and taking out gonads for fixation; s2, judging gonadal development stage and reproduction period of fish, namely, accurately dividing development stages of ovaries and sperms according to oocyte time phases, egg yolk accumulation conditions and follicular cell states by manufacturing gonadal paraffin sections and staining, observing germ cell morphology by utilizing a microscope; s3, establishing a precise age identification and growth relation, namely reading annual rings by using a microscope or a microscopic imaging system, interpreting age data by at least two researchers, performing related growth analysis with body length and body weight, and establishing a Von Bertalanffy growth equation; S4, primary maturation identification analysis, namely determining the average primary maturation length and the average primary maturation age by adopting a logistic regression model based on the proportion of individuals with sexual maturation in the length section and the age section, wherein the formula is as follows: And Wherein, P is the proportion of sexually mature individuals,For the length of the body, A is the middle of the age range, k is a constant,For the average body length of the primary maturation,Mean age of primary maturation; s5, determining propagation seasons and periods, namely determining a propagation set middle period, a start period and an end period based on a annual change curve of a gonad maturation coefficient (GSI) and gonadal segmentation composition,