CN-122017283-A - High-sensitivity wind speed sensor, wind speed measuring method and preparation method

CN122017283ACN 122017283 ACN122017283 ACN 122017283ACN-122017283-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-sensitivity wind speed sensor, a wind speed measuring method and a manufacturing method, wherein the high-sensitivity wind speed sensor comprises a broadband light source, a first circulator, a first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, a second circulator, a second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity and a spectrometer, the output end of the broadband light source is connected with the first port of the first circulator, the second port of the first circulator is connected with the input end of the first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, the third port of the first circulator is connected with the first port of the second circulator, the second port of the second circulator is connected with the input end of the second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, and the third port of the second circulator is connected with the input end of the spectrometer. The high-sensitivity wind speed sensor has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, good environmental adaptability and high sensitivity.

Inventors

JI WANTING
HUANG QUANDONG
DONG XINYONG

Assignees

广东工业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260225

Claims (10)

1. A high-sensitivity wind speed sensor is characterized by comprising a broadband light source, a first circulator, a first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, a second circulator, a second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity and a spectrometer, wherein, The broadband light source comprises a broadband light source, a first circulator, a second circulator, a third circulator, a second port, a third port and a third port, wherein the broadband light source is connected with the first port of the first circulator, the second port of the first circulator is connected with the input end of the first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, the third port of the first circulator is connected with the first port of the second circulator, the second port of the second circulator is connected with the input end of the second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, and the third port of the second circulator is connected with the input end of the spectrometer.
2. The high sensitivity wind speed sensor of claim 1, wherein the first and second fiber optic fabry-perot interferometric cavities are both fiber optic endface thin film fabry-perot cavities.
3. The high-sensitivity wind speed sensor according to claim 2, wherein the polymer film cavity is directly manufactured on the end face of the single-mode fiber by adopting a two-photon polymerization three-dimensional printing technology, so that the fiber end face film type fabry-perot cavity is obtained.
4. The high-sensitivity wind speed sensor according to claim 3, wherein the first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is provided with a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface, the second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is provided with a third reflecting surface and a fourth reflecting surface, the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface have a first reflectivity, the third reflecting surface and the fourth reflecting surface have a second reflectivity, and the value range of the first reflectivity and the second reflectivity is 0.01-0.1.
5. The high sensitivity wind speed sensor according to claim 4, wherein the film of the second reflecting surface has a first effective radius and a first thickness, the film of the fourth reflecting surface has a second effective radius and a second thickness, wherein the values of the first effective radius and the second effective radius are respectively 50-150 micrometers, and the values of the first thickness and the second thickness are respectively 30-200 micrometers.
6. The high sensitivity wind speed sensor according to claim 5, wherein the initial optical cavity length of the first optical fiber fabry-perot interference cavity is not equal to the initial optical cavity length of the second optical fiber fabry-perot interference cavity, and the respective value ranges from 100 micrometers to 600 micrometers.
7. The high sensitivity wind speed sensor according to claim 6, wherein the output spectral range of the broadband light source covers 1250nm to 1650nm.
8. The high sensitivity wind speed sensor according to claim 7, wherein the broadband light source, the first circulator, the first fiber optic fabry-perot interference cavity, the second circulator, the second fiber optic fabry-perot interference cavity and the spectrometer are all connected by a single mode fiber and a fiber optic connector.
9. A wind speed measurement method for a high sensitivity wind speed sensor according to any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of: s1, placing a first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity in a wind speed environment to be measured to serve as a sensing cavity, and placing a second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity in a constant windless environment to serve as a reference cavity; S2, starting a broadband light source, transmitting broadband light emitted by the broadband light source to the first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity through a first circulator, and enabling the broadband light incident to the first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity to generate first multi-beam interference and form a first interference signal; S3, broadband light incident to the second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is subjected to second multi-beam interference to form a second interference signal, and reflected light of the second interference signal is transmitted to a spectrometer through the second circulator to form a composite interference spectrum obtained by superposition of the first interference signal and the second interference signal; And S4, monitoring the wavelength drift amount of the composite interference spectrum through a spectrometer, and calculating according to a preset calibration relation to obtain a wind speed value.
10. A method of manufacturing a high sensitivity wind speed sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

Description

High-sensitivity wind speed sensor, wind speed measuring method and preparation method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing and wind speed measurement, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity wind speed sensor, a wind speed measurement method and a preparation method. Background Accurate wind speed measurement is important in the fields of meteorological monitoring, aerospace, wind power generation, environmental engineering, industrial safety and the like. Although the traditional wind speed sensor such as a hot wire anemometer has high response speed, the electric sensing principle of the traditional wind speed sensor leads to the fact that the traditional wind speed sensor is easy to be subjected to electromagnetic interference, the reliability of the traditional wind speed sensor in high temperature, high humidity or corrosive severe environments is obviously reduced, and the application range of the traditional wind speed sensor is limited. The wind speed sensor based on the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer utilizes the optical interference principle to measure, has the advantages of being intrinsically anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion-resistant, suitable for remote monitoring and the like, and provides a new solution for wind speed measurement in severe environments. Such sensors typically effect sensing by modulating the interference spectrum by varying the cavity length of the interference cavity caused by wind velocity. However, the optical sensitivity (i.e., the amount of spectral shift caused by a change in unit wind speed) of a single fabry-perot interferometer wind speed sensor is directly limited by the inherent optical response of a single cavity. This means that for small wind speed changes, the spectrum drift signal caused by the small wind speed changes is very weak and is very easy to be submerged by system noise, so that the measurement sensitivity is limited, the resolution is insufficient, and the harsh requirements of high-precision and high-stability application scenes (such as boundary layer wind field research and precise industrial air flow control) are difficult to meet. Therefore, on the basis of keeping the inherent advantages of the optical fiber sensor, the sensitivity bottleneck of the single interference cavity is broken through, and a novel sensing structure and method capable of remarkably amplifying weak optical signals caused by wind speed are developed, so that the optical fiber sensor has important practical application value. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-sensitivity wind speed sensor which has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, good environmental adaptability and high sensitivity. A second object of the present invention is to provide a wind speed measuring method of a high-sensitivity wind speed sensor. The third object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the high-sensitivity wind speed sensor. The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: A high-sensitivity wind speed sensor comprises a broadband light source, a first circulator, a first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, a second circulator, a second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity and a spectrometer, The broadband light source comprises a broadband light source, a first circulator, a second circulator, a third circulator, a second port, a third port and a third port, wherein the broadband light source is connected with the first port of the first circulator, the second port of the first circulator is connected with the input end of the first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, the third port of the first circulator is connected with the first port of the second circulator, the second port of the second circulator is connected with the input end of the second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, and the third port of the second circulator is connected with the input end of the spectrometer. Preferably, the first optical fiber fabry-perot interference cavity and the second optical fiber fabry-perot interference cavity are optical fiber end face film type fabry-perot cavities. Preferably, a polymer film cavity is directly manufactured on the end face of a single-mode fiber by adopting a two-photon polymerization three-dimensional printing technology, so that the fiber end face film type Fabry-Perot cavity is obtained. Preferably, a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface are arranged on the first optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, a third reflecting surface and a fourth reflecting surface are arranged on the second optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface have first reflectivity, the third reflecting surface and the fourth reflecting surface have second re