CN-122018466-A - Environment partition monitoring and grading control method for Boletus sinesis fungus material storage yard

CN122018466ACN 122018466 ACN122018466 ACN 122018466ACN-122018466-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment partition monitoring and grading control method for a Chinese saprophytics fungus material storage yard, which relates to the technical field of edible fungus material storage yard management, and aims to achieve the effects of storage yard environment sensing, risk measurement and material path regulation by taking a storage yard as an environment similar unit, selecting representative storage yards, calculating the water activity and temperature and humidity field of each control unit according to fungus material formulas, calculating the risk index and regional risk index of the control units, establishing a risk budget and risk consumption relation with fungus material batches, carrying out partition ventilation, spraying, turning over and stacking out sequence decision according to risk grades and batch risk budget, adjusting the risk weight and threshold according to cultivation conditions, and improving fungus material utilization rate and product stability.

Inventors

WANG YUANZHONG
ZHU XINYAN
YANG SHAOBING

Assignees

云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260209

Claims (10)

1. The method for monitoring and grading the environment of the boletus sinensis fungus material storage yard in a partitioning manner is characterized by comprising the following steps of, Space modeling is carried out on a boletus sinensis fungus material storage yard, control units are divided according to storage yard layout and wind direction, a representative stack layout multi-layer environment monitoring point is selected in the control units, and fungus material water activity and three-dimensional environment parameters in each control unit are calculated according to representative stack monitoring data and fungus material formulas; Periodically acquiring the water activity of the bacterial materials of each control unit, calculating a risk index, obtaining a regional risk index through time accumulation and adjacent superposition, accumulating the risk consumption of each bacterial material batch according to the regional risk index and the residence time of the bacterial material batch in the control unit, and corresponding to a preset risk budget; Determining the priority of each control unit according to the regional risk index and the risk consumption and risk budget of the fungus material batch in the control unit, executing environment control and fungus material stacking arrangement according to the priority, and adjusting the weight parameters and the risk classification threshold of the environment risk index according to the fungus material batch cultivation result.
2. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 1, wherein: Firstly dividing the fungus material storage yard into a plurality of areas with similar environmental conditions according to the plane size of the storage yard, the dominant natural wind direction, the mechanical ventilation direction, the ground slope direction, the drainage arrangement and the sunshade and enclosure structure, and then dividing a plurality of control units in each area according to the stacking arrangement, the stacking spacing and the operation width of the turning machine.
3. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 2, wherein: The representative pile is provided with at least a bottom monitoring point close to the ground, a reactor core monitoring point in the middle of the pile body and a surface layer monitoring point close to a pile table in the height direction, and an air monitoring point is arranged above the representative pile, and each monitoring point is used for simultaneously collecting temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration and representing the environmental states of bacteria materials at different height positions and surrounding air.
4. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 3, wherein: Collecting the stacking height, stacking width, stacking shape, stacking time and stacking age of each stack body, the proportion of sawdust, cotton seed hulls and corncobs in a fungus material formula and the initial water content, establishing a corresponding relation between relative humidity, water content and fungus material water activity based on monitoring data representing the stacks and the fungus material formula, and generating virtual monitoring points in each control unit to calculate fungus material water activity distribution at different heights and positions.
5. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 4, wherein: the calculation of the risk index of the control unit simultaneously considers the deviation degree of the water activity of the bacterial material relative to the proper interval, the temperature difference and the humidity difference of the reactor core and the reactor table and the air above the reactor, the deviation degree of the average carbon dioxide concentration relative to the target interval, the current reactor age and the duration of the parameters exceeding the proper interval, and gives the deviation degree of the water activity of the bacterial material higher than the weights of other parameters.
6. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 5, wherein: The regional risk indexes are obtained by accumulating the risk indexes of the control units in time and carrying out propagation superposition in space, wherein the time accumulation superposes the risk indexes of the same control unit according to continuous sampling periods, and the risk propagation quantity of the high-risk control unit to the adjacent control units is calculated and the risk indexes of the adjacent control units are added in a conversion mode according to the relative positions among the control units, the dominant airflow directions and the pile contact relation during spatial propagation superposition.
7. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 6, wherein: The risk budget value set by each bacterial material batch is preset based on a bacterial material formula, a target product grade and a seasonal working condition, the risk consumption of the bacterial material batch is obtained by accumulating regional risk indexes corresponding to the bacterial material batch in the stay period of each control unit, when the risk consumption of a certain bacterial material batch reaches a preset proportion, the bacterial material batch is marked as a priority processing batch, and in the third step, the priority processing batch is limited not to enter a new high risk control unit.
8. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 7, wherein: Dividing each control unit into proper, slight deviation, high risk and serious risk grades according to the risk indexes of the control units and the regional risk indexes, judging the dominant risk type of the control unit according to the relative sizes of the parameters, wherein the dominant risk type comprises a water activity higher type, a water activity lower type, a reactor core self-heating type, an anoxic type and a neighborhood spreading type, and taking the risk grade and the dominant risk type together as input conditions for selecting control actions.
9. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 8, wherein: The control action is configured according to the dominant risk type, wherein the control unit with lower water activity adopts fine mist spraying and reduces ventilation intensity, the control unit with higher water activity adopts reinforced ventilation and reduces spraying and is matched with shallow layer turning, the core self-heating type and anoxic type control unit generates turning tasks and starts air exhaust, and the fungus material batch in the serious risk control unit is limited to be used for composting process and other low risk processes instead of Chinese saprophytics cultivation.
10. The environmental partition monitoring and hierarchical control method according to claim 9, wherein: setting control resource budget according to the power and the operation time of the fan, the spray pump and the pile turning machine, controlling the priority distribution equipment to start and stop according to the control unit, dividing the bacterial batch grade according to the bacterial batch risk consumption and the control unit risk grade when the pile is discharged and corresponding to the bag making and sterilization process parameters, collecting the bacterial batch pollution rate and yield, and comparing with the corresponding risk consumption and risk index history to adjust the weight and threshold adopted when calculating the risk index.

Description

Environment partition monitoring and grading control method for Boletus sinesis fungus material storage yard Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus material storage yard management, in particular to an environment partition monitoring and grading control method for a Boletus sinense fungus material storage yard. Background With the development of artificial cultivation and industrial production of bolete of Chinese saprophytics, more and more enterprises select production modes of centralized bag making, large-scale inoculation and batch fruiting. The fungus material yard is a previous process of raw material purchase, material mixing and bag making fermentation of the Boletus sinesis, and is mainly characterized in that raw materials of formulas such as sawdust, cotton seed hulls, corncobs and the like and pretreated fungus materials mixed by adding water are piled in an open air or semi-open area at one side of a factory area, the piling amount is large, the piling body is large, the turnover is frequent, and the pollution rate, the yield and the quality of the Boletus sinesis stick are influenced obviously by season and climate, ventilation environment, ground drainage and sunshade structure. In the existing production mode, enterprises are usually equipped with temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide monitors for controlling indoor environments in bag making workshops, cultivation rooms and fruiting rooms, a stack area is divided into fungus material yards according to experience, manual inspection is carried out, and only a thermometer is arranged at a specific position or the outside air temperature and rainfall condition are simply recorded. Part of enterprises turn over the local pile body, shelter from rain or simply ventilate by referring to the composting process, but no monitoring and evaluating method is specially aimed at the characteristics of the bolete Chinese saprophytics. Because the space of the storage yard is large and more sensors are difficult to place in the pile body, a manager cannot know the temperature, the water content and the gas change in the reactor core in time, and whether the pile body is abnormal or not is judged only by hand feeling, visual inspection and odour experience. Under the conditions, the situation that the space and time difference is large easily occurs in the fungus material storage yard, namely, stacks at different positions in the storage yard are influenced by sunlight, wind direction and ground humidity, the surface layer is dry, the reactor core is in a high-temperature and high-humidity state for a long time, and the reactor core is easy to self-heat, lack oxygen and even partially spoil after rain or in a high-temperature season. Different bacterial material batches have different stay times in a storage yard, are recombined in the process of turning over and supplementing the piles, and have larger differences in temperature, water content, gas composition, microorganism load and other conditions experienced in the storage yard stage. If the pile body and batch with larger risk cannot be identified in time, the bacteria with higher risk enter the bag making and inoculating process, the probability of bacteria rod pollution, hypha dysplasia or whole shed scrapping is increased, otherwise, the pile body and batch are turned over for multiple times, ventilation and spraying are uniformly carried out on the whole yard to reduce the risk, and the energy consumption and the labor cost are increased. Therefore, in the field of the industrial production of the bacterial material storage yard of the Boletus sinesis, in the open, heterogeneous and time-varying stacking environment, the method can objectively recognize the internal environmental states and quality risks of the bacterial materials in different space positions and different stacking stages, provides basis for subsequent storage yard management and use sequence arrangement, and is a key technical problem to be solved in the current production. Disclosure of Invention (One) solving the technical problems Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an environment partition monitoring and grading control method for a boletus sinensis fungus material storage yard, which takes the storage yard as an environment similar unit, selects representative storage and layout multi-layer monitoring points, calculates the water activity and the temperature and humidity field of each control unit according to fungus material formula, calculates the risk index and the regional risk index of the control unit, establishes a risk budget and a risk consumption relation with fungus material batches, carries out partition ventilation, spraying, turning and stacking out sequence decision according to the risk grade and the batch risk budget, adjusts the risk weight and the threshold according to the cultivation condition, achieves the effects of storage yard env