CN-122022567-A - Non-grain type protein source feed quality safety evaluation method

CN122022567ACN 122022567 ACN122022567 ACN 122022567ACN-122022567-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-grain type protein source feed quality safety evaluation method, which particularly relates to the technical field of feed detection, and comprises the steps of obtaining a non-grain type protein source feed sample, drying, crushing and homogenizing, detecting protein content and target amino acid composition, constructing a nutrition suitability scoring model, detecting lignin, tannin, gossypol and other anti-nutritional factors, calculating anti-nutritional risk scores based on limit values, detecting lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and other heavy metal content, generating heavy metal safety scores, detecting aflatoxin, vomitoxin, zearalenone and other biotoxin content, outputting the biotoxin safety scores, finally carrying out weighted calculation on the scores, constructing a comprehensive quality safety index model, and obtaining the quality safety grade of feed.

Inventors

XIN GUOSHENG
SONG SHUXIA
MA TAO
YANG WENZHI
Gao Qiaoxian

Assignees

宁夏大学
中国农业科学院饲料研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260120

Claims (8)

1. A non-grain type protein source feed quality safety evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: obtaining a target non-grain type protein source feed sample, and performing sample pretreatment including drying, crushing and homogenizing treatment; detecting the protein content and the amino acid composition of a sample to obtain the content of target amino acid; Matching and calculating amino acid composition data with an animal nutrition demand database, constructing a nutrition scoring model based on the matching degree, and generating a nutrition suitability scoring result; detecting the anti-nutritional factor content in the sample, including but not limited to lignin, tannin, gossypol, thioglucoside, solanine and colchicine; Based on the type and the content of the anti-nutritional factors, comparing the type and the content of the anti-nutritional factors with a reference safety limit value, constructing an anti-nutritional factor scoring model, and generating an anti-nutritional risk scoring result; detecting the heavy metal content in a sample, comparing the heavy metal content with a feed limit standard, constructing a heavy metal risk grade model, and generating a heavy metal safety score; detecting the content of biotoxin in a sample, including aflatoxin, vomitoxin, zearalenone and the like, constructing a toxin risk model based on the concentration value and an animal tolerance threshold, and outputting a biotoxin safety score; and carrying out weighted calculation on the nutrition suitability score, the anti-nutrition risk score, the heavy metal safety score and the biotoxin safety score, constructing a comprehensive quality safety index model, and outputting a quality safety evaluation result of the non-grain type protein source feed.
2. The method for evaluating the quality safety of a non-cereal protein source feed according to claim 1, wherein the step of matching the amino acid composition data with an animal nutrition requirement database to construct a nutrition scoring model based on the matching degree comprises the steps of: constructing an animal nutrition requirement database containing target animal species, amino acid types required by different growth stages and reference requirement amounts; carrying out standardized treatment on the obtained sample amino acid composition data; matching calculation is carried out on the content of each target amino acid in the sample and the nutrition demand of the animal by using a weighted similarity algorithm, and nutrition matching degree scores of each target amino acid are obtained; and constructing a weighted scoring model based on the nutrition matching degree score of each target amino acid and the nutrition importance weight thereof, calculating to obtain a nutrition suitability scoring result, and normalizing and outputting the nutrition suitability scoring result.
3. The method for evaluating the quality safety of a non-grain type protein source feed according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing an anti-nutritional factor scoring model based on the type of the anti-nutritional factor and the content thereof compared with a reference safety limit value comprises the steps of: Lignin, tannin, gossypol, thioglucoside, solanine and colchicine are respectively corresponding to the maximum allowable content threshold values of different animal species and growth stages; scaling the detected actual content of each anti-nutritional factor with a safety limit value to obtain a risk coefficient of each anti-nutritional factor, wherein the risk coefficient is defined as the ratio of the actual content to the corresponding safety limit value; Setting risk weights according to differences of the anti-nutritional factors on animal digestion inhibition and toxicity influence, and carrying out weighted calculation on the risk coefficients and the corresponding risk weights to obtain weighted risk values of the anti-nutritional factors; And summing the weighted risk values of all the anti-nutritional factors and performing interval normalization treatment to form an anti-nutritional risk score.
4. The method for evaluating the quality safety of a non-grain type protein source feed according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a heavy metal risk level model and generating a heavy metal safety score comprises the steps of: Quantitatively detecting lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in a sample to obtain actual content data of each heavy metal; Comparing the actual content data with the feed safety limit value corresponding to the target animal species and the growth stage one by one, and calculating the limit value ratio of each heavy metal, wherein the limit value ratio is defined as the ratio of the actual content to the corresponding safety limit value; Dividing each heavy metal into a safety grade, a warning grade and an overrun grade according to a limit value ratio interval, and constructing a heavy metal risk grade model based on risk coefficients corresponding to each grade; And carrying out weighted summarization on risk coefficients of all the heavy metals, carrying out interval normalization treatment, and outputting heavy metal safety scores.
5. The method for evaluating the quality safety of a non-grain protein source feed according to claim 1, wherein the step of outputting a biotoxin safety score comprises the steps of: Quantitatively detecting aflatoxin B1, vomitoxin and zearalenone in a sample to obtain actual concentration values of various biotoxins; recording the maximum tolerance concentration value of various animals to target toxin in different growth stages; Performing ratio conversion on the actual detection concentration and a corresponding animal tolerance threshold value to generate a toxin exposure coefficient, dividing the toxin exposure coefficient into low risk, medium risk and high risk grades according to an exposure coefficient interval, and setting a corresponding toxicity coefficient; and weighting and summarizing the toxicity coefficient and the toxicological weight of each toxin, and normalizing the interval to generate the biotoxin safety score.
6. The method for evaluating the quality safety of a non-grain type protein source feed according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a comprehensive quality safety index model and outputting the quality safety evaluation result of the non-grain type protein source feed comprises the steps of: Respectively obtaining nutrition suitability scores, anti-nutrition risk scores, heavy metal safety scores and biotoxin safety scores corresponding to target samples; Setting the evaluation weight of each scoring item, wherein the nutrition suitability scoring preferential weight is 0.4, and the anti-nutrition risk scoring, the heavy metal safety scoring and the biotoxin safety scoring weights are respectively 0.2, 0.2 and 0.2; Weighting and calculating the nutrition suitability score, the anti-nutrition risk score, the heavy metal safety score and the biotoxin safety score and the corresponding weights thereof to obtain a comprehensive quality safety index; and dividing the comprehensive quality safety index into three quality grades, namely high quality, usability and limitation, and forming a quality safety evaluation result of the final non-grain type protein source feed.
7. The method for evaluating the quality safety of a non-grain type protein source feed according to claim 1, wherein the sample pretreatment comprises the following steps: collecting target non-grain type protein source feed sample And drying for 6-12 hours at constant temperature until the mass change is less than 0.2%, then crushing the sample to a particle size range of 60-80 meshes by using a high-speed crusher, and uniformly mixing in a three-dimensional mixer for 5-10 minutes to obtain homogeneous powder.
8. The method for evaluating the quality safety of a non-grain type protein source feed according to claim 1, wherein the protein content is detected by a Kjeldahl method or a Dumas combustion method, the amino acid composition is detected by a high performance liquid chromatography or an automatic amino acid analyzer, and the detected target amino acids comprise lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine and tryptophan.

Description

Non-grain type protein source feed quality safety evaluation method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of feed detection and safety evaluation, in particular to a non-grain type protein source feed quality safety evaluation method. Background At present, along with the rapid development of livestock industry in China and the continuous improvement of the average protein consumption level, traditional feed resources (such as soybeans, corns and the like) face serious problems of shortage of supply, human and animal contention and the like. Especially, the annual import of soybeans in China is nearly 1 hundred million tons, most of the soybeans are used for protein feed, so that the external dependence is aggravated, the feed cost is greatly increased, and the national grain safety strategy target is threatened. For this reason, non-grain protein source feeds (e.g., woody plants, crop stalks, distillers byproducts, industrial byproducts, etc.) are important alternative resources. However, the protein source feed has obvious differences in nutrition structure and safety, and is characterized by the following problems: the protein structure composition is complex, the amino acid composition of the protein in the raw materials has low matching degree with animal nutrition requirements, poor digestion and absorption rate and low utilization efficiency; contains multiple anti-nutritional factors such as tannin, gossypol, thioglucoside, etc. for affecting animal intestinal health and nutrient absorption; Heavy metals and biotoxins have high pollution risks, such as lead, cadmium, aflatoxin, vomitoxin and the like often exceed safety limits, and have high potential hazard. At present, a set of systematic, scientific and accurate non-grain type protein source feed quality safety evaluation method is not available, so that the resources are obviously hindered in large-scale popularization and practical application. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a non-grain type protein source feed quality safety evaluation method, which aims to solve the defects in the background technology. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the quality safety evaluation method of the non-grain type protein source feed comprises the following steps: obtaining a target non-grain type protein source feed sample, and performing sample pretreatment including drying, crushing and homogenizing treatment; detecting the protein content and the amino acid composition of a sample to obtain the content of target amino acid; Matching and calculating amino acid composition data with an animal nutrition demand database, constructing a nutrition scoring model based on the matching degree, and generating a nutrition suitability scoring result; detecting the anti-nutritional factor content in the sample, including but not limited to lignin, tannin, gossypol, thioglucoside, solanine and colchicine; Based on the type and the content of the anti-nutritional factors, comparing the type and the content of the anti-nutritional factors with a reference safety limit value, constructing an anti-nutritional factor scoring model, and generating an anti-nutritional risk scoring result; detecting the heavy metal content in a sample, comparing the heavy metal content with a feed limit standard, constructing a heavy metal risk grade model, and generating a heavy metal safety score; detecting the content of biotoxin in a sample, including aflatoxin, vomitoxin, zearalenone and the like, constructing a toxin risk model based on the concentration value and an animal tolerance threshold, and outputting a biotoxin safety score; and carrying out weighted calculation on the nutrition suitability score, the anti-nutrition risk score, the heavy metal safety score and the biotoxin safety score, constructing a comprehensive quality safety index model, and outputting a quality safety evaluation result of the non-grain type protein source feed. Preferably, the step of matching the amino acid composition data to an animal nutrition requirement database to construct a nutrition scoring model based on the matching comprises: constructing an animal nutrition requirement database containing target animal species, amino acid types required by different growth stages and reference requirement amounts; carrying out standardized treatment on the obtained sample amino acid composition data; matching calculation is carried out on the content of each target amino acid in the sample and the nutrition demand of the animal by using a weighted similarity algorithm, and nutrition matching degree scores of each target amino acid are obtained; and constructing a weighted scoring model based on the nutrition matching degree score of each target amino acid and the nutrition importance weight thereof, calculating to obtain a nutrition suitability scoring result, and normalizing and outputting the nutrition suitabili