CN-122021054-A - Radio frequency multi-beam antenna design method based on multi-objective optimization

Abstract

The invention discloses a radio frequency multi-beam antenna design method based on multi-objective optimization, which comprises the following steps of S1, setting design requirement parameters of a satellite-borne antenna system, S2, establishing an antenna structure and electromagnetic performance parameter model, constructing a corresponding beam forming network model, S3, determining an array configuration mode, combining series feed and parallel feed, enabling subarrays to achieve phase synthesis through a Butler matrix, S4, constructing a multi-objective optimization model, enabling objective functions to cover gain, interval, coverage, coupling and deployment, S5, calculating subarray layout and feed configuration parameters, completing preliminary design, S6, designing a deployable mechanism, ensuring folding and on-orbit deployment locking before transmission, S7, conducting electromagnetic simulation, verifying beam performance, S8, evaluating simulation results, returning to optimization if the simulation results are not met, and outputting a final design scheme if the simulation results are met. The invention integrates a multi-target optimization and unfolding structure, and realizes the efficient design and deployment of the microsatellite multi-beam antenna.

Inventors

• WANG LEI
• WANG KEPING
• MAO JIAXUAN
• CAI LINGFENG

Assignees

• 北京蓝凌星通科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260313

Claims (8)

1. 1. The design method of the radio frequency multi-beam antenna based on multi-objective optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, setting design requirement parameters of a satellite-borne antenna system, wherein the design requirement parameters comprise a beam coverage area, an antenna gain value, an antenna array size, space limitation conditions of a satellite-borne platform and multi-target performance indexes; S2, establishing a parameter model of a radio frequency antenna structure and electromagnetic performance, wherein the parameter model comprises microstrip array structure parameters, subarray arrangement forms, a feed network structure and a phase control mode thereof, and establishing a corresponding beam forming network model; S3, determining a unit configuration mode of the multi-beam antenna array, setting the array as series feed arrangement along one direction and parallel feed arrangement along the other direction to form a plurality of subarrays, and enabling each subarray to realize phase synthesis of independent beams through a multi-channel Butler matrix; S4, constructing a multi-target optimization model according to a set objective function, wherein the objective function comprises performance constraint items of beam gain maximization, beam interval uniformity, antenna effective coverage maximization, coupling minimization among subarrays and structural expansion realizability; S5, calculating based on an optimization model to obtain space layout parameters, feed phase configuration parameters and Butler matrix topological structures of each subarray antenna unit, and performing primary design on electromagnetic characteristic parameters of the multi-beam array system; S6, designing an expandable mechanism of the spaceborne antenna, wherein the expandable mechanism comprises a substrate structure for fixing an antenna array surface, an expandable arm assembly with multi-section hinge, a compression release device and a limiting locking unit; S7, electromagnetic performance simulation is carried out on the antenna structure obtained in the step S5 in a software simulation environment, and whether the beam pattern, the main lobe gain, the beam cross phase consistency, the reflection coefficient and the axial ratio performance meet set indexes or not is verified; And S8, evaluating whether the current antenna structure meets all target constraints according to the simulation result, if not, updating design parameters, returning to the step S4 for re-optimization, and if so, outputting a final multi-beam antenna design scheme.
2. 2. The method for designing a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises: S21, constructing a three-dimensional structure parameter model for describing a radio frequency multi-beam antenna system, wherein the model comprises an array antenna unit arrangement mode, a subarray division scheme, a substrate size and relative position information of each unit, and dividing the array into a plurality of functional subarrays, wherein each subarray is provided with an independent feed inlet and a structure positioning reference; S22, selecting microstrip patches as radiating units according to the set array structure, setting the working frequency, the polarization direction, the thickness of a dielectric layer, the dielectric constant, the loss tangent and the grounding structure attribute of the microstrip patches, and determining the length, the width and the spacing parameters of each patch based on space limiting conditions; s23, setting a feed structure of each subarray according to functional division of a series feed direction and a parallel feed direction, wherein the series feed direction adopts a coupling guide rail structure to construct a voltage transmission path, and the parallel feed direction is provided with an independent input port for each subarray group; S24, constructing a beam forming network model, and configuring an internal electric coupler, a symmetrical phase shifter and a cross connection structure by adopting a four-port or multi-port Butler matrix architecture; S25, integrating the antenna array structure model and the beam forming network model to form a combined structure model for subsequent multi-objective optimization calculation and performance simulation, and establishing a parameter mapping relation.
3. 3. The method for designing a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises: S31, dividing the multi-beam array antenna into a plurality of subarrays according to the main axis direction, wherein each subarray comprises a preset number of microstrip radiating units, the subarrays in the main axis direction are kept at uniform intervals, and the whole array is in a rectangular topological structure; s32, carrying out single-channel energy transmission configuration in each sub-array along the main shaft direction by adopting a series feed structure, setting a feed circuit path to symmetrically extend from the center to two ends, and sequentially connecting all microstrip units to form a linear feed link, wherein the series feed structure is provided with power distribution nodes to regulate and control the output power ratio; S33, setting a plurality of parallel subarrays in a minor axis direction perpendicular to the series feed direction, and connecting main feed ports of all subarrays to a beam forming network to form a multichannel input interface; S34, respectively connecting feed ports corresponding to the subarrays to the output ends of a Butler matrix network, wherein the Butler matrix comprises a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports, and the feed ports are physically connected by adopting a radio frequency coaxial connection mode or an impedance matching transition structure; s35, setting a spatial arrangement scheme between subarrays and a beam forming network in the antenna structure modeling process, and optimizing the length of a radio frequency cable, the routing path and the position of a connector; s36, the physical combination configuration of the multi-subarray array structure and the multi-channel feed network is completed, and an integrated structure of the multi-beam antenna array plane and the beam synthesis module is generated.
4. 4. The method for designing a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises: s41, establishing a multi-target optimization model for describing the design performance of the radio frequency multi-beam antenna, and setting a target function set, wherein the target function set comprises main lobe direction accuracy maximization, beam cross interference minimization, main lobe gain improvement, beam interval uniformity optimization, effective coverage area expansion, subarray coupling degree inhibition, structure weight minimization and deployment mechanism stability improvement; s42, extracting corresponding parameter dimensions including antenna unit spacing, subarray layout form, feed phase configuration, beam forming network coupling structure, grounding layer size, electromagnetic shielding position, structural support strength and material parameters aiming at each objective function; S43, setting constraint condition sets, including physical size limitation of an antenna array surface, upper limit of a deployable space of a satellite platform, attitude limitation of a star, expansion angle limitation of an antenna, wiring channel capacity of a feed network and boundary conditions of a manufacturing process; s44, selecting a multi-objective optimization algorithm as a solving strategy, defining an optimization variable search space, setting an initialized population or a sample solution set, and performing individual selection, intersection, variation, local search or gradient update operation through multiple iterations; s45, in each round of optimization, generating a corresponding antenna structure model and electromagnetic characteristic model for each group of candidate design solutions, calling a modeling module and a simulation solving module to calculate performance index values, and completing fitness evaluation and good and bad sequencing according to objective function values and constraint conditions; and S46, continuing the iterative optimization process until a preset convergence criterion is met, extracting a pareto optimal solution set, and screening multi-beam antenna design solutions meeting key indexes of gain, coverage, size, structure and weight.
5. 5. The method for designing a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 specifically comprises: S51, determining unit arrangement parameters of the array antenna according to an optimization result, wherein the unit arrangement parameters comprise the arrangement number, the transverse and longitudinal spacing, the subarray division mode and the relative arrangement sequence of microstrip patch units; S52, setting a port configuration mode corresponding to each subarray according to the selected feed network structure, correspondingly connecting output ports of the Butler matrix with subarray input ports one by one, and establishing a multichannel feed path mapping relation; S53, setting internal structural parameters of a Butler matrix, including a coupling ratio of a directional coupler, a phase shift value of a phase shifter, a path topology structure between ports and a power distribution ratio; S54, structural integration of the radio frequency network and the antenna array is completed, a signal interface, an electric connection structure and an impedance transition form are designed, and a radio frequency coaxial connector or a microstrip line transition section is configured for physical connection; s55, setting the relative position between the beam synthesis module and the array antenna module, and adjusting the packaging size and the extraction mode of the network module according to the wiring length, the space constraint and the installation interface; S56, generating a complete multi-beam antenna structure model, wherein the model comprises an array antenna geometric structure, a feed network circuit model, subarray excitation configuration parameters and a signal path topology.
6. 6. The method for designing a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 specifically comprises: s61, designing a mechanism system for on-orbit unfolding of the satellite-borne antenna array, setting the folding structure layout of the antenna before unfolding, and distributing the antenna array surface around a star side plate to form a folding state capable of being pressed and locked; S62, arranging a multi-section linkage unfolding arm assembly on the back of each antenna subarray, wherein each section of unfolding arm is connected through a hinge joint to form a mechanical hinge structure, and the multi-section linkage unfolding arm assembly has the functions of limiting a preset unfolding track and a locking angle; S63, configuring a limiting structure and a reset elastic element for each unfolding arm, and keeping the antenna array closely attached to the star side plate in the launching stage to limit unexpected vibration or displacement; S64, setting a compaction release device, wherein the compaction release device comprises a locking pin, a release spring and a release mechanism triggering unit, triggering the release mechanism through a timer, an electric signal or a thermal cutting mode after transmitting, releasing a compaction state and releasing the antenna array; S65, designing a locking clamping component for locking the space position of the antenna array surface after the expansion is finished; s66, in the deployment process of the deployment mechanism, the overall structure integrated model of the deployment arm, the base plate, the connecting piece, the clamping device and the release structure is completed by comprehensively considering the structure strength, the assembly process, the central symmetry and the deployment interference relation; s67, completing system design of the satellite-borne antenna unfolding structure, and outputting an antenna array folding state diagram, an unfolding working state diagram and a mechanism connection topological diagram.
7. 7. The method for designing a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step S7 specifically comprises: S71, importing the antenna structure model constructed in the step S5 and the step S6 and the beam forming network structure model into a simulation modeling environment, and establishing a complete three-dimensional simulation model of the multi-beam antenna system; s72, setting simulation boundary conditions and solver parameters, including an excitation mode, a frequency band range, a port type, a simulation grid density, an electromagnetic solving algorithm type and a solving precision threshold; s73, aiming at the multi-channel excitation situation, sequentially setting input excitation phase and amplitude parameters of each beam port, and simulating independent excitation scenes of each beam in an actual working state; S74, electromagnetic simulation solving is carried out, and far field patterns, main lobe directions, main lobe gains, side lobe levels, beam widths, beam intersection angles, axial ratios, reflection losses and port isolation performance indexes of each beam in the working frequency band are extracted; S75, analyzing orthogonality, gain uniformity, beam overlapping area and blind area distribution characteristics among beam patterns, and evaluating the integrity and balance of beam coverage; S76, systematically evaluating the overall radiation efficiency, front-to-back ratio, directional stability, polarization performance and electromagnetic compatibility characteristics of the antenna, and outputting a simulation report and a multi-dimensional performance index map; And S77, establishing a corresponding mapping between the simulation result and the design parameter, and judging whether the current structure meets the preset target index.
8. 8. The method for designing a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step S8 specifically comprises: S81, receiving electromagnetic simulation results and performance index data output in the step S7, and comprehensively analyzing parameters of wave beam gain, direction precision, wave beam interval, reflection coefficient, port isolation, structural size and weight in the simulation results; S82, comparing the objective function and the constraint conditions set in the step S4, and judging whether the current antenna structure simultaneously meets all key performance indexes and engineering realization conditions, including coverage integrity, beam direction symmetry, structural stability and deployment realizability; S83, if the judgment result is that the target index is not met, recording the current design parameters and the corresponding simulation performance, returning to the step S4 to update the optimization variables, regenerating the design scheme and entering a new round of structure reconstruction and simulation flow; S84, if the judgment result is that all target indexes are met, solidifying the current design solution, and outputting the optimal parameter configuration of the multi-beam antenna structure, wherein the optimal parameter configuration comprises array unit arrangement parameters, subarray structure forms, beam forming network structures, excitation configuration schemes and mechanism size layout; S85, generating a final design document and a structural assembly drawing, wherein the final design document and the structural assembly drawing comprise a radio frequency subsystem wiring diagram, an antenna array packaging diagram, an unfolding mechanism assembly diagram and a performance parameter table; S86, outputting the optimized final multi-beam antenna design scheme.

Description

Radio frequency multi-beam antenna design method based on multi-objective optimization Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency communication and antenna design, in particular to a radio frequency multi-beam antenna design method based on multi-objective optimization. Background In modern microsatellite communication systems, the antenna is used as a key signal transceiver to directly determine the data transmission capability and communication coverage effect between the satellite and the ground. According to the basic electromagnetic theory of the antenna, the antenna gain and the beam width are in a negative correlation relationship, namely, the higher the antenna gain is, the narrower the beam is, the smaller the coverage angle is, otherwise, the beam is widened when the gain is reduced, the coverage area is increased, but the communication distance and the signal intensity are limited. This contradiction between "high gain-wide coverage" is a major bottleneck in current satellite-borne communication antenna designs. In order to improve the communication efficiency, an intuitive way is to use a plurality of independent antennas or phased array structures to realize multi-beam coverage capability, but such schemes often bring about significant increases in the volume, weight and power consumption of the antenna system, which are not suitable for microsatellite platforms that are extremely sensitive to structural size and power consumption. In the prior art, partial satellite-borne multi-beam antennas attempt to form a plurality of space beams by introducing a lens antenna, a reflecting surface system or a high-order phased array network, and although the structures have certain progress in beam performance, three prominent problems generally exist in the system implementation level, namely, the whole structure is huge, the requirement of micro-nano satellites on compact space utilization cannot be met, the partial phase control scheme needs a large number of active devices, the power consumption is high, the thermal management is complex, the reliability and the service life of the satellite-borne system are seriously influenced, and the problems of asymmetric coverage, mutual interference or complex control exist among the multi-beams, so that stable, low-cost and deployable multi-beam communication capability is difficult to realize. In addition, in the traditional design process, only radiation performance optimization of an antenna array is often considered, and multi-objective balance among structural deployment, beam forming circuit integration and engineering realizability is ignored, so that the design scheme meets the standard in electromagnetic performance, but is difficult to apply to the landing of a spacecraft. Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a multi-objective optimization-based radio frequency multi-beam antenna design method, which is characterized in that an adjustable structure parameter model is built, a Butler matrix passive beam network and an expandable antenna structure are integrated, and a multi-objective optimization means is adopted to carry out global collaborative design, so that an adjustable adjustment relation is established among key performances such as beam gain, coverage area, structure volume, expansion realization and the like. Compared with the prior art, the method does not depend on a large-size reflector or a high-power-consumption active phase control module, but takes a planar microstrip array and a circuit-type beam network as cores, and has the advantages of compact structure, extremely low power consumption and strong adaptability. Through optimizing the antenna arrangement mode, the beam network connection structure and the on-orbit unfolding scheme, the design achieves the goal of completing the efficient generation of multiple beams in a limited space-borne space, solves the comprehensive bottleneck of the prior art in performance, structure, deployment and manufacturability, and remarkably improves the engineering feasibility and practical value of the microsatellite communication system. Therefore, how to provide a method for designing a multi-objective optimized rf multi-beam antenna is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Disclosure of Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-objective optimization-based rf multi-beam antenna design method, which integrates a multi-objective optimization method with an expandable antenna structure, combines microstrip array and Butler matrix beam network design, realizes a multi-beam rf antenna system with high gain, wide coverage, low power consumption and compact structure, is suitable for a micro satellite platform, and significantly improves design efficiency, deployment capability and engineering realizability of a satellite-borne communication antenna According to the embodiment of the invention, the radio fr