CN-122017951-A - Three-component microseism monitoring equipment and method for monitoring leakage risk of geologic body

CN122017951ACN 122017951 ACN122017951 ACN 122017951ACN-122017951-A

Abstract

The invention discloses three-component microseism monitoring equipment and method for monitoring leakage risk of a geologic body, and belongs to the technical field of geological monitoring. By adopting the three-component microseism monitoring equipment and method for monitoring the geological leakage risk, the dynamic changes of the earthquake signals in three orthogonal directions are accurately captured, the geological leakage risk is timely and accurately found, the long-term monitoring cost is reduced, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.

Inventors

FU XIAOFEI
LI XIANLI
REN FUSHEN
MENG LINGDONG
DU RUISHAN
LIU MIAOMIAO

Assignees

东北石油大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260127

Claims (9)

1. The three-component microseism monitoring equipment for monitoring the leakage risk of the geologic body is characterized by comprising a protective shell, wherein a sensor unit, a signal conditioning and collecting unit, a data transmission unit and an intelligent control unit are sequentially arranged in the protective shell; the sensor unit comprises three-component acceleration sensors, wherein the three-component acceleration sensors are integrated by three mutually perpendicular single-axis acceleration sensors, and the surfaces of the three-component acceleration sensors are coated with a nanocomposite coating; The signal conditioning and collecting unit comprises a low-noise preamplifier, an anti-aliasing filter, a program-controlled gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter and a digital signal processor; The data transmission unit is used for transmitting data in an optical fiber communication or wireless transmission mode; The intelligent control unit comprises a microcontroller, a storage module, a communication interface and a man-machine interaction module and is used for monitoring the operation of the equipment in real time, caching data and executing remote instructions.
2. The three-component microseism monitoring device for monitoring leakage risk of geologic bodies according to claim 1, wherein the sensitive structure of the single-axis acceleration sensor is made of high-purity monocrystalline silicon material.
3. The three-component microseism monitoring device for monitoring leakage risk of geologic bodies according to claim 1, wherein the programmable gain amplifier is used for dynamically adjusting amplification factors under the control of a digital signal processor and adapting to different signal intensity ranges.
4. The three-component microseism monitoring device for monitoring leakage risk of geologic bodies according to claim 1, wherein the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter is configured by a digital signal processor and is used for matching real-time monitoring requirements.
5. The three-component microseism monitoring device for monitoring leakage risk of geologic bodies according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission unit automatically selects an optical fiber communication or a wireless transmission mode according to geological environment conditions, wherein the optical fiber communication adopts an optical modulation/demodulation technology and a forward error correction coding, and the wireless transmission adopts a low-power consumption wide area network technology NB-IoT or LoRa.
6. The three-component microseism monitoring device for monitoring leakage risk of geologic bodies according to claim 1, wherein the signal conditioning and collecting unit integrates temperature difference energy and vibration energy collecting functions, and multi-source energy integration and storage are performed through an energy management circuit.
7. The three-component microseism monitoring device for monitoring leakage risk of a geologic body according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent control unit supports remote parameter settings including a signal conditioning threshold, a data transmission strategy and a sensor sampling frequency.
8. The three-component microseism monitoring device for monitoring leakage risk of geologic bodies according to claim 1, wherein the man-machine interaction module supports local operations including state query, fault diagnosis and emergency control instruction input.
9. A method for monitoring risk of leakage of a body using the apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of: S1, fixing equipment in a geologic body through a mounting hole of a protective shell and a fixing device in a drilling, burying or wall hanging mode; s2, a sensor unit collects X, Y, Z-direction acceleration components of microseism signals in the geologic body in real time and converts the acceleration components into electric signals; S3, the signal conditioning and acquisition unit sequentially amplifies, filters, adjusts gain and converts analog signals to digital, and the analog signals are buffered after being filtered, noise reduced and feature extracted by the digital signal processor; S4, the data transmission unit selects optical fiber or wireless transmission according to the environmental conditions, the processed data is transmitted to a ground monitoring center, and meanwhile, the data integrity is ensured by utilizing buffering and breakpoint continuous transmission; s5, the intelligent control unit monitors the state of the equipment in real time, dynamically adjusts signal processing parameters according to the signal characteristics of the sensor, optimizes power consumption based on the electric quantity and energy collection state, receives ground instructions and executes man-machine interaction operation.

Description

Three-component microseism monitoring equipment and method for monitoring leakage risk of geologic body Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of geological monitoring, in particular to three-component microseism monitoring equipment and method for monitoring leakage risk of a geological body. Background In modern energy development and geological engineering activities, the integrity and stability of the geologic body are critical. Taking oil gas exploitation as an example, as exploitation activities go deep, factors such as formation pressure change, rock fracture, fluid migration and the like may cause defects such as cracks and holes in the geologic body, so that oil gas leakage is caused, resource waste is caused, and serious damage is caused to surrounding environments and ecological systems. In the same way, in the operation process of the underground gas storage, the tightness and the stability of the surrounding rock of the gas storage are directly related to the safe operation of the gas storage, and serious safety accidents can be caused by small leakage. Microseism monitoring is used as an effective geophysical monitoring means, and can capture tiny earthquake events generated inside a geological body due to rock fracture, fluid flow and the like. These minor seismic events are usually accompanied by the propagation of seismic waves, and by monitoring and analyzing the seismic waves, the structural changes and stress states inside the geologic body can be deduced, so that early warning of the geologic body leakage risk is realized. However, current microseismic monitoring devices have a number of problems in practical applications. On the one hand, many existing devices have difficulty meeting the requirements of permanent monitoring. In complex geological environments, such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, and highly corrosive downhole environments, stability and durability of the equipment pose serious challenges. The traditional monitoring equipment often needs to be maintained, calibrated and even replaced regularly, so that the monitoring cost is increased, interruption of monitoring data can be caused, and accurate grasp of the long-term change trend of the geologic body is affected. For example, some microseismic sensors based on electrical principles are prone to performance drift of electronic components in high temperature environments, resulting in reduced measurement accuracy, and in high humidity and highly corrosive environments, the housing and internal circuitry of the sensor are prone to erosion, shortening the service life of the device. On the other hand, the existing microseismic monitoring equipment has the defects in the precision and resolution of three-component monitoring. Microseismic signals are typically very weak, vary widely in amplitude and frequency range, and are susceptible to interference and attenuation by geologic media during propagation. The existing three-component sensors have limited capability of capturing weak signals, and cannot accurately distinguish the slight differences of microseism signals in different directions, so that under complex geological conditions, deviation occurs in judgment of key information such as the trend, the size and the fluid migration direction of cracks in the geological body. For example, in areas where multiple layers of different lithologic strata and complex fault structures exist, it is difficult for existing monitoring devices to accurately resolve microseismic signals, and accurate data support cannot be provided for geologic body leakage risk assessment. In summary, the development of the equipment which can adapt to complex geological environment, realize permanent-set monitoring and has high-precision three-component monitoring capability has important significance for improving accuracy and reliability of geological body leakage risk monitoring and guaranteeing energy development and geological engineering safety. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide three-component microseism monitoring equipment and method for permanent geological body leakage, which accurately capture dynamic changes of earthquake signals in three orthogonal directions and timely. And the geological leakage risk is accurately found, and meanwhile, the long-term monitoring cost is reduced and the monitoring efficiency is improved. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a three-component microseism monitoring device for permanent geological body leakage, which comprises a protective shell, wherein a sensor unit, a signal conditioning and collecting unit, a data transmission unit and an intelligent control unit are sequentially arranged in the protective shell; The protective shell is made of nickel-based alloy or titanium alloy materials with high strength, corrosion resistance and good sealing performance, the surface is subjected to passivation treatment, a multi-