CN-122017993-A - Rapid prediction method and system for coal mine small-scale collapse column

CN122017993ACN 122017993 ACN122017993 ACN 122017993ACN-122017993-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for rapidly predicting a small-scale collapse column of a coal mine. The method comprises the steps of determining a seismic event corresponding to a target coal seam, generating a target horizon, analyzing three-dimensional seismic data in the target horizon and a neighborhood range thereof, establishing a comprehensive abnormal response, identifying a space boundary zone which is transited from a stable zone to a disturbance zone, constructing a closed or semi-closed boundary zone, selecting a plurality of seismic sections, extracting candidate center positions corresponding to the space of the comprehensive abnormal response in each seismic section, determining the position with the highest consistency as a center control point of a collapse column, constructing a plurality of seismic sections, identifying abnormal response positions near the center control point, obtaining a plurality of candidate boundary control points, forming an effective boundary point set, generating a plane boundary contour of the collapse column, obtaining the influence range of the collapse column on the target coal seam, and checking and verifying the space relation between the plane boundary contour and the target coal seam. The interpretation efficiency is obviously improved while the prediction precision is ensured.

Inventors

SHI SUZHEN
LI GUANGMING
Liu Zuiliang
ZHANG XIN
LI LI
REN HAIBO

Assignees

中国矿业大学(北京)

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260318

Claims (10)

1. The rapid prediction method of the coal mine small-scale collapse column is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, determining an earthquake homophase axis corresponding to a target coal seam based on a well earthquake calibration result, and performing horizon interpretation by using a space small surface element automatic recurrence mode to generate a target horizon; S2, analyzing the three-dimensional seismic data in the target horizon and the neighborhood range thereof, and establishing comprehensive abnormal response, wherein the comprehensive abnormal response represents local disturbance of a reflecting structure, wave field consistency, phase and structure joint stability change and describes seismic response characteristics of a potential small-scale collapse column; S3, based on the spatial distribution characteristics and the continuity characteristics of the comprehensive abnormal response on the plane scale, identifying a spatial boundary zone of transition from a stable zone to a disturbance zone, and constructing the spatial boundary zone into a closed or semi-closed boundary annular zone; S4, selecting a plurality of seismic sections within the constraint range of the closed or semi-closed boundary girdle, extracting candidate center positions corresponding to the space of the comprehensive abnormal response in each seismic section, analyzing the spatial consistency of the candidate center positions in the sections in different directions, and determining the position with the highest consistency as a center control point of the collapse column; S5, constructing a plurality of seismic sections in a target horizon plane according to preset azimuth intervals by taking the central control point as a reference, and identifying abnormal response positions near the central control point in each seismic section to obtain a plurality of candidate boundary control points; s6, uniformly mapping the candidate boundary control points to a target horizon plane, and removing or correcting the candidate boundary control points which do not meet the preset space constraint condition by combining the space consistency characteristics of the comprehensive abnormal response to form an effective boundary point set; S7, generating a plane boundary contour of the collapse column in the target horizon plane in a self-adaptive boundary fitting mode based on the effective boundary point set, and obtaining an influence range of the collapse column on the target coal seam; And S8, checking and verifying the spatial relationship between the plane boundary contour and the target coal seam in a three-dimensional visualization mode.
2. The method for rapidly predicting a small-scale collapse column for coal mines according to claim 1, wherein the target horizon in the step S1 is obtained by the following steps: The manually calibrated sample section is used as an initial constraint, the sample section is divided into a plurality of three-dimensional micro-surface elements, a target horizon is recursively generated in a three-dimensional space based on a waveform characteristic comparison method, and meanwhile, real-time correction of a recursion process is allowed to be performed manually.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the profile anomaly pattern of the integrated anomaly response in step S2 includes local disturbance and multi-layer "concave" deformation characteristics of the phase axis, characteristics of a collapse column development zone with multiple concomitant phase characteristics above and below the phase axis, characteristics of local loss or continuity reduction of the phase axis, characteristics of delayed diffraction wave response weakening or disappearance, characteristics of reduced reflection wave phase continuity but no complete disturbance, characteristics of transition and rapid recovery of the phase axis from single axis response to double axis or multiple axis response, and characteristics of collapse column development boundary phase tailing.
4. The rapid prediction method of the small-scale collapse column for the coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comprehensive abnormal response in the step S2 is one or a combination of the following characteristics that the phase response occurs above and below the same phase axis, the phase continuity is reduced but complete disturbance does not occur, and the same phase axis is subjected to biaxial or multiaxial response from uniaxial response, so that the characteristic of distinguishing the small-scale collapse column from faults, folds or coal seam flushing zones is taken as a distinguishing basis.
5. A method for rapid prediction of a small-scale collapse column for coal mines according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the closed or semi-closed boundary endless belt is formed by identifying gradient change characteristics of the integrated anomaly response in the planar dimension, wherein the gradient change characteristics include abrupt change characteristics of anomalies from stable regions to disturbance regions.
6. A method for rapid prediction of a small-scale trap column for a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the closed or semi-closed boundary zone is determined by a spatially superimposed relationship of multiple classes of synthetic anomaly responses including at least a reflected structure disturbance anomaly and a wavefield consistency variation anomaly.
7. A method for rapidly predicting a small-scale collapse column for a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the spatial uniformity analysis of candidate center positions includes comparing spatial concentrations or recurrence frequencies of abnormal positions in different azimuth profiles.
8. The method for rapidly predicting a small-scale collapse column for coal mines according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the constraint of spatial consistency comprises that the distribution of candidate boundary control points on a target horizon plane is required to keep a corresponding relationship with the spatial morphology of the closed or semi-closed boundary endless belt.
9. The method for rapidly predicting a small-scale collapse column for coal mines according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the adaptive boundary fitting mode performs smoothing on the boundary contour according to the distribution density change of the effective boundary point set on the plane.
10. A rapid prediction system for a small-scale collapse column of a coal mine, comprising: The horizon construction module is used for generating a target coal seam horizon based on a well earthquake calibration result and in combination with a space small surface element automatic recurrence mode; The abnormal response analysis module is used for analyzing the three-dimensional seismic data in the target horizon and the neighborhood range thereof and extracting the comprehensive abnormal response for describing the potential small-scale collapse column; An anomaly concentration zone identification module that identifies a spatial demarcation zone of the composite anomaly response on a planar scale and constructs a closed or semi-closed boundary zone for constraining a potential trapping column impact range; the central control point determining module is used for carrying out space consistency analysis on candidate central positions in the plurality of seismic sections in the constraint range of the boundary annular band and determining a central control point of the collapse column; The multi-direction interpretation module is used for constructing a multi-direction seismic section in the target horizon plane by taking the central control point as a reference and acquiring candidate boundary control points; The joint constraint checking module maps the candidate boundary control points to the target horizon plane and combines the spatial consistency characteristics of the comprehensive abnormal response to carry out screening and correction; The boundary generation module is used for generating a plane boundary contour of the collapse column through a self-adaptive boundary fitting mode based on the effective boundary point set; and the three-dimensional checking module checks and verifies the spatial relationship between the plane boundary contour and the target coal seam in a three-dimensional visual mode.

Description

Rapid prediction method and system for coal mine small-scale collapse column Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of fine recognition of coal mine small-scale collapse columns, in particular to a rapid prediction method and a rapid prediction system for coal mine small-scale collapse columns. Background At present, the three-dimensional seismic exploration technology gradually becomes an important technical means for fine detection of coal mine structures by virtue of the advantages of wide coverage range, high spatial resolution, rich information and the like. Based on three-dimensional seismic data, the existing research analyzes the seismic response characteristics of the collapse columns through methods such as seismic time section analysis, multi-attribute interpretation and the like, and achieves certain effects in the identification of medium-scale and large-scale collapse columns (the long axis diameter is larger than 50 m). However, for small scale trapping columns, there are significant shortcomings to the conventional interpretation method. On one hand, the abnormal response of the small-scale collapse columns on the earthquake time section and the attribute plane is not enough outstanding, the interpretation result is difficult to accurately describe the real boundary of the small-scale collapse columns, and on the other hand, when a plurality of collapse columns are mutually adjacent on the plane, the earthquake abnormal response is overlapped, and the uncertainty of the interpretation result is increased. In addition, the earthquake response characteristics of the abnormal geological phenomena such as small cutting, small syncline, local inclination abrupt change and the like are similar to those of small-scale collapse columns, so that the risk of misjudgment is high, and the reliability of the interpretation result is affected. Therefore, how to solve the technical problems of low prediction speed and low precision of the small-scale collapse column in the prior art, and provide guarantee for safe and efficient mining of coal mines is a problem which needs to be solved by the technicians in the field. Disclosure of Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and system for rapid prediction of small-scale collapse columns for coal mines that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for rapidly predicting a small-scale collapse column in a coal mine, including the following steps: S1, determining an earthquake homophase axis corresponding to a target coal seam based on a well earthquake calibration result, and performing horizon interpretation by using a space small surface element automatic recurrence mode to generate a target horizon; S2, analyzing the three-dimensional seismic data in the target horizon and the neighborhood range thereof, and establishing comprehensive abnormal response, wherein the comprehensive abnormal response represents local disturbance of a reflecting structure, wave field consistency, phase and structure joint stability change and describes seismic response characteristics of a potential small-scale collapse column; S3, based on the spatial distribution characteristics and the continuity characteristics of the comprehensive abnormal response on the plane scale, identifying a spatial boundary zone of transition from a stable zone to a disturbance zone, and constructing the spatial boundary zone into a closed or semi-closed boundary annular zone; S4, selecting a plurality of seismic sections within the constraint range of the closed or semi-closed boundary girdle, extracting candidate center positions corresponding to the space of the comprehensive abnormal response in each seismic section, analyzing the spatial consistency of the candidate center positions in the sections in different directions, and determining the position with the highest consistency as a center control point of the collapse column; S5, constructing a plurality of seismic sections in a target horizon plane according to preset azimuth intervals by taking the central control point as a reference, and identifying abnormal response positions near the central control point in each seismic section to obtain a plurality of candidate boundary control points; s6, uniformly mapping the candidate boundary control points to a target horizon plane, and removing or correcting the candidate boundary control points which do not meet the preset space constraint condition by combining the space consistency characteristics of the comprehensive abnormal response to form an effective boundary point set; S7, generating a plane boundary contour of the collapse column in the target horizon plane in a self-adapt