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CN-122022831-A - Block chain supply chain traceability system based on edge computing nodes

CN122022831ACN 122022831 ACN122022831 ACN 122022831ACN-122022831-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blockchain supply chain traceability systems, and particularly relates to a blockchain supply chain traceability system based on edge computing nodes, which comprises a plurality of geographically distributed edge computing nodes, wherein each edge node is correspondingly arranged in different links of a supply chain, the edge nodes form P2P communication topology through network interconnection, a blockchain account book for products is commonly maintained, state and environmental data in the product circulation process are recorded in real time, and each node keeps the blockchain account book synchronous and consistent through a consensus protocol.

Inventors

  • Nasser Musa Faleher Mustafa
  • LI JIYANG

Assignees

  • 温州肯恩大学(Wenzhou-KeanUniversity)

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20251219

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing nodes is characterized by comprising a plurality of geographically distributed edge computing nodes, wherein each edge node is correspondingly arranged in different links of a supply chain, the edge nodes are interconnected through a network to form a P2P communication topology, a blockchain ledger for products is commonly maintained, state and environment data in the product circulation process are recorded in real time, and each node keeps the blockchain ledger synchronous and consistent through a consensus protocol.
  2. 2. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing node according to claim 1, wherein the hardware of the edge node is a device with network communication capability, computing capability and I/O interface, including but not limited to a raspberry group microcomputer, an industrial controller, an Arduino embedded development board, an ARM architecture development board, a high-end router, a IntelNUC microcomputer, an embedded industrial personal computer, an Internet of things gateway supporting Linux or a Cortex-M microcontroller carrying a real-time operating system.
  3. 3. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on edge computing nodes of claim 1, wherein the software architecture of each edge node comprises a data acquisition layer, a data processing and block generation layer, a network synchronization layer, and a storage presentation and application layer.
  4. 4. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing node of claim 3, wherein the data acquisition layer comprises an identification chip supporting the Internet of things, namely an RFID reading sub-module and an environmental data sensing sub-module; the RFID reading submodule is used for detecting a product identification carrier entering the node range and acquiring unique product identification codes and batch information, and the product identification carrier comprises, but is not limited to, an RFID tag, a two-dimensional code, a bar code or a UWB tag; the environment data sensing submodule is used for collecting environment parameters according to a preset time interval, wherein the environment parameters comprise temperature, humidity or vibration, gas components and inclination parameters which are additionally arranged according to the type of a product and the supervision requirement.
  5. 5. The block chain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing node of claim 3, wherein the data processing and block generating layer is used for processing the original data acquired by the data acquisition layer and generating a new block, and specifically comprises the steps of digitally signing the product identity data and the environment data by using a preset private key; Reading the hash of the latest block in the block chain account book as a preamble block abstract; packaging the preamble block abstract and the signature data to form a transaction to be uplink; The transaction is packed into a new chunk by a consensus algorithm, the new chunk including a chunk index, a timestamp, a signed data digest, a previous chunk hash value, and a self-hash.
  6. 6. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing node of claim 3, wherein the network synchronization layer comprises a P2P communication sub-module and a consensus voting sub-module; the P2P communication sub-module is used for broadcasting the generated new block to other related nodes; The consensus voting submodule is used for receiving blocks broadcasted by other nodes, verifying the validity of the digital signature, comparing the block hashes through voting to achieve consensus, and if chain bifurcation or data inconsistency is detected, triggering a block chain synchronization mechanism, and acquiring latest complete chain data from the nodes with the consensus chains to update.
  7. 7. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing node of claim 3, wherein the storage presentation and application layer comprises a local storage module and an information presentation module; The local storage module adopts an interstellar file system, a JSON file or other storage media and is used for permanently storing node information data, an equipment association table, an environmental data log and a complete blockchain data copy; The information display module is used for extracting key information in the new block and encoding the key information into an information carrier capable of being displayed outwards, the information carrier comprises a two-dimensional code, an RFID tag and an identification chip embedded in a commodity package and supporting the Internet of things, the communication module of the Internet of things broadcasts information, and the key information comprises a block height, a block hash abstract, a product information ID, an environment data abstract and a time stamp.
  8. 8. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on edge computing nodes of claim 6, wherein: The network synchronization layer further comprises a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) index module, wherein the DHT index module is used for maintaining a mapping relation between data content identifiers and edge computing nodes in a P2P network; when the traceable data is stored in the out-of-chain distributed storage system, the DHT index module is used for achieving decentralization positioning and access of the target data storage node.
  9. 9. The block chain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing node of claim 1, wherein the system is operated by taking a single piece as a traceability object, and the data acquisition and uplink flow in the product circulation process comprises the following steps: Step one, when a product is transported to a node, the node automatically acquires a unique product identifier and batch information through an identifier reading module; the environmental sensing module collects environmental parameters according to set intervals during the stay of the product, and can perform average value calculation and outlier filtering treatment on the data; Combining the product identity data with the environment data abstract, carrying out digital signature through a node private key, and combining with the preamble block abstract to package and form a transaction to be uplink; Step four, packaging the transaction into a new block, calculating a block hash, broadcasting a hash value through a network, and confirming that the new block is added into a block chain after voting approval of a plurality of nodes; step five, transmitting the complete block data to a downstream node, and after the downstream node receives the complete block data, verifying and executing the step three to the step four to generate a new block of the downstream node so as to extend a block chain; and step six, extracting key information of the new area block to generate an information carrier which is attached to the product for query and verification of a downstream node or an end user.
  10. 10. The blockchain supply chain traceability system based on the edge computing node of claim 6, wherein the consensus algorithm comprises a lightweight majority vote consensus algorithm, PBFT a practical Bayesian-based fault-tolerant algorithm, a RAFT consistency algorithm or a benefit proving mechanism, and the adaptive consensus algorithm can be selected according to the network scale and the security requirement; The system supports a storage mode of combining on-chain data and off-chain storage, large-scale sensing data can be stored in cloud storage or IPFS extra-chain storage media such as an interstrand file system, hash fingerprints of corresponding data are only recorded in a blockchain, and the system is anchored with a public blockchain or connected with a alliance chain formed by multiple enterprises through a gateway node or an interface to realize cross-range trusted data exchange.

Description

Block chain supply chain traceability system based on edge computing nodes Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of block chain supply chain traceability systems, and particularly relates to a block chain supply chain traceability system based on edge computing nodes. Background The current mainstream supply chain traceability system relies on a centralized server architecture, data storage and processing under the architecture are highly concentrated, once a central server fails, suffers network attack or suffers manual tampering, the whole traceability network is paralyzed, the data credibility is difficult to guarantee, and downstream nodes and end users cannot effectively verify the authenticity of traceability information. Meanwhile, data of all supply chain links under a centralized architecture are often stored in respective systems in an isolated mode, information circulation is blocked, real-time sharing and synchronization of all-chain data are difficult to achieve, key information such as states, environmental parameters and the like in the product circulation process is prone to faults, and a complete and reliable traceable link cannot be formed. In addition, the traditional traceability system often faces efficiency bottlenecks in data acquisition and processing links, especially in a scene of distributed geographical distribution of supply link points, network bandwidth consumption is increased, and traceability information is not updated timely due to transmission delay. Meanwhile, most systems lack the localization processing capability of the data at the edge end, are difficult to quickly respond to the field data acquisition requirement, and in extreme cases such as network interruption, the edge nodes cannot independently complete data recording and temporary storage, so that the tracing data is easy to lose, and the reliability and the practicability of the tracing system are further reduced. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims at solving the technical problems and provides a block chain supply chain tracing system based on edge computing nodes. In view of the above, the invention provides a blockchain supply chain traceability system based on edge computing nodes, which comprises a plurality of edge computing nodes distributed and deployed geographically, wherein each edge node is correspondingly arranged in different links of a supply chain, the edge nodes form a P2P communication topology through network interconnection, a blockchain account book for a product is commonly maintained, state and environmental data in the product circulation process are recorded in real time, and each node keeps the blockchain account book synchronous and consistent through a consensus protocol. Preferably, the hardware of the edge node is a device with network communication capability, computing capability and necessary I/O interface, including but not limited to a raspberry group microcomputer, an industrial controller, an Arduino embedded development board, an ARM architecture development board, a high-end router, a IntelNUC microcomputer, an embedded industrial personal computer, an internet of things gateway supporting Linux or a Cortex-M microcontroller carrying a real-time operating system. Preferably, the software architecture of each edge node includes a data acquisition layer, a data processing and block generating layer, a network synchronization layer and a storage display and application layer, and the layers cooperate to realize data acquisition, processing, synchronization and display functions. The data acquisition layer comprises an RFID reading submodule and an environment data sensing submodule, wherein the RFID reading submodule is used for detecting a product identification carrier entering a node range to obtain unique product identification codes and batch information, the product identification carrier comprises an RFID tag, a two-dimensional code, a bar code or a UWB tag, the environment data sensing submodule is used for acquiring environment parameters according to a preset time interval, and the environment parameters comprise temperature, humidity or vibration, gas components, inclination angles and other parameters which are additionally arranged according to product types and supervision requirements. The data processing and block generating layer is used for processing the original data acquired by the data acquisition layer and generating a new block, and concretely comprises the steps of digitally signing product identity data and environment data by using a preset private key, reading a hash of a latest block in a block chain account book as a preamble block digest, packaging the preamble block digest and signature data to form a transaction to be uplink, and packaging the transaction into the new block by a consensus algorithm, wherein the new block comprises a block index, a time stamp, a signature data digest, a previous block hash value