CN-122020043-A - Irrigation decision-making method and device based on solar terms and soil moisture balance model

CN122020043ACN 122020043 ACN122020043 ACN 122020043ACN-122020043-A

Abstract

The invention provides an irrigation decision method and device based on a solar terms and soil moisture balance model, and relates to the field of irrigation data processing, wherein the method is used for analyzing crop weather periods and weather characteristic data corresponding to each solar term in designated solar terms based on designated solar terms and time sequence weather data; the method comprises the steps of determining the optimal soil water content of crops in different solar terms according to crop weather periods, correcting the optimal soil water content according to crop weather characteristic data to obtain reference soil water content of the crops in each solar term, simulating change data of the field soil water content in real time by using a soil water dynamic balance model, calculating residual effective water quantity in daily soil based on the change data, calculating irrigation frequency according to the rainfall characteristics corresponding to the solar terms, judging whether irrigation is carried out according to the irrigation frequency and the current residual effective water quantity, and dynamically generating an irrigation decision result according to difference data between the actual soil water content and the reference soil water content corresponding to the solar terms if irrigation is carried out.

Inventors

Sun Tenghui
HUO LIRONG
YANG XIAOLIN
TIAN JINGGUO
CHEN YING
SUN SHENGJUN
GUO DONGHAO
XU ZHONGHAO

Assignees

中恒瑞景(北京)生态科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260129

Claims (10)

1. An irrigation decision-making method based on a solar term and soil moisture balance model, the method comprising: Acquiring time sequence meteorological data and actual evapotranspiration data, and analyzing crop weather periods and meteorological characteristic data corresponding to each solar term in the designated solar term data based on the designated solar term data and the time sequence meteorological data; Determining the optimal soil water content of crops in different solar terms according to the crop waiting period; Correcting the optimal soil water content by combining the rainfall characteristics corresponding to the solar terms in the meteorological characteristic data to obtain the reference soil water content corresponding to each solar term of crops, taking the actual evapotranspiration data and the actual effective precipitation and irrigation amount as the consumption and increase of water in the soil, simulating the change data of the field soil water content in real time by utilizing a soil water dynamic balance model, and calculating the residual effective water amount in the daily soil based on the change data of the field soil water content; calculating irrigation frequency according to the rainfall characteristic corresponding to the solar terms, and judging whether to execute irrigation or not according to the irrigation frequency and the current residual effective water quantity; And if irrigation is executed, dynamically generating an irrigation decision result according to difference data between the actual soil water content and the reference soil water content corresponding to the solar terms, and feeding back the irrigation quantity in the irrigation decision result to the soil water dynamic balance model as the new increase of the water in the soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing crop weather and weather characteristic data corresponding to each of the specified solar terms based on the specified solar terms and the time-series weather data comprises: converting successive dates and times into a target time series in units of throttle based on a time series frame on which twenty-four throttles in the specified throttle data are based; Dividing an agricultural ecological area by taking a region as a unit based on geographic difference data and cultivation rule data, and taking the agricultural ecological area as a basic space unit; Selecting target crops in each basic space unit, positioning the weathers of the crops to the throttles in the target time sequence by taking the weathers of the crops as references through correlation analysis so as to determine the weathers distribution of different throttles and obtain a first corresponding map among the areas, the crops, the throttles and the weathers; Integrating historical daily meteorological data according to the frame of the target time sequence, and respectively calculating historical values of all meteorological elements in each solar terms based on the basic space unit to obtain a second corresponding map among the areas, the solar terms and the meteorological features; and determining the crop weather period and weather characteristic data corresponding to each solar term based on the first corresponding map and the second corresponding map.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the correcting the optimum soil moisture content in combination with the precipitation characteristics corresponding to the solar terms in the weather characteristic data to obtain the reference soil moisture content corresponding to each solar term for the crop comprises: and correcting the water content of the most suitable soil according to the rainfall characteristic corresponding to the solar terms in the meteorological characteristic data by using the following first formula to obtain the water content of the reference soil corresponding to each solar term: Wherein, the For reference soil moisture content, we p is the optimum soil moisture content, which is a proportionality coefficient and represents the proportion of the effective moisture required by crops in a waiting period to the total effective moisture of the soil; the total effective water quantity of the soil is calculated by the following second formula: ; Wherein, the The field water holding capacity is the volume water content which can be kept by the well-drained soil after the gravity water is drained; The water content of wilting point refers to the water content of soil volume when crops permanently wilt, and Z r is the root depth of crops.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the actual evapotranspiration data and the actual effective precipitation and irrigation are used as the consumption and increase of water in the soil, the change data of the water content of the field soil is simulated in real time by using a soil water dynamic balance model, and the remaining effective water amount in the daily soil is calculated based on the change data of the water content of the field soil, comprising: And simulating the change data of the water content of the field soil in a non-irrigation period in real time by using the following first soil moisture balance equation and the actual evapotranspiration data and the actual effective precipitation and irrigation amount as the consumption and increase of the moisture in the soil: The method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining a first soil moisture balance equation, wherein SM (t) is the variation of soil moisture in time t and represents the variation data of the soil moisture in the field, P (t) is the accumulated precipitation input in time t and represents the actual effective precipitation, ET (t) is the actual evaporation and emission amount of crops in time t and is used for reflecting the consumption of moisture by the crops, R (t) is the surface runoff in time t and represents the part where precipitation fails to infiltrate and directly runs off, G (t) is the infiltration amount in time t and represents the part where soil runs off to deep soil under the action of gravity, and the first soil moisture balance equation is used for representing the soil moisture balance equation of the farmland under natural conditions in a non-irrigation period; When R (t) and G (t) are 0 in the farmland, a second soil moisture balance equation is obtained outside irrigation in the farmland, the second soil moisture balance equation being expressed as: The actual evaporation amount and the actual effective precipitation amount are used for recursively calculating the soil moisture content of the day according to the soil moisture content of the day before, wherein R (t) is 0 and is determined according to the limit of ridges existing in the farmland on the generation condition of surface runoffs during precipitation, G (t) is 0 and is determined according to the avoidance of the downward infiltration condition of the soil due to the action of gravity so as to maximize the utilization of the moisture in the farmland, and the second soil moisture balance equation is used for representing the soil moisture balance equation of the farmland in a non-irrigation period; and simulating the change data of the water content of the field soil in the irrigation period in real time by using the actual evapotranspiration data and the actual effective precipitation and irrigation amount as the consumption and increase of the water in the soil according to the following third soil moisture balance equation: Wherein, the The method comprises the steps of (1) representing irrigation water quantity of a farmland in an irrigation period, wherein P (t) represents accumulated precipitation quantity input quantity in time t and represents the actual effective precipitation quantity, ET (t) represents the actual evaporation quantity of crops in time t and is used for reflecting water consumption of the crops, and the third soil water balance equation is used for representing a soil water balance equation of the farmland in the irrigation period; the initial calculation formula for determining the remaining effective water amount based on the total effective water amount and the consumed effective water amount is as follows: Wherein, the Indicating the remaining effective water volume; Representing the total effective water quantity; Representing an effective amount of water consumed, the effective amount of water consumed calculated by a third formula: Wherein, the Is the water content of the soil; z r is the root depth of the crop; The final calculation formula for determining the residual effective water quantity according to the second formula and the initial calculation formula is that sw=SM- wp 1000 Zr and determining the residual effective water quantity in the daily soil by utilizing the final calculation formula.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein said calculating irrigation frequency from said precipitation characteristics corresponding to solar terms comprises: determining the total amount of precipitation in each solar terms according to the historical daily meteorological data, dividing the precipitation characteristics of the solar terms into a plurality of precipitation levels according to the total amount of precipitation, and determining corresponding different irrigation frequencies according to different precipitation levels; And calculating irrigation date according to the irrigation frequency and the time length between two times of air saving, continuously comparing the current date with the calculated irrigation date to obtain a comparison result, and determining to execute an irrigation task if the dates in the comparison result are matched.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said determining whether to perform irrigation based on said irrigation frequency and said current remaining effective amount of water comprises: Monitoring the current residual effective water quantity in real time by utilizing the soil water dynamic balance model, if the current residual effective water quantity is lower than a threshold value of crop water stress, neglecting the irrigation frequency and determining to perform irrigation so as to prevent crops from being subjected to water stress, wherein the threshold value of crop water stress is calculated by the following fourth formula: Wherein sw str is a threshold value of the crop water stress, taw is the total effective water quantity of the soil, which represents the water quantity used by the crop and is maintained in the soil and is related to the property of the soil and the depth of the root system of the crop, and raw is the effective water quantity easy to be absorbed, wherein the effective water quantity easy to be absorbed is calculated by the following fifth formula: Wherein, the To be the ratio of the amount of water that the crop root system consumes from the soil to the total effective amount of water in the soil before water stress occurs.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically generating irrigation decision results based on data of differences between actual soil moisture content and the reference soil moisture content corresponding to a solar term, comprises: According to the difference data between the actual soil water content and the reference soil water content corresponding to the solar terms, calculating the effective irrigation quantity to be supplemented by using the following sixth formula: Wherein, the The effective irrigation amount for irrigation into the soil represents the effective irrigation amount to be supplemented; The water content of the reference soil which is to be reached after irrigation; The residual effective water quantity before irrigation starts; And correcting the effective irrigation quantity and the leaching water demand of the irrigation entering the soil according to different irrigation mode efficiencies by using the following seventh formula to obtain the total irrigation quantity recommended in the irrigation decision result: Wherein, I rec is the total irrigation amount suggested in the irrigation decision result, I leach is the water demand for leaching, which represents leaching salt and the additional irrigation amount is added, I eff is the effective irrigation amount meeting the growth of crops, eta is the utilization rate of irrigation water, and different irrigation modes have differences.
8. Irrigation decision-making device based on solar terms and soil moisture balance model, characterized by comprising: The acquisition module is used for acquiring time sequence weather data and actual evapotranspiration data, and analyzing crop weather period and weather characteristic data corresponding to each solar term in the specified solar term data based on the specified solar term data and the time sequence weather data; The determining module is used for determining the optimal soil water content of crops in different solar terms according to the crop waiting period; The calculation module is used for correcting the most suitable soil water content by combining the rainfall characteristics corresponding to the solar terms in the meteorological characteristic data to obtain the reference soil water content corresponding to each solar term of crops, taking the actual evaporation amount data, the actual effective precipitation amount and the irrigation amount as the consumption and the increment of the water in the soil, simulating the change data of the field soil water content in real time by utilizing a soil water dynamic balance model, and calculating the residual effective water amount in the daily soil based on the change data of the field soil water content; The judging module is used for calculating irrigation frequency according to the rainfall characteristic corresponding to the solar terms and judging whether to execute irrigation according to the irrigation frequency and the current residual effective water quantity; and the generation module is used for dynamically generating an irrigation decision result according to the difference data between the actual soil water content and the reference soil water content corresponding to the solar terms if irrigation is executed, and feeding the irrigation quantity in the irrigation decision result back to the soil moisture dynamic balance model as the new increase quantity of the moisture in the soil.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the method of any of the preceding claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

Description

Irrigation decision-making method and device based on solar terms and soil moisture balance model Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of irrigation data processing, in particular to an irrigation decision method and device based on a solar term and soil moisture balance model. Background At present, irrigation decisions not only directly determine the yield and quality of crops, but also balance the key of water resource utilization and agricultural sustainable development, and accurate irrigation can effectively save water resources so as to improve the yield of crops, and finally guarantee the income and grain safety of the agricultural industry. The conventional irrigation decision method is mainly based on a historical experience method, wherein the historical experience method is a traditional physical agriculture system guided by experience, however, as a qualitative experience paradigm, the conventional irrigation decision method cannot better meet the requirements of modern agriculture on precision and dynamics, and lacks real-time and quantitative data support on farmland environment, and the method cannot acquire accurate water demand of crops, so that irrigation accuracy is reduced. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an irrigation decision method and device based on a solar term and soil moisture balance model, so as to solve the technical problem of reduced irrigation accuracy. In a first aspect, the present application provides an irrigation decision method based on a model of solar terms and soil moisture balance, the method comprising: Acquiring time sequence meteorological data and actual evapotranspiration data, and analyzing crop weather periods and meteorological characteristic data corresponding to each solar term in the designated solar term data based on the designated solar term data and the time sequence meteorological data; Determining the optimal soil water content of crops in different solar terms according to the crop waiting period; Correcting the optimal soil water content by combining the rainfall characteristics corresponding to the solar terms in the meteorological characteristic data to obtain the reference soil water content corresponding to each solar term of crops, taking the actual evapotranspiration data and the actual effective precipitation and irrigation amount as the consumption and increase of water in the soil, simulating the change data of the field soil water content in real time by utilizing a soil water dynamic balance model, and calculating the residual effective water amount in the daily soil based on the change data of the field soil water content; calculating irrigation frequency according to the rainfall characteristic corresponding to the solar terms, and judging whether to execute irrigation or not according to the irrigation frequency and the current residual effective water quantity; And if irrigation is executed, dynamically generating an irrigation decision result according to difference data between the actual soil water content and the reference soil water content corresponding to the solar terms, and feeding back the irrigation quantity in the irrigation decision result to the soil water dynamic balance model as the new increase of the water in the soil. In one possible implementation, the analyzing the crop weather and weather characteristic data corresponding to each solar term in the specified solar term data based on the specified solar term data and the time-series weather data includes: converting successive dates and times into a target time series in units of throttle based on a time series frame on which twenty-four throttles in the specified throttle data are based; Dividing an agricultural ecological area by taking a region as a unit based on geographic difference data and cultivation rule data, and taking the agricultural ecological area as a basic space unit; Selecting target crops in each basic space unit, positioning the weathers of the crops to the throttles in the target time sequence by taking the weathers of the crops as references through correlation analysis so as to determine the weathers distribution of different throttles and obtain a first corresponding map among the areas, the crops, the throttles and the weathers; Integrating historical daily meteorological data according to the frame of the target time sequence, and respectively counting historical values of all meteorological elements in each solar term based on the basic space unit to obtain a second corresponding map among areas, solar terms and meteorological features; and determining the crop weather period and weather characteristic data corresponding to each solar term based on the first corresponding map and the second corresponding map. In one possible implementation, the correcting process is performed on the most suitable soil moisture content by combining precipitation characteristics corresponding to solar ter