CN-122023850-A - Method, system and equipment for measuring rock mass structural surface of tunnel drilling and blasting section

CN122023850ACN 122023850 ACN122023850 ACN 122023850ACN-122023850-A

Abstract

The application discloses a method, a system and equipment for measuring a rock mass structural plane of a tunnel drilling and blasting section. A method for measuring the structural surface of rock mass in drilling and blasting section of tunnel includes such steps as obtaining the image data of rock mass in drilling and blasting section of tunnel, building model, calculating the normal vector of triangular surfaces in model, clustering them to obtain multiple structural surface groups, clustering them according to the centroid coordinates of triangular surfaces in single structural surface group to obtain multiple structural surfaces, obtaining the normal vector of single structural surface according to the normal vector of triangular surfaces in single structural surface to obtain the inclination angle, inclination and trend of single structural surface, simplifying single structural surface to obtain the size of single structural surface, and obtaining the density of single structural surface group according to the spacing of structural surfaces on exposed head along the vertical direction of structural surface. By adopting the method, the structural plane parameters are accurately measured through secondary clustering based on image data modeling, and manual intervention is not needed, so that the efficiency and the safety of measuring the rock mass structural plane of the tunnel drilling and blasting section are improved.

Inventors

WANG JIONGCHAO
QIU SHOUBIN
CHEN LI
SU HAIBO
LUO GANG
LI GEN
ZHANG RUILIN
YUAN CHAOYI
Cao Shengmao
FAN XIAOHUA
CHEN SIDI
WU YUEQUAN

Assignees

中国雅江集团有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20251114

Claims (10)

1. The method for measuring the rock mass structural surface of the tunnel drilling and blasting section is characterized by comprising the following steps of: obtaining image data of a rock mass of a tunnel drilling and blasting section, and constructing a rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to the image data; Calculating normal vectors of triangular faces in the rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section, and clustering the triangular faces according to the normal vectors of the triangular faces to obtain a plurality of structural face groups; Clustering each triangular surface in the single structural surface group according to the centroid coordinates of each triangular surface in the single structural surface group to obtain a plurality of structural surfaces; obtaining the normal vector of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of each triangular surface in the single structural surface, and obtaining the inclination angle, the tendency and the trend of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of the single structural surface; and simplifying the single structural surface to obtain the size of the single structural surface, and obtaining the density of the single structural surface group according to the structural surface spacing of each structural surface in the single structural surface group in the vertical direction of the structural surface on the outcrop.
2. The method for measuring a structural surface of a rock mass of a tunnel drilling and blasting section according to claim 1, wherein the steps of obtaining image data of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section and constructing a rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to the image data include: Shooting images of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section at a plurality of angles to obtain image data; and carrying out three-dimensional modeling according to the image data to obtain the rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section.
3. The method for measuring structural surface of rock mass in drilling and blasting section of tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the calculating normal vector of each triangular surface in the rock mass model in drilling and blasting section of tunnel, and clustering each triangular surface according to the normal vector of each triangular surface, obtaining a plurality of structural surface groups comprises: calculating two edge vectors on the triangular surface starting from the same vertex; According to the two edge vectors, calculating to obtain an initial normal vector of the triangular surface; normalizing the initial normal vector to obtain a normal vector of the triangular surface; And selecting a plurality of normal vectors from normal vectors of all triangular surfaces as clustering centers, and clustering all the triangular surfaces according to the distance between the normal vector of each triangular surface and the clustering center to obtain a plurality of structural surface groups.
4. The method for measuring the structural surface of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to claim 1, wherein the clustering the triangular surfaces in the single structural surface group according to the centroid coordinates of the triangular surfaces in the single structural surface group to obtain a plurality of structural surfaces comprises: Calculating a distance matrix between centroid coordinates of all triangular surfaces in a single structural surface group; Calculating an average centroid distance according to the distance matrix; And clustering all triangular faces in the single structural face group according to the average centroid distance to obtain a plurality of structural faces.
5. The method for measuring a structural surface of a rock mass in a tunnel drilling and blasting section according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein before obtaining a normal vector of a single structural surface from normal vectors of triangular surfaces in the single structural surface, and obtaining an inclination angle, a tendency and a trend of the single structural surface from the normal vector of the single structural surface, the method further comprises: calculating the included angle of the normal vector of each triangular surface in the single structural surface; Obtaining an included angle average value according to the included angles of the normal vectors of all triangular surfaces in the single structural surface; And judging whether the structural surface is removed according to the average value of the included angles.
6. The method for measuring the structural surface of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the normal vector of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of each triangular surface in the single structural surface and obtaining the inclination angle, the tendency and the trend of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of the single structural surface comprises the following steps: The normal vector of each triangular surface in the single structural surface is averaged to obtain the normal vector of the single structural surface, and the inclination angle of the single structural surface is obtained through the following formula: dip = acos(abs(FN(3)) / norm(FN)) Wherein dip is the structural plane inclination angle, acos () is an inverse cosine function, abs () is an absolute function, FN is the normal vector of the structural plane, and norm (FN) is the normal vector length of the structural plane; When the x value of the normal vector of the structural plane is greater than 0, the tendency of the structural plane is obtained by the following formula: dir = acos(FN(2) / (norm([FN(1) FN(2)]))) wherein dir is the structure plane trend, acos () is an inverse cosine function, abs () is an absolute value function, and FN is the normal vector of the structure plane; When the x value of the normal vector of the structural plane is smaller than 0, the tendency of the structural plane is obtained by the following formula: dir =360 - acos(FN(2) / (norm([FN(1) FN(2)]))) When the x value of the normal vector of the structural plane is equal to 0 and the y value of the normal vector is less than 0, the structural plane tends to be 180 °, when the x value of the normal vector of the structural plane is equal to 0 and the y value of the normal vector is greater than 0, the structural plane tends to be 0 °, when the y value of the normal vector of the structural plane is equal to 0 and the x value of the normal vector is less than 0, the structural plane tends to be 90 °, and when the y value of the normal vector of the structural plane is equal to 0 and the x value of the normal vector is greater than 0, the structural plane tends to be 270 °; the course str=dir+90° of the individual structural surfaces, wherein if the course str is greater than 360 °, the course str=str-360 °.
7. The method for measuring the structural surface of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to claim 5, wherein the step of simplifying the single structural surface to obtain the size of the single structural surface comprises the following steps: simplifying a single structural surface into a disc shape to obtain a disc structural surface; if the single structural surface is a completely exposed structural surface, assuming that the areas of the disc structural surface and the real structural surface are the same, acquiring the radius of the disc structural surface as the size of the single structural surface; If the individual structural faces are partially exposed structural faces, the maximum distance between the vertices of the exposed partial structural faces is taken as the diameter of the disk structural face to obtain the dimensions of the individual structural faces.
8. The method for measuring the structural surface of the rock mass in the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining the density of the single structural surface group according to the structural surface spacing of each structural surface in the single structural surface group in the vertical direction of the structural surface on the outcrop comprises the following steps: According to the structure surface distance of each single structure surface group on the outcrop along the vertical direction of the structure surface, the density of the single structure surface group is obtained by the following formula: Where N l is the number of structural planes intersecting the line, λ v is the three-dimensional density of the structural planes, L is the length of the line, d m is the average diameter of the set of structural planes, v d is the variance of the diameter of the set of structural planes, γ is the angle between the line and the average normal vector of the set of structural planes, i is the projected vector of the normal vector of the structural planes onto the window, and N m is the average normal vector of the set of structural planes.
9. A system for measuring a structural face of a rock mass of a tunnel drilling and blasting section, comprising: The construction module is used for obtaining image data of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section and constructing a rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to the image data; The first clustering module is used for calculating normal vectors of all triangular surfaces in the rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section, and clustering all the triangular surfaces according to the normal vectors of all the triangular surfaces to obtain a plurality of structural surface groups; the second clustering module is used for clustering each triangular surface in the single structural surface group according to the centroid coordinates of each triangular surface in the single structural surface group to obtain a plurality of structural surfaces; The measuring module is used for obtaining the normal vector of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of each triangular surface in the single structural surface, obtaining the inclination angle, the tendency and the trend of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of the single structural surface, simplifying the single structural surface to obtain the size of the single structural surface, and obtaining the density of the single structural surface group according to the structure surface spacing of each structural surface in the single structural surface group in the vertical direction of the structural surface on the outcrop.
10. A computing device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor, when executing the computer program, implements a method for measuring the structural face of a rock mass of a tunnel boring segment according to any one of claims 1-8.

Description

Method, system and equipment for measuring rock mass structural surface of tunnel drilling and blasting section Technical Field The application relates to the field of rock mass structural plane identification, in particular to a method, a system and equipment for measuring a rock mass structural plane of a tunnel drilling and blasting section. Background The rock mass structural plane measurement is an important link in tunnel engineering, and has important significance for engineering problems such as tunnel deformation and stability analysis. The traditional structural surface measuring method relies on tools such as a tape and a compass to carry out contact measurement manually, so that the workload is large, the efficiency is low, when the large-diameter tunnel drilling and blasting section rock mass is faced, because the exposed structural surfaces are numerous, the spatial variability exists in the shape, the size and the density of the structural surfaces in different areas, accurate and complete measurement is difficult to realize, and the safety is low. Another type of measurement method is to obtain a rock mass model based on a three-dimensional reconstruction technology so as to carry out intelligent recognition on a structural surface, and common technologies include a clustering method, a region growing method, a deep learning method and a rule engine method. The clustering method can identify and extract structural planes according to features such as occurrence, grouping, trace, interval and the like, is sensitive to selection of an initial clustering center, has poor effect on complex or noisy data sets, can extract structural planes exposed in a plane form but relies on manual selection of seed points, has strong feature learning capability, requires a large amount of labeling data and computing resources, and is low in interpretation, the rule engine method requires professional knowledge to construct and maintain a rule engine, and can require a large amount of manual intervention on complex or irregular structural planes, so that the processing efficiency is low. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks or shortcomings in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a method, a system and a device for measuring a rock mass structural plane of a tunnel drilling and blasting section, which accurately measure structural plane parameters through secondary clustering based on image data modeling, and without manual intervention, so as to improve efficiency and safety of rock mass structural plane measurement of the tunnel drilling and blasting section. In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a training method for a measurement model of a rock mass structural surface of a tunnel drilling and blasting section, including: obtaining image data of a rock mass of a tunnel drilling and blasting section, and constructing a rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to the image data; Calculating normal vectors of triangular faces in the rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section, and clustering the triangular faces according to the normal vectors of the triangular faces to obtain a plurality of structural face groups; Clustering each triangular surface in the single structural surface group according to the centroid coordinates of each triangular surface in the single structural surface group to obtain a plurality of structural surfaces; obtaining the normal vector of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of each triangular surface in the single structural surface, and obtaining the inclination angle, the tendency and the trend of the single structural surface according to the normal vector of the single structural surface; and simplifying the single structural surface to obtain the size of the single structural surface, and obtaining the density of the single structural surface group according to the structural surface spacing of each structural surface in the single structural surface group in the vertical direction of the structural surface on the outcrop. Further, the obtaining the image data of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section, and constructing a rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section according to the image data comprises the following steps: Shooting images of the rock mass of the tunnel drilling and blasting section at a plurality of angles to obtain image data; and carrying out three-dimensional modeling according to the image data to obtain the rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section. Further, the calculating the normal vector of each triangular surface in the rock mass model of the tunnel drilling and blasting section, and clustering each triangular surface according to the normal vector of each triangular surface, to obtain a plurality of structural surface groups, includes: calculating two edge vectors on th