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CN-122017726-A - Shan Lide fort atomic receiver multi-target direction-of-arrival estimation method

CN122017726ACN 122017726 ACN122017726 ACN 122017726ACN-122017726-A

Abstract

The application discloses a Shan Lide fort atomic receiver multi-target direction-of-arrival estimation method based on space-resolved fluorescence spectrum analysis. According to the method, a modulation pattern formed by interference of a plurality of radio frequency signals and a local oscillator field in a steam chamber is obtained through space resolution fluorescence imaging, and the traditional lumped power measurement is replaced, so that the space information of multiple targets is completely reserved. On the basis, complex spatial modulation caused by a plurality of signals is linearized into superposition of sine waves with different spatial frequencies by using strong local oscillation conditions, so that the problem of multi-target direction-of-arrival estimation is converted into the problem of classical frequency spectrum estimation. Finally, each spatial frequency is extracted simultaneously through spectrum analysis, and the corresponding direction of arrival is calculated. The method breaks through the limitation that Shan Lide fort atomic receivers can only estimate single targets fundamentally through the core steps of space resolution imaging, linearization modeling and spectrum analysis, and realizes simultaneous estimation of multiple signal source arrival directions by using a single receiver.

Inventors

  • YIN HAIFAN
  • HAN LIANGCHENG

Assignees

  • 华中科技大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260129

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method for multi-objective direction of arrival estimation for a single-reed-burg atomic receiver, comprising: Based on a single steam chamber containing atomic steam, an electromagnetic induction transparent condition is constructed by utilizing probe laser and coupling laser, and fluorescent spatial distribution related to the total radio frequency field intensity spatial distribution is formed in the steam chamber through superposition of a local oscillation radio frequency field and an incident radio frequency signal field to be detected; acquiring a lateral fluorescence image of the steam chamber, and calculating a calibrated signal measurement sequence reflecting the spatial change of the local atomic absorption coefficient in the steam chamber based on the fluorescence image; Modeling the calibrated signal measurement sequence into a signal model formed by linearly superposing a plurality of spatial frequency components; Estimating each spatial frequency component from the signal model by adopting a frequency spectrum estimation algorithm based on a linear prediction model; and calculating the direction of arrival of each of the plurality of incident radio frequency signals according to the mapping relation between the spatial frequency components and the direction of arrival.
  2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the field strength of the local oscillator rf field is configured to be greater than a preset multiple of the sum of field strengths of all incident rf signals to be measured, so that a nonlinear relationship between a local atomic absorption coefficient and a total rf field strength is linearized, and the calibrated signal measurement sequence can be expressed as a linear combination of a plurality of spatial frequency cosine terms.
  3. 3. The direction of arrival estimation method according to claim 2, wherein said calibrated signal measurement sequence is obtained by: only starting a local oscillator radio frequency field, obtaining first fluorescence spatial distribution, calculating first atomic absorption coefficient spatial distribution, and obtaining a first group of measured values based on a preset virtual space window function family; Simultaneously starting a local oscillator radio frequency field and all incident radio frequency signals to be detected, obtaining second fluorescence spatial distribution, calculating second atomic absorption coefficient spatial distribution, and obtaining a second group of measured values based on the same virtual space window function family; and performing difference between the second set of measured values and the first set of measured values, and eliminating direct current offset to obtain the calibrated signal measurement sequence.
  4. 4. A direction of arrival estimation method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the linear prediction model based spectrum estimation algorithm is a Prony method, and specifically comprises: constructing a hank matrix by using the calibrated signal measurement sequence; obtaining a linear prediction coefficient by solving a linear least square problem; constructing a characteristic polynomial taking the prediction coefficient as a parameter, and solving the root of the polynomial; And screening roots with amplitude values close to 1 unit from the roots, wherein the argument corresponds to the estimated value of the spatial frequency component.
  5. 5. The direction of arrival estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the length of said vapor chamber is independent of the wavelength of the incident radio frequency signal to be measured, a longer vapor chamber length directly corresponding to a larger effective sensing aperture, higher spectral resolution and direction of arrival accuracy.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process of calculating the calibrated signal measurement sequence comprises logarithmic processing of the fluorescence image to directly restore the local atomic absorption coefficient spatial distribution, specifically: Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, Representing the spatial distribution of fluorescence intensity; Representing the local atomic absorption coefficient spatial distribution.
  7. 7. The direction of arrival estimation method according to claim 1, further comprising: and according to the estimated direction of arrival, the relative intensities or powers of a plurality of incident radio frequency signals are estimated by combining the spatial frequency component amplitude information of the signals.
  8. 8. A single-reed-solomon atomic receiver multi-target direction-of-arrival estimation system, comprising: An atomic sensing unit comprising a vapor chamber filled with alkali metal atom vapor for generating fluorescence related to spatial position under the combined action of laser and radio frequency field; An optical excitation and imaging unit comprising a laser system for generating probe laser light and coupled laser light, and an imaging device for laterally capturing the spatial distribution of the vapor cell fluorescence; the radio frequency field applying unit comprises a local oscillator source and a transmitting antenna which are used for generating a strong local oscillator radio frequency field, and a coupling device which is used for guiding an incident radio frequency signal to be detected to enter the steam chamber; A signal processing and control unit configured to: controlling the optical excitation and imaging unit and the radio frequency field applying unit to perform calibration measurement and actual measurement; Receiving image data from the imaging device, and executing the process flow of the direction-of-arrival estimation method of any one of claims 1-7, to output a plurality of estimated direction-of-arrival values of the incident radio frequency signal.
  9. 9. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; A memory for storing one or more programs; the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, enable the one or more processors to implement the steps in the direction of arrival estimation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
  10. 10. A computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program, which, when being executed by a processor, is capable of realizing the steps in the direction of arrival estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Description

Shan Lide fort atomic receiver multi-target direction-of-arrival estimation method Technical Field The application relates to the technical fields of quantum sensing, precise measurement and wireless communication, in particular to a method and a system for estimating the direction of arrival of radio waves by utilizing the high-sensitivity response characteristic of a Redberg atom to a radio frequency field, and especially relates to a method and a system for simultaneously estimating the directions of arrival of a plurality of signal sources by using only a single Redberg atom receiver. Background The estimation of the direction of arrival (Direction of Arrival, doA) is a key technology in the fields of radar, wireless positioning, communication, spectrum monitoring, etc. Conventional methods rely on arrays of physically separated antenna elements to invert the direction of arrival by measuring the phase difference of the signals at various points in space. However, such a phased array system based on conductor antennas has inherent drawbacks of limited sensitivity to thermal noise, limited bandwidth, complex system, and high cost. In recent years, quantum sensors based on the reed burg atom provide a revolutionary new approach to radio frequency field detection. A reed burg atom refers to an atom excited to a high primary quantum level, having a very large electric dipole moment, and being very sensitive to an external radio frequency electric field. The amplitude, phase and frequency of the radio frequency field can be measured with high accuracy by detecting the Stark shift of the atomic energy level under the action of the radio frequency field by optical methods (such as electromagnetic induction transparency, EIT). The core advantages include sensitivity near quantum limit, inherent immunity to thermal noise, and ultra-wideband tuning capability to cover the range from MHz to THz without altering the hardware structure, as compared to antennas. The research of the DOA estimation based on the Redberg atoms is developed. Early methods have followed the traditional array concept and used multiple spatially separated atomic gas chambers as sensor units to form an array, but this also has led to the problems of high system complexity and need for precise calibration. Then, a DOA estimation method based on a single-atom air chamber appears, wherein the signal field and the local oscillation field are utilized to interfere in the air chamber to form a standing wave pattern, the integral transmission power of the probe laser is modulated, and the DOA of the single signal is inverted through an optimization algorithm. However, this approach has two fundamental limitations, firstly, its model and algorithm are difficult to extend to multi-signal scenarios, essentially only a single target can be handled, and secondly, its accuracy is severely dependent on the physical length L of the air chamber, which makes it incompatible with broadband operation (different frequencies require different length air chambers). The root of the method is that the method only measures the total power after spatial integration, and the spatial resolution information is lost. Therefore, in the need of 6G and future communication and perception integration, a new technology for realizing multi-objective, wideband and high-precision DoA estimation by using a single reed-burg atom receiver needs to be developed. Disclosure of Invention The application aims to provide a Shan Lide fort atomic receiver multi-target direction-of-arrival estimation method and system based on space-resolved fluorescence spectrum analysis, which are used for solving the problems that the existing single receiver method cannot process multiple targets and is limited by specific wavelength-air chamber length constraint. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme. In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for estimating multiple target directions of arrival of a single-reed-burg atom receiver, including: Based on a single steam chamber containing atomic steam, an electromagnetic induction transparent condition is constructed by utilizing probe laser and coupling laser, and fluorescent spatial distribution related to the total radio frequency field intensity spatial distribution is formed in the steam chamber through superposition of a local oscillation radio frequency field and an incident radio frequency signal field to be detected; acquiring a lateral fluorescence image of the steam chamber, and calculating a calibrated signal measurement sequence reflecting the spatial change of the local atomic absorption coefficient in the steam chamber based on the fluorescence image; Modeling the calibrated signal measurement sequence into a signal model formed by linearly superposing a plurality of spatial frequency components; Estimating each spatial frequency component from