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CN-122017371-A - Phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method integrating genetic algorithm and rotation vector

CN122017371ACN 122017371 ACN122017371 ACN 122017371ACN-122017371-A

Abstract

The invention particularly discloses a phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method integrating a genetic algorithm and a rotation vector, and relates to the technical field of antenna calibration. The method comprises the steps of S1, collecting amplitude-phase response of each unit of a phased array antenna in a non-covered and covered state to obtain a phase distortion matrix, S2, constructing an electromagnetic disturbance model, establishing a functional relation between phase distortion and space coordinates, S3, constructing an array response model based on a rotation vector, expressing excitation weights of each unit in a complex form, S4, performing global optimization by adopting a genetic algorithm, S5, decoding an optimal individual into amplitude-phase excitation values of each channel, outputting optimal amplitude-phase parameters, S6, retesting a directional diagram, and evaluating zero depth recovery conditions and main lobe offset. The invention combines the advantages of genetic algorithm and rotation vector method, has small beam pointing error and high convergence speed, can realize multi-frequency point, multi-polarization and full-wave-position automatic test, and has remarkable strategy and economic benefits.

Inventors

  • GUO CHENGJUN

Assignees

  • 电子科技大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260224

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method integrating a genetic algorithm and a rotation vector is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: s1, acquiring amplitude-phase response of each unit of the phased array antenna in a non-covering and covering state to obtain a phase distortion matrix; s2, constructing an electromagnetic disturbance model according to the acquired amplitude and phase data, and establishing a functional relation between phase distortion and space coordinates; S3, constructing an array response model based on a rotation vector, and expressing excitation of each antenna unit as a vector on a complex plane; s4, constructing a genetic algorithm for global optimization, wherein the genetic algorithm takes beam pointing error minimization as a core target, designs a fitness function by combining directional diagram fidelity and side lobe level, and calculates a trigonometric function item in the fitness function by using a rotation vector method; s5, decoding the optimal individual into amplitude-phase excitation values of all channels, and outputting optimal amplitude-phase parameters; And S6, retesting the pattern, evaluating zero depth recovery condition and main lobe offset, verifying compensation effect and optimizing through a closed loop feedback mechanism.
  2. 2. The method for phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation with fusion of genetic algorithm and rotation vector according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the phase aberration matrix formula is as follows: ; Wherein, the In the form of a phase aberration matrix, The phase distortion value of the ith row and jth column unit is i and j are integers.
  3. 3. The method for phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation incorporating a genetic algorithm and a rotation vector according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the phase distortion is as follows as a function of space coordinates: ; Wherein, the 、 、 、 、 In order to fit the coefficients of the coefficients, As the coordinates of the units of the system, Is a wave number vector.
  4. 4. A phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method with integrated genetic algorithm and rotation vector as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S3, the rotation vector array response model comprises the combined effects of radome distortion, cell mutual coupling and temperature drift, and the kth antenna element is in direction by calibration data fitting The following rotation vector response is: ; Wherein, the In the direction for the kth antenna element The rotation vector response of the lower part is that, Is the first The amplitude of the excitation of the individual cells, Is the first The original phase of the individual cells is then, For the phase distortion caused by the radome, The phase difference introduced for the inter-coupling effect between the cells, For the phase difference caused by the temperature drift, Is the first A pattern function of the individual antenna elements; The overall response of the array is: ; Wherein, the For the overall response of the array, As the total number of elements of the array antenna, Is the first The position vector of the individual cells in space, Is the phase term caused by the wave path difference.
  5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the i-th element of the array response model of the rotation vector has a post-compensation excitation expressed as follows: ; Wherein, the The excitation value compensated for the i-th cell, For the magnitude of the cell excitation, As the original phase is to be taken, Compensating phase to be optimized; compensating phase to be optimized The method meets the following conditions: ; Wherein, the Is a hardware phase shifter maximum amplitude limit.
  6. 6. The method for phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation with fusion of genetic algorithm and rotation vector according to claim 5, wherein in step S4, genetic algorithm comprises coding, population initialization, fitness function definition, genetic operation and elite retention strategy; wherein the encoding uses real number encoding, each individual representing a group Combining parameters; the size of population initialization is set to 50-100, and initial excitation weight parameters are randomly generated.
  7. 7. The method for phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation incorporating a genetic algorithm and a rotation vector according to claim 6, wherein the fitness function is calculated as follows: ; Wherein, the In order to adapt the value of the degree of adaptation, The actual pointing angle of the beam corresponding to the individuals of the current population, The desired pointing angle for the beam is, The value range is that the preset beam pointing error margin is , For the side-lobe level, Is a weighting coefficient.
  8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the genetic operations include a selection operation, a crossover operation and a mutation operation, wherein the selection operation uses tournament selection, the crossover operation uses simulated binary crossover, and the mutation operation uses polynomial mutation.
  9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the elite retention strategy retains the first 10% of the optimal individuals per generation to increase convergence rate and prevent premature convergence.
  10. 10. The method for phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation with fusion of genetic algorithm and rotation vector as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step S6, the closed loop feedback mechanism is specifically that if the error exceeds the limit after retest, local fine tuning genetic algorithm is started, search space is reduced to accelerate convergence, and closed loop adaptive compensation is formed.

Description

Phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method integrating genetic algorithm and rotation vector Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of antenna calibration, in particular to a phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method integrating a genetic algorithm and a rotation vector. Background Phased array antennas have been widely used in a variety of electronic information fields such as radar, communications, navigation, etc. by virtue of their fast beam scanning, multi-beam forming, high gain, and strong anti-interference capabilities. In order to adapt to the aerodynamic performance, thermal protection or structural installation requirements of different application scenes, the radome is gradually developed into a special-shaped structure such as a pointed cone cover, a lifting body cover and the like, and heat insulation components are integrated in part of the radome body so as to ensure the stable operation of the antenna in a complex environment. However, the integrated design of the radome and the phased array antenna brings higher requirements to the antenna amplitude and phase compensation technology, the amplitude and phase compensation is used as a key link for guaranteeing the performance of the phased array antenna, the core aim is to counteract phase distortion caused by various factors, and the pointing precision and zero depth index of an antenna pattern are guaranteed to meet the design standard. Currently, the dominant phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method in the industry is represented by a rotation vector method and a gradient descent method. The traditional rotation vector method is based on electromagnetic propagation characteristic design of a radome with a conventional shape, and has the core thought of realizing amplitude-phase parameter calibration through vector rotation and scaling, but the method has weak adaptability to phase distortion, particularly under the scene of a special-shaped radome, the structural characteristics of a radome body such as a large incident angle, thick-edge strips and wings can cause strong nonlinearity and large amplitude phase distortion, the refraction and reflection effects of electromagnetic waves on interfaces of air, radomes, heat shields and other multi-media are more complex, the traditional rotation vector method is difficult to accurately describe such complex distortion rules, the compensation accuracy is insufficient, and the problems of beam pointing deviation and zero depth reduction of a directional diagram cannot be effectively corrected. The gradient descent method is used as a common optimization type compensation algorithm, and the optimal amplitude and phase parameters are gradually approximated through iterative optimization, but the algorithm has obvious convergence rate defects. When facing complex phase distortion scenes, a large number of iterations exceeding 450 generations are needed to achieve a basic compensation effect, and the complex phase distortion scenes are easy to fall into a local optimal solution, so that the requirement of rapid calibration in engineering application is difficult to meet. In addition, the existing various amplitude and phase compensation methods have limited overall compensation effect, and after the calibration, the antenna zero depth index can only be restored to about 25dB, so that the design level of 40dB in a non-cover state is far not reached, the problem of pattern distortion is not completely solved, and the target detection precision and the signal resolution capability of the antenna are affected. Meanwhile, the existing compensation method is insufficient in suitability and engineering practicability. On one hand, the special calibration algorithm for the special antenna housing is lacking, the electromagnetic propagation characteristic change caused by the special structure of the special antenna housing cannot be matched, on the other hand, the combination degree of the traditional compensation method and the test flow is low, the mass test state requirements caused by the characteristics of a large beam scanning range, a wide frequency band, dual polarization, multiple wave positions and the like of the phased array antenna are difficult to adapt, the test and compensation flow is complicated, the efficiency is low, the engineering application requirements in equipment research and development, shaping and mass production cannot be met, and the method becomes a key technical bottleneck for restricting the full play of the performance of the phased array antenna. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a phased array antenna amplitude and phase compensation method integrating a genetic algorithm and a rotation vector, which aims to solve the problems of poor performance of a phased array antenna pattern, low adaptability, low convergence speed and low test efficiency of the existing compensation a