CN-122020820-A - Directional drilling track dynamic design and regulation method for pressure relief of coal seam roof

CN122020820ACN 122020820 ACN122020820 ACN 122020820ACN-122020820-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground directional drilling, and discloses a dynamic design and regulation method of a directional drilling track for pressure relief of a coal seam roof. The method comprises the steps of integrating engineering arrangement and geological conditions and determining a roadway support scheme. An initial model comprising drilling tracks, drilling rod mechanical properties and drilling process parameters is established, and the initial model and geological engineering data are input into a pre-constructed drilling rod track dynamics and rock mass mechanical coupling action analysis model together to dynamically generate drilling track prediction, rock stratum acting force and deviation data. And calculating errors of the actual track and the target track according to the predicted data, and regulating and controlling drilling process parameters in real time based on the errors and a preset optimization control algorithm to form closed-loop dynamic control. The method improves the prediction precision and the control intelligence level of the drilling track in the complex stratum, and ensures the pressure relief engineering effect.

Inventors

Cui Zhaobo
LEI YANG
ZHANG XINCHENG
WANG YANQING
ZHANG QIANG
DU JIYONG
Qiao Tai
HAN SHUAI
LI JIANJIAN
Wang Jiakong

Assignees

鄂托克前旗长城三号矿业有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260413

Claims (10)

1. The method for dynamically designing and regulating the directional drilling track for the pressure relief of the coal seam roof is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Acquiring engineering arrangement parameters including working face space coordinates, roadway trend, trend azimuth and horizon elevation by researching working face specific positions and roadway arrangement; According to engineering geology and hydrogeology exploration results, further acquiring geological structure conditions in the working face and the influence area range thereof; determining a working face roadway tunneling supporting scheme comprising a roadway excavation section, an anchor rod and anchor cable supporting form, initial supporting density and a roadway surface displacement allowable value by combining the engineering arrangement parameters and the geological structure conditions; Establishing a drilling construction initial model comprising drilling space tracks, drilling rod mechanical properties and drilling process parameters, and inputting the engineering arrangement parameters, the geological structure conditions, the working face roadway tunneling support scheme and the drilling construction initial model into a pre-constructed drilling rod track dynamics and rock mass mechanical coupling action analysis model to generate track dynamic prediction data comprising drilling track prediction paths, rock stratum interaction forces, drill bit deflection angles and drilling actual track deviations; and calculating the error between the actual trajectory deviation of the drilling hole and the expected pressure relief target trajectory according to the trajectory dynamic prediction data, and adjusting drilling process parameters in real time based on the error and a preset trajectory optimization control algorithm.
2. The method for dynamically designing and controlling directional drilling trajectories for pressure relief of a roof of a coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining engineering layout parameters including working face space coordinates, roadway trend, trend azimuth and horizon elevation by studying working face specific positions and roadway layout comprises the steps of: reading and recording the space three-dimensional coordinates of the boundary of the working face by analyzing the plan view and the geological section view of the mining engineering; Measuring the extending direction of the central line of the roadway, and calculating the azimuth angle and true dip angle of the trend of the roadway; determining the level elevation and the average thickness of the coal bed where the working face is positioned according to the contour diagram and the drilling histogram of the coal bed bottom plate; And integrating the working face space coordinates, the roadway trend azimuth, the roadway true dip angle, the horizon elevation and the average thickness of the coal seam to form an engineering arrangement parameter data set containing position, direction and horizon information.
3. The method for dynamically designing and controlling directional drilling trajectories for roof pressure relief of a coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the further obtaining geological conditions within the working surface and its affected area according to engineering geology and hydrogeological exploration results comprises: the geological structure conditions comprise top and bottom plate lithology, stratum inclination angle, fault distribution, crack development degree, ground stress field direction and main stress magnitude; Collecting and analyzing regional geological exploration reports, core cataloging data of constructed drilling holes and geophysical exploration data; identifying and marking a main fault position, fault properties and fault distances in the range of the working face and the influence area thereof; Counting lithology, uniaxial compressive strength, integrity coefficient and fracture density of different rock formations; the ground stress is measured, and the direction of the maximum horizontal main stress, the maximum horizontal main stress and the vertical stress gradient are obtained; And summarizing fault distribution, lithology, stratum inclination angle, fracture development degree, ground stress field direction and main stress to form a structured geological structure condition data body.
4. The method for dynamically designing and controlling directional drilling trajectories for roof pressure relief of coal seams according to claim 1, wherein said determining a face tunnelling support scheme including a tunnel excavation section, a bolt and cable support form, an initial support density and a tunnel surface displacement allowance by combining said engineering arrangement parameters and said geological structure conditions comprises: inputting the shape and the size of the section of the roadway in the engineering arrangement parameters and the rock strength and the ground stress in the geological structure condition into numerical simulation software, and constructing a roadway surrounding rock stability analysis model; Running the roadway surrounding rock stability analysis model, and calculating the plastic region range, the roof sinking amount and the two-side convergence amount of the surrounding rock under the non-supporting condition; According to the simulation calculation result, selecting the type of the anchor rod, determining the length of the anchor rod, the diameter of the anchor rod, the row spacing between the anchor rods, the arrangement mode of anchor cables and the pretightening force; And checking the safety of the working face roadway tunneling support scheme by combining engineering analogy with theoretical calculation, and finally forming a quantitative support design containing specific specification parameters and arrangement modes of the support members.
5. The method for dynamically designing and controlling directional drilling trajectories for pressure relief of a roof of a coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the creating of the initial model of drilling operations including drilling space trajectories, drill pipe mechanical properties, and drilling process parameters comprises: designing a theoretical drilling axis from an opening point to a target area according to the space position of the pressure relief target area, and defining a drilling space track comprising well depth, well oblique angle and azimuth angle; according to the material, the outer diameter, the wall thickness and the length of the drill rod, calculating the axial rigidity, the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the drill rod; setting an initial weight on bit range, an initial rotating speed range, an initial tool face angle range and an initial slurry pump pressure range in the drilling process as initial setting values of drilling process parameters; and carrying out parameterization packaging on the drilling space track, the mechanical property of the drill rod and the initial set value of the drilling process parameter to construct a drilling construction initial model.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating trajectory dynamic prediction data comprising a predicted trajectory path, formation interaction forces, bit deflection angles, and actual trajectory deviations comprises: in the analysis model of the coupling action of drill rod track dynamics and rock mass mechanics, a drill rod is scattered into a series of beam units, and different lithologic strata are regarded as contact bodies with different mechanical properties; In the simulation time step, calculating the contact force on the contact surface of the drill bit and the current rock stratum, the buckling deformation of the drill rod under the restraint of drilling fluid and the hole wall and the vibration response of the drill string system; solving the resultant force direction of the drill bit according to the comprehensive action of the contact force, buckling deformation and vibration response, updating the space position of the drill bit and the tool face angle of the next time step according to the resultant force direction, and performing iterative calculation to form a continuous drilling track prediction path; The real-time output comprises three-dimensional coordinates of each calculated point on the track prediction path, interaction force of the drill bit and the rock stratum, deflection angle of the drill bit and track dynamic prediction data of deviation amount relative to a theoretical track.
7. The method for dynamically designing and controlling a directional drilling trajectory for pressure relief of a roof of a coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the calculating an error between the actual trajectory deviation of the drilling and an expected pressure relief target trajectory according to the trajectory dynamic prediction data, and adjusting drilling process parameters in real time based on the error and a preset trajectory optimization control algorithm comprises: extracting an actual measured well inclination angle and an actual measured azimuth angle corresponding to the current well depth from actual drilling parameters and drilling track measurement data monitored in real time by an on-site sensor; reading a predicted well inclination angle and a predicted azimuth angle corresponding to the well depth from the track dynamic predicted data, and calculating well inclination angle deviation and azimuth angle deviation between an actual measured value and the predicted value; Inputting well deviation angle deviation and azimuth deviation into a track optimization control algorithm based on an adaptive control theory, wherein a control rule base for mapping the track deviation into process parameter adjustment quantity is arranged in the track optimization control algorithm; and generating an adjustment quantity for the drilling pressure, an adjustment quantity for the rotating speed, an adjustment quantity for the tool face angle and an adjustment quantity for the slurry pump pressure according to the output of the control rule library, and forming a new drilling process parameter instruction set.
8. The method for dynamic design and tuning of directional drilling trajectories for roof pressure relief of a coal seam of claim 1, further comprising: Inputting the drilling process parameters after the real-time adjustment to a field drilling machine control system, driving a drilling machine to execute a new drilling instruction, and synchronously collecting actual drilling parameters and drilling track measurement data monitored by a field sensor in real time; The actual drilling parameters and drilling track measurement data are transmitted back to the drill rod track dynamics and rock mass mechanics coupling action analysis model, the track dynamic prediction data are updated, and a closed-loop control flow based on real-time monitoring feedback is formed; And continuously comparing the actual trajectory deviation of the drill hole with a preset allowable error range in the running process of a closed-loop control flow, triggering a trajectory correction mechanism when the actual trajectory deviation of the drill hole exceeds the preset allowable error range, and recalculating and outputting a new drilling process parameter adjustment instruction through a trajectory optimization control algorithm by combining the latest geological structure condition data and the actual drilling parameters monitored in real time.
9. The method for dynamically designing and controlling directional drilling trajectories for roof pressure relief of coal seams according to claim 8, wherein the step of inputting the real-time adjusted drilling process parameters to a field drilling machine control system to drive a drilling machine to execute new drilling instructions and synchronously collecting real drilling parameters and drilling trajectory measurement data monitored in real time by a field sensor comprises the steps of: Transmitting a drilling process parameter instruction set containing a new weight on bit set value, a new rotating speed set value, a new tool face angle set value and a new mud pump pressure set value to a programmable logic controller of the drilling machine through an industrial communication protocol; The programmable logic controller analyzes the instruction and drives the drilling machine hydraulic system, the top drive system and the slurry pump system to execute corresponding actions; And the sensors arranged on the drilling machine, the drill rod and the measurement instrument while drilling are used for collecting and uploading hook load, rotary table torque, vertical pipe pressure, real logging bevel angle, measured azimuth angle and tool face angle data in real time to form actual drilling parameters and drilling track measurement data flow.
10. The method for dynamically designing and controlling a directional drilling trajectory for roof pressure relief of a coal seam according to claim 8, wherein the continuously comparing the actual drilling trajectory deviation with a preset allowable error range during the operation of the closed-loop control process, and triggering a trajectory correction mechanism when the actual drilling trajectory deviation exceeds the preset allowable error range, comprises: setting an allowable well inclination angle maximum error threshold and an azimuth angle maximum error threshold as preset allowable error ranges; In each data feedback period, comparing the current well deviation angle deviation and the current azimuth angle deviation obtained through real-time calculation with a well deviation angle maximum error threshold value and an azimuth angle maximum error threshold value respectively; if the current well deviation angle is larger than the well deviation angle maximum error threshold value or the current azimuth deviation angle is larger than the azimuth angle maximum error threshold value, immediately triggering a track correction mechanism; The track correction mechanism calls a track optimization control algorithm, fuses latest received geological structure condition updating data and current actual drilling parameters, re-executes process parameter optimization calculation, and generates and issues a group of drilling process parameter adjustment instructions with strong intervention so as to correct the drilling track.

Description

Directional drilling track dynamic design and regulation method for pressure relief of coal seam roof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of underground directional drilling, in particular to a method for dynamically designing and regulating a directional drilling track for pressure relief of a coal seam roof. Background The pressure relief directional drilling of the roof under the coal mine is a key technology for preventing and controlling strong mine pressure disasters. In the prior art, the design of drilling tracks is mainly based on static geological exploration data and engineering drawings, and geometric path planning is completed before construction. In the construction process, track control relies on experience of drillers, actual track of drilling is known through periodical inclination measurement, and when track deviation design is found, drilling parameters are manually adjusted to correct the deviation. This is an open loop or passive feedback mode of "design-construction-monitoring-hysteresis correction". The prior art solutions have drawbacks. The static design fails to fully consider the flexible deformation and vibration of the drill string in the drilling process and the complex interaction of the drill string with different lithology and structures, so that the theoretical track and the actual extension path of the drill hole have larger deviation, and the prediction precision is insufficient. Depending on experience and a hysteresis deviation correction mode, the track control response is slow, the accuracy is low, drilling cannot accurately enter a preset pressure relief target layer under complex geological conditions, the pressure relief effect is weakened, and even new stress concentration can be possibly caused. The core problem to be solved by the invention is how to realize the accurate prediction of the actual extension behavior of the drilling hole in the rock stratum, and how to combine the prediction with the real-time monitoring to form an active and accurate track control mechanism, thereby ensuring that the pressure relief drilling hole can dynamically adapt to geological conditions and always reach a target area along an optimal path. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for dynamically designing and regulating a directional drilling track for releasing pressure of a coal seam roof so as to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for dynamically designing and regulating and controlling a directional drilling track for pressure relief of a coal seam roof, which comprises the following steps: Acquiring engineering arrangement parameters including working face space coordinates, roadway trend, trend azimuth and horizon elevation by researching working face specific positions and roadway arrangement; According to engineering geology and hydrogeology exploration results, further acquiring geological structure conditions in the working face and the influence area range thereof; determining a working face roadway tunneling supporting scheme comprising a roadway excavation section, an anchor rod and anchor cable supporting form, initial supporting density and a roadway surface displacement allowable value by combining the engineering arrangement parameters and the geological structure conditions; Establishing a drilling construction initial model comprising drilling space tracks, drilling rod mechanical properties and drilling process parameters, and inputting the engineering arrangement parameters, the geological structure conditions, the working face roadway tunneling support scheme and the drilling construction initial model into a pre-constructed drilling rod track dynamics and rock mass mechanical coupling action analysis model to generate track dynamic prediction data comprising drilling track prediction paths, rock stratum interaction forces, drill bit deflection angles and drilling actual track deviations; and calculating the error between the actual trajectory deviation of the drilling hole and the expected pressure relief target trajectory according to the trajectory dynamic prediction data, and adjusting drilling process parameters in real time based on the error and a preset trajectory optimization control algorithm. Preferably, the step of obtaining engineering layout parameters including working face space coordinates, roadway trend, trend azimuth and horizon elevation by researching working face specific positions and roadway layout comprises the following steps: reading and recording the space three-dimensional coordinates of the boundary of the working face by analyzing the plan view and the geological section view of the mining engineering; Measuring the extending direction of the central line of the roadway, and calculating the azimuth angle and true dip angle of the trend of the roadway; determining the level elevation and the a