CN-122016670-A - Handheld multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decision

CN122016670ACN 122016670 ACN122016670 ACN 122016670ACN-122016670-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a handheld multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decisions, wherein a supporting part inserted into soil is fixed at the bottom of a handheld central part, an electrode installation module and a spectrum detection mechanism are installed at two sides of the bottom of the supporting part, a penetrating conductivity detection assembly is fixed at the lower end of the supporting part, a capacitance information processing module is installed at the middle lower part of the supporting part, a pressure sensor is fixed in an opening at the lower part of a shell of the handheld central part, the pressure sensor is positioned between a top connecting piece and a stressed contact surface of the handheld central part, and in the process of penetrating the supporting part into the soil, a singlechip is combined with depth information provided by a laser ranging module, the numerical value measured by the pressure sensor is directly used as comprehensive penetrating resistance, and the soil firmness is represented by the numerical value of the pressure sensor. The invention integrates four sensing mechanisms of spectrum, capacitance, conductance and pressure, and the soil firmness prediction model eliminates clutters from multiple dimensions, thereby ensuring the confidence level.

Inventors

HE XIANTAO
WU YINGXUAN
YANG LI
ZHANG DONGXING
CUI TAO
ZHANG KAILIANG
LI HAOMING
LIU ZHIHAO

Assignees

中国农业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260127

Claims (10)

1. The handheld multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decisions is characterized by comprising a handheld central part (1), handheld rods (2), a support part (3), a capacitance information processing module (4), an electrode installation module (5), a penetrating type conductivity detection component (6) and a spectrum detection mechanism (7), wherein the two handheld rods (2) are fixed on two sides of the handheld central part (1), the support part (3) inserted into soil is fixed on the bottom of the handheld central part (1), the electrode installation module (5) and the spectrum detection mechanism (7) are installed on two sides of the bottom of the support part (3), the penetrating type conductivity detection component (6) is fixed on the lower end of the support part (3), and the capacitance information processing module (4) is installed on the middle lower part of the support part (3); The supporting part (3) comprises a middle supporting rod (301), a top connecting piece (302) and a bottom connecting piece (303), wherein the top connecting piece (302), the middle supporting rod (301) and the bottom connecting piece (303) are sequentially fixed from top to bottom, the top connecting piece (302) penetrates through a through hole in the middle of the pressure sensor (8) and is fixed through a fastening nut (107), the pressure sensor (8) is fixed in an opening at the lower part of the shell (101) of the handheld central part (1), the pressure sensor (8) is positioned between the top connecting piece (302) and a stressed contact surface of the handheld central part (1), and in the process of penetrating the supporting part (3) into soil, the singlechip is combined with depth information provided by the laser ranging module, the numerical value measured by the pressure sensor (8) is directly used as comprehensive penetrating resistance, and the soil firmness is represented by the numerical value of the pressure sensor; A singlechip (106) is arranged in the shell (101), a laser ranging module (108) is arranged at the bottom of the shell (101), and the probe orientation of the laser ranging module (108) is parallel to the supporting part (3), so that the laser ranging module (108) with a depth setting function is vertically and downwards aligned to the soil surface.
2. The hand-held multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decisions according to claim 1, wherein the hand-held rod (2) comprises a right hand-held rod (201) and a left hand-held rod (202), the right hand-held rod (201) and the left hand-held rod (202) respectively penetrate through preset holes on two sides of a shell (101) of the hand-held central part (1), and the right hand-held rod (201) and the left hand-held rod (202) are fixedly connected with the shell (101) through high-strength thread structures.
3. A hand-held multi-depth soil parameter sensing device for seeding decisions according to claim 1, characterised in that the spectrum sensing means (7) is arranged in a single opening in the side of the bottom of the support part (3).
4. A hand-held multi-depth soil parameter detection device for seeding decisions according to claim 3, characterized in that the spectrum detection mechanism (7) comprises a spectrum mounting housing (701), a spectrum sensor module (702) and an optical lens (703), wherein the front end of the spectrum mounting housing (701) is designed with an inner chamfer of 45 ° facing downwards, and a normal component force can be generated during penetration to forcedly flatten and compact soil particles of the contact surface on the surface of the optical lens (703).
5. The handheld multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decisions according to claim 1, wherein the electrode mounting module (5) comprises an electrode mounting shell (501) and an electrode plate (502), the electrode plate (502) is mounted in the electrode mounting shell (501), the capacitance information processing module comprises a capacitance processor mounting shell (401) and a capacitance processor (402), the capacitance processor (402) is connected with the electrode plate (502), the electrode plate (502) is mounted in the capacitance processor mounting shell (401), an equipotential active shielding layer is arranged between the capacitance processor (402) and the capacitance processor mounting shell (401), and the electrode plate (502) is connected with the capacitance processor (402).
6. The hand-held multi-depth soil parameter testing device for seeding decisions according to claim 5, wherein the equipotential active shielding layer is 2mm wider than the capacitive processor (402) in four directions, and the two are isolated by an FR-4 insulating substrate with a thickness of 1.6mm, forcing the capacitive fringe field lines to diverge only to one side of the soil.
7. The hand-held multi-depth soil parameter testing device for seeding decisions according to claim 1, wherein the penetrating conductivity testing assembly (6) comprises a tail conductor (601), a middle insulator (602) and a head conductor (603), the tail conductor (601) and the head conductor (603) are respectively screwed with the middle insulator (602) from the outer side and the inner side, and the head conductor (603) is first penetrated into the soil.
8. The hand-held multi-depth soil parameter testing device for seeding decisions according to claim 1, wherein a soil firmness prediction model used in a single chip microcomputer identifies and counteracts the interference of porosity variation, the soil firmness prediction model is established as follows: Firstly, sample preparation and soil information acquisition, namely selecting soil samples with different textures, preparing soil samples with different water content gradients, and simultaneously acquiring four kinds of original data including spectrum, capacitance, conductance and pressure by using the device; measuring the real physical and chemical values of the soil, namely measuring the water content by adopting a drying method, the organic matter content by adopting a potassium dichromate method, and the volume weight by adopting a cutting ring method, and measuring the real physical and chemical indexes of the soil; Dividing a signal source influencing inversion of physical and chemical properties of soil into a static environment factor and a dynamic sensing factor, and constructing a high-dimensional input vector; And fourthly, effective contact state gating based on a quantization discrimination rule, wherein the singlechip 106 marks a data frame at the current moment as an effective sample and stores the effective sample into a cache only when a specific quantization discrimination rule is met, and the quantization discrimination rule comprises three rules, namely a rule one pressure coupling threshold rule, a rule two penetration stability rule and a rule three-depth-logic check rule, wherein the rule one pressure coupling threshold rule is a rule two penetration stability rule and the rule three-depth-logic check rule are a rule three-depth-logic check rule: Rule one, pressure coupling threshold rule, refers to monitoring the real-time readings of pressure sensor 8 Setting an effective coupling pressure threshold When (1) When the probe is judged to be in a suspended, incompletely compacted or macroporous state, and the spectrum and capacitance data at the moment have a great air medium error, and the system automatically discards the data frame; The second rule and the penetration stability rule are to calculate the pressure change rate in unit time When (1) When the impact threshold value exceeds the preset impact threshold value, judging that the device is in an unsteady deformation period of violent impact or collision with stone hard objects, and suspending data recording until the change rate returns to a stable interval so as to eliminate nonlinear interference of dynamic shear deformation on soil dielectric constant measurement; Rule three, depth-logic verification rule is the real-time depth obtained in combination with the laser ranging module (108) And only when Is monotonically increasing and increasing in variation Within a reasonable step size range Triggering sampling to prevent the user from repeatedly recording the same depth data when the probe is pulled back; fifthly, constructing a soil parameter multidimensional decoupling model based on pressure constraint: Constructing a training data set, dividing the effective data frame screened in the fourth step into a training set and a verification set, setting the dividing ratio to be 70% of the training set and 30% of the verification set by referring to related field standards, wherein the positive sample judging method comprises the following steps of judging whether the data points are satisfied, the label value is a true value measured by a laboratory standard method, and the input layer dimension is Comprises spectral characteristic principal component Normalized value of capacitance Pressure value Conductivity of Depth and depth ; The quantitative discrimination rules are as follows: < ; And step six, real-time calculation is carried out on the region to be measured by using the model which is completed through training, wherein the upper computer mobile terminal receives the original data packet uploaded by the singlechip, inputs the decoupling model in real time and outputs the equivalent standard volume weight water content after pressure correction.
9. The hand-held multi-depth soil parameter detection device for seeding decision according to claim 8, wherein in step six, classification criteria are outputted, the classification criteria are divided into 5 classes of soil parameters obtained by inversion, namely, extremely low <10%, low 10% -15%, medium 15% -20%, high 20% -25%, extremely high >25%.
10. The hand-held multi-depth soil parameter sensing device for seed decision of claim 8, wherein in step three, the static environmental factor The method comprises the steps of obtaining geographic space information and preset parameters through an upper computer mobile terminal, wherein the geographic space information and preset parameters comprise GNSS longitude and latitude coordinates, soil texture types of current measuring points, user preset or obtained through a cloud map, historical basic volume weight range, such factors as boundary constraint conditions of a model, dynamic sensing factors, and the like The device is characterized in that a high-frequency response signal acquired in real time during the process of penetrating into soil is used for dynamically sensing factors The coupling characteristics are respectively electromagnetic response characteristics, mechanical response characteristics and electrochemical response characteristics; wherein the electromagnetic response characteristics include a spectrum acquired by a spectrum sensor module (702) Band reflectivity data, and dielectric constant voltage signal outputted from the capacitance information processing module (4) The mechanical response is characterized in that the penetration resistance value fed back in real time by the pressure sensor (8) Rate of resistance change ; Electrochemical response characteristics soil conductivity signal acquired by penetrating conductivity detection assembly (6) 。

Description

Handheld multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decision Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of equipment for analyzing soil components, and particularly relates to a handheld multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decisions. Background Soil is the basis of crop growth, and with the development of fine agriculture and soil carbon fixation technology, the monitoring demand for the physicochemical properties of soil is increasing. The soil moisture and nutrient distribution directly determines the growth state and yield of crops, so that the in-situ soil multi-parameter information is rapidly and accurately obtained, and the method has important significance for guiding scientific irrigation and fertilization, evaluating soil health and improving crop yield. However, the current soil detection technology faces the sharp contradiction of "single point high precision and difficult multi-parameter integration" and "lack of space-time dimension of data". Firstly, the existing handheld detection equipment is multifunctional and single, or the sensors are combined through simple physical piecing, so that obvious technical bottlenecks such as electromagnetic interference (EMC) problems among sensor signals, structural contradiction between an optical path structure and probe strength and contact coupling problems of in-situ measurement exist. Second, more critical is that conventional portable detectors typically provide only instantaneous readings, lack data identification and screening capabilities, typically only record, and generate a significant amount of error. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems existing in the background technology, the invention provides a handheld multi-depth soil parameter detection device for sowing decisions, which comprises a handheld central part, handheld rods, a supporting part, a capacitance information processing module, an electrode installation module, a penetrating type conductivity detection component and a spectrum detection mechanism, wherein the two handheld rods are fixed on two sides of the handheld central part, the supporting part inserted into soil is fixed on the bottom of the handheld central part, the electrode installation module and the spectrum detection mechanism are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the supporting part, and the penetrating type conductivity detection component is fixed on the lower end of the supporting part; The supporting part comprises a middle supporting rod, a top connecting piece and a bottom connecting piece, wherein the top connecting piece, the middle supporting rod and the bottom connecting piece are sequentially fixed from top to bottom, the top connecting piece passes through a through hole in the middle of the pressure sensor and is fixed through a fastening nut, the pressure sensor is fixed in an opening at the lower part of a shell of the hand-held central part, the pressure sensor is positioned between the top connecting piece and a stressed contact surface of the hand-held central part, and in the process of penetrating the supporting part into soil, a singlechip combines depth information provided by a laser ranging module, the numerical value measured by the pressure sensor is directly used as comprehensive penetrating resistance, and the numerical value of the pressure sensor is used for representing the firmness of the soil; The bottom of the shell is provided with a laser ranging module, and the probe orientation of the laser ranging module is parallel to the supporting part, so that the laser ranging module with the depth setting function is vertically and downwards aligned to the soil surface. The hand-held rod comprises a right hand-held rod and a left hand-held rod, wherein the right hand-held rod and the left hand-held rod respectively penetrate through preset holes on two sides of a shell of the hand-held central part, and the right hand-held rod and the left hand-held rod are connected and fixed with the shell through high-strength thread structures. The spectrum detecting mechanism is arranged in a single opening at one side of the bottom of the supporting part. The spectrum detection mechanism comprises a spectrum installation shell, a spectrum sensor module and an optical lens, wherein the front end of the spectrum installation shell is provided with a 45-degree inner chamfer angle facing downwards, and can generate normal component force in the penetrating process to forcedly flatten and compact soil particles on the contact surface on the surface of the optical lens. The electrode mounting module comprises an electrode mounting shell and an electrode plate, wherein the electrode plate is mounted in the electrode mounting shell, the capacitance information processing module comprises a capacitance processor mounting shell and a capacitance processor, the capacitance processor is connected with the electrode plate, the electrode plate is mou