CN-122022715-A - Low-carbonization construction method for urban and rural buildings

CN122022715ACN 122022715 ACN122022715 ACN 122022715ACN-122022715-A

Abstract

The invention relates to an urban and rural building low-carbon construction method, which belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation transformation, and comprises the steps of S1, collecting basic information of project areas, carrying out accounting on a building full life cycle carbon emission baseline based on the data, definitely carrying out low-carbon target in stages, S2, firstly implementing passive energy-saving design, then carrying out active low-carbon system integration, finally eliminating design conflict through collaborative evaluation, S3, constructing an assembly type construction mode in an industrialized construction mode, reducing on-site carbon emission through construction process optimization, S4, constructing an energy management system based on Internet of things, realizing real-time monitoring, regulation and abnormal early warning of energy consumption and carbon emission, and S5, establishing a design-construction-operation closed-loop feedback mechanism, carrying out low-carbon effect evaluation and optimization adjustment.

Inventors

REN JUNJIE
HE FAN
WANG JIAN
MENG XI
FAN XU
YAO WANXIANG
YE DECAI
MA QINGSONG
YE HE
LIU CHAO
LI ZHEN

Assignees

德才装饰股份有限公司
青岛理工大学
青岛中房建筑设计院股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20251226

Claims (10)

1. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, acquiring basic information of a project area, establishing a multidimensional database, and calculating a building full life cycle carbon emission baseline by adopting a full life cycle evaluation method based on data of the basic information to clearly and definitely stage a low-carbon target; S2, adopting four-control-one cooperative design, firstly implementing passive energy-saving design, then integrating an active low-carbon system, and finally eliminating design conflict through cooperative evaluation; S3, constructing an industrialized construction mode by adopting an assembly type, implementing the whole process traceability management of the low-carbon material, and optimizing and reducing the carbon emission on site through a construction process; s4, constructing an energy management system based on the Internet of things, and realizing real-time monitoring, regulation and control and abnormality early warning of energy consumption and carbon emission; S5, establishing a design-construction-operation closed-loop feedback mechanism, and carrying out low-carbon effect evaluation and optimization adjustment by combining the carbon emission accounting in the step S1.
2. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method according to claim 1, wherein the full life cycle evaluation LCA method in the step S1 adopts a hierarchical LCA method, performs simulation comparison through a preset multi-scheme, and optimizes building function layout, space morphology and renewable energy access scheme; The method comprises the following steps: Equation (1); Wherein, the The total carbon emission is the total carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building; For implying the carbon emission, including the material production, transportation and construction stages, the calculation formula is: Equation (2); Wherein, the Is the first The amount of seed material; is the first A unit carbon emission factor of the seed material; is the first Mileage of seed material; Carbon emission factor for unit transportation mileage; Is the number of material types; in order to consider the difference of the climate fluctuation in the energy consumption behavior for the carbon emission in the operation stage, a dynamic accounting model is adopted, and the formula is as follows: Equation (3); Wherein, the Is the first Time period of Consumption of energy-like sources; is the first Time period of Carbon emission factor of the energy-like source; Is the operational age; the energy source type number; In order to remove the recycled carbon emission, the material recycling rate and the regeneration energy consumption are considered, and the calculation formula is as follows: Equation (4); Wherein, the Carbon emission for the demolition process base; is the first Recycling rate of seed materials; is the first The material is regenerated to utilize carbon emission reduction factors as compared to the original production.
3. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method according to claim 1, wherein the four controls in the four-control-one cooperative design in the step S2 comprise control construction, control materials, control energy and control carbon emission, and the one cooperation is overall control of the whole carbon emission through system cooperation in the whole process, so that a zero-carbon design route of the building is constructed.
4. The urban and rural construction low-carbonization construction method according to claim 1, wherein the passive energy-saving design in the step S2 adopts a climate adaptability optimization model, and comprises construction orientation optimization, window wall ratio dynamic optimization and sunshade system parameter design, wherein the construction orientation optimization is based on annual solar radiation intensity data of project areas, an optimal orientation angle is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm, and an objective function is as follows: equation (5); Wherein, the The main orientation angle of the building is set; The weight coefficient is utilized for solar energy; is the heat of solar radiation; The wind environment influence weight coefficient is as follows; the heat loss value of the enclosure structure; window wall ratio dynamic optimization sets a window wall ratio constraint interval according to heat transfer coefficients and solar heat gain coefficients of different directions, and the window wall ratio constraint interval is expressed as: Equation (6); Wherein, the Is the first Maximum allowable window wall ratio for each orientation; is the first The amount of allowable heat transfer for each orientation; is the first The heat transfer coefficient faces the enclosure structure; temperature difference is calculated for the indoor and outdoor equipment; is the first The wall areas of the faces; is the first Solar heat gain coefficient towards window; is the first Solar radiation intensity of each orientation; The parameter design of the sunshade system aims at different orientations, a fixed sunshade scheme and a movable sunshade scheme are combined, and the movable sunshade scheme is based on real-time solar altitude angle and irradiance, so that the sunshade device is automatically unfolded.
5. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method according to claim 4, wherein the active low-carbon system integration in the step S2 adopts a multi-energy complementary optimization model, a solar photovoltaic system and/or a geothermal energy system of the multi-energy complementary optimization model; Wherein, the Based on the available areas of building roofs and vertical faces, the solar photovoltaic system is designed, simulation optimization is carried out by adopting PVsyst software based on local solar irradiance data, the model number, the installation inclination angle and the series-parallel connection mode of the photovoltaic module are determined, and the following constraint conditions are met: equation (7); Wherein, the The installed capacity of the photovoltaic system is calculated; The conversion efficiency of the inverter; charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system; the daily electricity load of the building is used; The power supply guarantee rate of renewable energy sources is guaranteed; The geothermal energy system design is that a linear heat source model is adopted to calculate the heat exchange efficiency of the buried pipe: equation (8); Wherein, the Heat exchange amount of the buried pipe per unit length; Is the heat conductivity coefficient of the soil; The average temperature difference between the buried pipe and the soil; Is the soil diffusivity; Is run time; The outer diameter of the buried pipe is; Determining the length and arrangement distance of the buried pipe according to the heat exchange quantity of the buried pipe; in the collaborative evaluation to eliminate the design conflict, The conflict detection means adopts a building information model BIM and a collision detection, and based on the multi-dimensional database of S1, space collision among building components, structural components, heating and ventilation components and water supply and drainage components is detected; When a conflict is detected, the resolution strategy is as follows: Rule-based automatic digestion, negotiation and arbitration, and multi-domain expert negotiation; Based on the resolution policies, a collaboration platform is established and responsibilities are determined for the explicit inventory of interfaces.
6. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method according to claim 1, wherein step S3 specifically comprises: S31, based on the technical scheme generated in the step S1 and the step S2, the deep design and production scheduling of the assembled component are completed based on the existing standard and design requirement, and the component acceptance and assembly flow is executed; s32, constructing a two-dimensional code traceability system, realizing traceability of the whole flow information from production to construction of the low-carbon material, and ensuring that the low-carbon performance of the material reaches the standard through random spot inspection; s33, carding to simplify the construction process, installing an energy consumption metering device, and optimizing equipment dispatching.
7. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method according to claim 1, wherein the real-time monitoring and abnormality pre-warning in step S4 specifically comprises: S41, building a construction carbon emission real-time monitoring index system, wherein the construction carbon emission real-time monitoring index system comprises three indexes of material consumption intensity, equipment energy consumption intensity and waste emission intensity; S42, constructing a construction carbon emission early warning model, setting three-level early warning thresholds, triggering yellow early warning when the actual carbon emission exceeds the thresholds by 10% -20%, optimizing equipment scheduling, triggering orange early warning when the actual carbon emission exceeds the thresholds by 20% -30%, adjusting construction procedures, triggering red early warning when the actual carbon emission exceeds the thresholds by more than 30%, suspending high carbon emission operation, and making a special improvement scheme; s43, establishing a waste classification account, and determining the generation amount, recovery amount and regeneration purpose of various wastes.
8. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method according to claim 7, wherein the regulation in step S4 adopts a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and specifically comprises: Constructing an energy load prediction model, wherein input characteristics comprise historical energy consumption data, meteorological data, holiday factors and energy consumption behavior data, and constructing a multi-objective optimization function by taking the minimum energy consumption, the optimal comfort and the minimum carbon emission as targets: equation (9); Wherein, the Is the actual indoor temperature; To set the indoor temperature; Is the actual indoor relative humidity; And solving the optimal control parameters through a non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm to realize the dynamic optimization of the running state of the equipment.
9. The urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method according to claim 1, wherein step S5 specifically comprises: S51, uniformly designing, constructing and operating full-stage data standards, combining the carbon emission baseline of the step S1 and the construction dynamic monitoring and operation real-time data obtained in the steps, establishing data association mapping, and storing and analyzing the multi-source data of the step S1; S52, constructing a three-level index system of a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer based on full life cycle carbon emission accounting in the step S1, and calculating a comprehensive score through a weighted summation formula, and simultaneously, calculating a carbon emission reduction rate according to the low-carbon targets in each stage in the step S1, and quantitatively evaluating the completion degree of the low-carbon targets; and S53, carrying out phased targeting optimization according to the evaluation result of the step S52, periodically carrying out full-period evaluation, and updating the carbon emission accounting model and the evaluation index system according to the feedback result.
10. The urban and rural construction low-carbonization construction method according to claim 9, wherein the comprehensive score calculation formula in step S52 is: Equation (10); Wherein, the A criterion layer index sequence number; is an index sequence number of an index layer; Index weight is a criterion layer; is the first Under the individual criterion layer Weights of the individual index layers; is the first Under the individual criterion layer Actual scoring of the individual index layers; The calculation formula of the reduction rate of the carbon emission is as follows: Equation (11); Wherein, the Is the low carbon target baseline value in step S1; Is an actual value.

Description

Low-carbonization construction method for urban and rural buildings Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of energy-saving reconstruction of buildings, in particular to a low-carbonization construction method of urban and rural buildings. Background The total amount of carbon emissions in the building industry is continuously rising, wherein the carbon emissions in the operating stage are about 56.5% and the implicit carbon emissions are about 43.5%. The existing urban and rural building low-carbonization construction method has the defects of lack of full life cycle system planning, early evaluation and later operation disjointing, scattered application of low-carbon technology, no synergistic effect, rough control of carbon emission in the construction process, high energy consumption and large pollution in the traditional construction mode, and low intelligent level of energy management in the operation stage, and is difficult to realize accurate carbon reduction. Therefore, an integrated, intelligent, full-cycle low-carbon construction method is needed to solve the above technical problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a low-carbonization construction method for urban and rural buildings, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a low-carbonization construction method of urban and rural buildings, which comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring basic information of a project area, establishing a multidimensional database, and adopting a full life cycle evaluation method to calculate a full life cycle carbon emission baseline of a building based on the data to definitely stage a low-carbon target; S2, adopting four-control-one cooperative design, firstly implementing passive energy-saving design, then integrating an active low-carbon system, and finally eliminating design conflict through cooperative evaluation; S3, constructing an industrialized construction mode by adopting an assembly type, implementing the whole process traceability management of the low-carbon material, and optimizing and reducing the carbon emission on site through a construction process; s4, constructing an energy management system based on the Internet of things, and realizing real-time monitoring, regulation and control and abnormality early warning of energy consumption and carbon emission; S5, establishing a design-construction-operation closed-loop feedback mechanism, and carrying out low-carbon effect evaluation and optimization adjustment by combining the carbon emission accounting in the step S1. Preferably, the full life cycle evaluation LCA method in step S1 adopts a hierarchical LCA method, specifically: ; Wherein, the The total carbon emission is the total carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building; For implying the carbon emission, including the material production, transportation and construction stages, the calculation formula is: ; Wherein, the Is the firstThe amount of seed material; is the first A unit carbon emission factor of the seed material; is the first Mileage of seed material; Carbon emission factor for unit transportation mileage; Is the number of material types; in order to consider the difference of the climate fluctuation in the energy consumption behavior for the carbon emission in the operation stage, a dynamic accounting model is adopted, and the formula is as follows: ; Wherein, the Is the firstTime period ofConsumption of energy-like sources; is the first Time period ofCarbon emission factor of the energy-like source; Is the operational age; the energy source type number; In order to remove the recycled carbon emission, the material recycling rate and the regeneration energy consumption are considered, and the calculation formula is as follows: ; Wherein, the Carbon emission for the demolition process base; is the first Recycling rate of seed materials; is the first The material is regenerated to utilize carbon emission reduction factors as compared to the original production. Preferably, the four controls in the four-control-one cooperative design in the step S2 comprise control of construction, control materials, control energy and control of carbon emission, and the one cooperation is overall control of the whole carbon emission through system cooperation in the whole process, so that a zero-carbon design route of the building is constructed. Preferably, the passive energy-saving design in the step S2 adopts a climate adaptability optimization model, including building orientation optimization, window wall ratio dynamic optimization and sunshade system parameter design, the building orientation optimization is based on annual solar radiation intensity data of a project area, and adopts a genetic algorithm to solve an optimal orientation angle, and an objective function is: ; Wherein, the The main orientation angle of the building is set; The