CN-122016920-A - Device and method for accurately predicting heat insulation performance of thermal protection material in arc wind tunnel environment

CN122016920ACN 122016920 ACN122016920 ACN 122016920ACN-122016920-A

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for accurately predicting heat insulation performance of a heat protection material under an arc wind tunnel environment, wherein the device comprises an arc wind tunnel and a near one-dimensional heat insulation test device, the arc wind tunnel is used for simulating a real flight environment to heat a test piece, the near one-dimensional heat insulation test device comprises a water cooling tool, a test piece, a back-shaped metal backboard, high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel, a low-emissivity film and a groove-shaped heat insulation aerogel, the surface of the test piece obtains the surface temperature through non-contact temperature measurement, temperature sensors are arranged at the center positions of the back-shaped metal backboard and the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel, temperature data under the near one-dimensional heat insulation condition are obtained, and equivalent heat conductivity of the heat protection material under the current load is obtained through back temperature data identification. By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the technical problems that the actual flight environment cannot be simulated in the existing heating mode, the test scheme leaks heat, and accurate and reliable heat insulation performance data cannot be obtained are solved.

Inventors

XU SHENG
CHU XIANYING
CHEN XIAONA
MA YINWEI
SONG YUEE
WU DONGTAO
Zhong Bofeng

Assignees

空天科技发展(河北雄安)有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20251231

Claims (8)

1. The device for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the thermal protection material in the arc wind tunnel environment is characterized by comprising the following components: The arc wind tunnel is used for simulating a real flight environment to heat the test piece; The near one-dimensional heat insulation test device is used for acquiring accurate temperature data, acquiring equivalent heat conductivity of a heat protection material under the current load through temperature data reverse identification, and finishing accurate prediction of heat insulation performance of the heat protection material under an arc wind tunnel environment, and comprises a water cooling tool (5), a test piece (1), a reverse-shaped metal backboard (2), a low-emissivity film (33) of high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel (3) and a groove-type heat insulation aerogel (41), wherein the water cooling tool (5) is arranged on the outer layer of the near one-dimensional heat insulation test device, the test piece (1), the reverse-shaped metal backboard (2), the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel (3), the low-emissivity film (33) and the groove-type heat insulation aerogel (41) are sequentially arranged in an inner layer from a hot surface to a cold surface, the reverse-shaped metal backboard (2) comprises a plurality of metal rings (21), and each metal ring (21) is filled with the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel or flexible material in the middle, a groove (32 a) is processed at the upper layer position of the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel (3), and a through hole (32 b) is processed at the center position for arranging a temperature sensor at the center line, and the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel (3) is adhered to the low-emissivity film (33); The surface of the test piece obtains the surface temperature through non-contact temperature measurement, a temperature sensor is arranged at the center position of a center ring of the metal backboard (2) in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui' and the center position of the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel (3), temperature data under the condition that the center is nearly one-dimensional and adiabatic is obtained, and equivalent heat conductivity of the heat protection material under the current load is obtained through back temperature data reverse identification.
2. The device for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the heat protection material under the arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 1, wherein for the in-plane heat conduction type heat protection material test piece, a heat conduction layer (11) with high heat conduction is arranged in a heating uniform area, the influence of an edge water cooling tool on the center temperature is restrained, the heat conduction layer (11) is arranged in the test piece (1), and the rest area is the traditional heat protection material (12).
3. The device for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the heat protection material under the arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that the distance between the square-shaped metal backboard (2) and the water cooling tool (5) is larger than or equal to 20mm, an aerogel heat insulation pad (24) is adopted between the square-shaped metal backboard (2) and the water cooling tool (5) for heat insulation, a ring metal plate (22) is further arranged on the outermost side of the square-shaped metal backboard (2) far away from a test piece, and the influence of downward heat transfer of an edge non-heat conduction area on the temperature of a central area is reduced.
4. The device for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the heat protection material under the arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 3, wherein a ring metal frame (31) is arranged in the outer side area of the efficient heat insulation aerogel (3), the inner circular surface of the metal frame (31) and the outer side surface of the metal back plate (2) in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui' are arranged at intervals, the thicknesses of the two directions in the outer contour surface of the metal frame (31) are inconsistent, the width of the metal frame in the wind tunnel air flow direction is 15mm, and the width of the metal frame perpendicular to the air flow direction is 5mm.
5. The device for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of a thermal protection material in an arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 4, wherein the size of the low emissivity film (33) is the same as that of the back metal backboard (2).
6. The device for accurately predicting heat insulation performance in an arc wind tunnel environment of a heat protection material according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the groove type heat insulation aerogel (41) is provided with grooves (41 a), and the inner outline of the grooves (41 a) of the groove type heat insulation aerogel (41) is identical to the inner outline of the grooves (32 a) of the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel (3).
7. The method for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the heat protection material in the arc wind tunnel environment is characterized in that the device for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the heat protection material in the arc wind tunnel environment is used for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the heat protection material in the arc wind tunnel environment according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The method for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the heat protection material in the arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 7 is characterized by comprising the steps of simulating a real flight environment by utilizing an arc wind tunnel to heat a test piece, constructing a near one-dimensional heat insulation test device of the test piece, acquiring the surface temperature of the test piece through non-contact temperature measurement, arranging temperature sensors at the center ring of a zigzag metal backboard and the center position of high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel, acquiring temperature data under the near one-dimensional heat insulation condition of the center, and acquiring the equivalent heat conductivity of the heat protection material under the current load through reverse identification of back temperature data.

Description

Device and method for accurately predicting heat insulation performance of thermal protection material in arc wind tunnel environment Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of heat insulation performance test of heat protection materials, in particular to a device and a method for accurately predicting heat insulation performance of a heat protection material under an arc wind tunnel environment. Background The fiber reinforced aerogel heat insulation material is widely applied to the heat insulation field of aerospace vehicles such as satellites, and the material has the characteristics of high-efficiency heat insulation performance outside the plane and high in-plane heat conductivity. In particular, the novel efficient heat insulation material with in-plane heat conduction is added, the in-plane heat conductivity and the out-of-plane heat conductivity of the novel efficient heat insulation material are greatly different (the heat conductivity of the in-plane heat conduction material is 10 2W.m-1.K-1), and accurate and reliable heat insulation performance data is the key of the design of a heat protection scheme. The convection heating mode of the arc wind tunnel test is close to that of a flight test, but the wind tunnel test piece is small in size, the test piece is placed in the water cooling tool, and the heat dissipation of heat passing through the water cooling tool can be aggravated due to the out-of-plane high-efficiency heat insulation/in-plane high-conductivity characteristic, so that the traditional wind tunnel test scheme cannot accurately represent the heat insulation performance. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a device and a method for accurately predicting heat insulation performance of a thermal protection material under an arc wind tunnel environment, which can solve the technical problems that the existing heating mode can not simulate a real flight environment, a test scheme leaks heat, and accurate and reliable heat insulation performance data can not be obtained. According to one aspect of the invention, the device for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of the thermal protection material in the arc wind tunnel environment comprises an arc wind tunnel, a heat insulation device and a heat insulation device, wherein the arc wind tunnel is used for simulating a real flight environment to heat a test piece; the near one-dimensional heat insulation test device is used for acquiring accurate temperature data, acquiring equivalent heat conductivity of a heat protection material under the current load through temperature data reverse identification, finishing accurate prediction of heat insulation performance of the heat protection material under an arc wind tunnel environment, wherein the near one-dimensional heat insulation test device comprises a water cooling tool, a test piece, a back-shaped metal backboard, high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel, a low-emissivity film and a groove type heat insulation aerogel, the water cooling tool is arranged on the outer layer of the near one-dimensional heat insulation test device, the test piece, the back-shaped metal backboard, the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel, the low-emissivity film and the groove type heat insulation aerogel are sequentially arranged on the inner layer from a hot surface to a cold surface, the back-shaped metal backboard comprises a plurality of metal rings, a through hole is formed in the middle of each metal ring and used for arranging a temperature sensor at the bottom of the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel, the surface of the test piece acquires surface temperature through non-contact, the temperature sensor is arranged at the center position of the back-shaped metal backboard, the temperature sensor is arranged at the center position of the high-efficiency heat insulation aerogel, the center is arranged at the center position of the back-shaped metal backboard, and the temperature data is acquired under the current heat insulation condition through temperature data reverse identification, and the equivalent heat insulation performance of the heat protection material is filled at the current heat insulation heat conductivity. Further, for the in-plane heat conduction type heat protection material test piece, high heat conduction is arranged in the heating uniform area, the heat conduction is uniformly arranged in the test piece, the other areas are the traditional heat protection materials, and the influence of the edge water cooling tool on the center temperature is restrained. Further, the distance between the back-shaped metal backboard and the water cooling tool is larger than or equal to 20mm, and an aerogel heat insulation pad is adopted between the back-shaped metal backboard and the water cooling tool for heat insulation; and a ring of metal plate is arranged on the outermost side of the metal backboard in the shape of the Chinese character