CN-122024410-A - Safety monitoring and early warning method for large-area concrete slope protection structure of large water level difference high-steep bank slope

CN122024410ACN 122024410 ACN122024410 ACN 122024410ACN-122024410-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-area concrete slope protection structure safety monitoring and early warning method with large water level difference and high steep bank slope, which comprises a slope protection structure displacement monitoring and early warning method and a slope protection structure stability monitoring and early warning method, wherein the slope protection structure displacement monitoring and early warning method comprises unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring, three-dimensional model construction, displacement and change rate analysis, visual realization, identification of thermodynamic diagrams and strength weakening risk early warning, the slope protection structure stability monitoring and early warning method comprises anchor cable arrangement based on piezoelectric ceramics, data acquisition of pressure sensors, local stability analysis and early warning of stability risks, intelligent conversion of deformation data into disease types and severity is realized by establishing a mapping relation between the slope protection structure deformation thermodynamic diagrams and diseases, a special failure mechanism of the large-area concrete slope protection structure is reflected by the local stability analysis, and an adaptive adjustment mechanism for adjusting anchor cable tension according to water level change so as to ensure slope stability is formed, so that early warning timeliness and accuracy are improved.

Inventors

WANG PEIYIN
Huang Xishuang
LIAO SHIQIANG
YUAN HAO
LIU JIA
CHEN ZIXIANG
CHENG JINWEN
YANG JIAWEN
CEN WENJIE

Assignees

中交四航局第三工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260112

Claims (5)

1. The safety monitoring and early warning method for the large-area concrete slope protection structure of the large-water-level-difference high-steep bank slope comprises a slope protection structure displacement monitoring and early warning method and a slope protection structure stability monitoring and early warning method, and is applied to the slope protection structure of the large-area concrete, wherein the slope protection structure displacement monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps: S11, unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring, namely carrying a laser ranging sensor on an unmanned aerial vehicle with a positioning function, periodically performing flight scanning along the surface of a slope protection structure according to a preset route, and collecting river water surface elevation data and three-dimensional point cloud data on the surface of the slope protection structure, wherein 1 data acquisition is performed before the slope protection structure is put into operation, the data acquisition frequency during operation is 1 time per month, the data acquisition frequency during abrupt change of the river water surface elevation is 1 data acquisition every time the river water surface elevation reaches the highest point and the lowest point, and the water level lifting amplitude in 24 hours is more than 1.5m; S12, constructing a three-dimensional model, namely constructing a three-dimensional model of the surface of the slope protection structure according to the three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of the slope protection structure obtained by monitoring, wherein the three-dimensional model of the surface of the slope protection structure which is monitored and constructed before the slope protection structure is put into operation is M 0 =[X 0 ,Y 0 ,Z 0 , the three-dimensional model of the surface of the slope protection structure which is monitored and constructed for the ith time after operation is M i =[X i ,Y i ,Z i , and establishing a space coordinate mapping relation between M i and M 0 so as to operate; s13, analyzing the displacement and the change rate thereof, namely calculating the displacement delta P i of each point on the surface of the slope protection structure according to M i and M 0 , wherein the displacement delta P i is shown in the following expression: ΔP i =[ X i -X 0 ,Y i -Y 0 ,Z i -Z 0 ] Decomposing DeltaP i into horizontal displacement DeltaH i and vertical displacement DeltaS i , and further calculating a horizontal displacement change rate V hi and a vertical displacement change rate V si , wherein the horizontal displacement DeltaH i =[(X i -X 0 ) 2 +(Y i -Y 0 ) 2 ] 0.5 , the vertical displacement DeltaS i =|Z i -Z 0 I, the horizontal displacement change rate V hi =(ΔH i -ΔH i-1 )/Δt i and the vertical displacement change rate V si =(ΔS i -ΔS i-1 )/Δt i , and Deltat i is the time interval between the ith monitoring and the (i-1) monitoring after operation; S14, realizing visualization, namely respectively converting the delta P i 、ΔH i 、ΔS i 、V hi and the V si into thermodynamic diagrams by using a visualization technology; S15, identifying thermodynamic diagrams, namely establishing a mapping relation between the thermodynamic diagrams and the slope protection structure diseases through a convolutional neural network model, wherein the slope protection structure diseases comprise penetrating cracks, surface denudation, local collapse and integral slippage, inputting the thermodynamic diagrams obtained in the step S14 into the convolutional neural network model to obtain the slope protection structure diseases and slope protection structure disease indexes, wherein the slope protection structure disease indexes comprise the length I 1 of the penetrating cracks, the average depth I 2 of the surface denudation, the area I 3 of the local collapse and the displacement I 4 of the integral slippage, and marking the slope protection structure diseases and the slope protection structure disease indexes on the thermodynamic diagrams so as to enable technicians to quickly locate the positions, types and severity of the diseases; S16, strength weakening risk early warning, namely establishing a concrete strength weakening index I for comprehensively reflecting the weakening degree of the slope protection structure disease index on the concrete strength, wherein the weakening degree is shown in the following formula: I=1-w 1 ·I 1 /[I 1 ] -w 2 ·I 2 /[I 2 ] -w 3 ·I 3 /[I 3 ] -w 4 ·I 4 /[I 4 ] The method comprises the steps of determining a slope protection structure according to a concrete strength, wherein w 1 、w 2 、w 3 、w 4 is a weight coefficient, and satisfies the condition that w 1 +w 2 +w 3 +w 4 =1, specific numerical values of the weight coefficients are calibrated through an orthogonal test, and assigning values based on influence degrees of different diseases on the concrete strength, so that the contribution of the disease index of the slope protection structure to I is consistent with an actual concrete strength weakening rule, [ I 1 ] is the maximum penetration crack length allowed in a monitoring area, m, [ I 2 ] is the design thickness of the slope protection structure in the monitoring area, m, [ I 3 ] is the maximum local collapse area allowed in the monitoring area, and m 2 ;[I 4 ] is the maximum displacement allowed by the whole slip in the monitoring area; dividing early warning grades according to the numerical value of the concrete strength weakening index I: when I is more than 0.9, judging that the slope protection structure is basically safe, and corresponding to the structural function complete or local slight defect in the 'safety identification procedure of hydraulic construction', wherein no intervention is required; 0.9 When the I is more than or equal to 0.7, judging that the slope protection structure strength weakens primary early warning, wherein the slope protection structure strength weakens primary early warning corresponds to the structural durability influence in the 'safety identification procedure of hydraulic construction', and the monitoring frequency needs to be enhanced and the repairing needs to be evaluated; When I is less than or equal to 0.7, judging that the slope protection structure strength weakens the secondary early warning, and corresponding to the endangered structural safety in the 'safety identification procedure of hydraulic construction', immediately starting an emergency reinforcement scheme; The slope protection structure stability monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps: s21, arranging an anchor cable based on piezoelectric ceramics, wherein a piezoelectric ceramics driver is integrated at a position between an anchor device at the head of the anchor cable and a backing plate and is used for acquiring anchor cable tension data in real time, and when the anchor cable tension needs to be regulated, the anchor cable is stretched by applying voltage to the piezoelectric ceramics driver, and the anchor cable is extruded to be tensioned, so that the anchor cable tension is improved; S22, data acquisition of a pressure sensor, namely arranging a water pressure sensor and a soil pressure sensor on an interface between the slope protection structure and a rock-soil body in a grid mode, wherein the water pressure sensor is attached to the back surface of the slope protection structure and is used for monitoring hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure data of underground water on the slope protection structure and distribution of the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure data; S23, carrying out local stability analysis, namely carrying out local stability checking on the slope protection structure with any horizontal section above, wherein the local stability checking comprises local anti-slip stability K s of the slope protection structure with any checking section above x and local anti-capsizing stability K t of the slope protection structure with any checking section above x; S24, early warning of stability risks, namely marking the local anti-slip stability K s and the local anti-capsizing stability K t of the slope protection structure with any checking section x on the thermodynamic diagram in the form of contour lines by using a visualization technology, thereby intuitively displaying safety margin of the anti-slip and anti-capsizing stability at different positions and providing accurate positioning basis for local reinforcement, wherein the early warning grades are divided as follows: When K s ＞[K s and K t ＞[K t are greater than 0.9, judging that the slope protection structure is safe and no intervention is needed; When K s is less than 1 or K t is less than 1 and I is less than or equal to 0.7, judging that a 'large risk exists in the slope protection structure', and immediately accurately starting an emergency reinforcement scheme according to the thermodynamic diagram; And under other conditions, judging that the slope protection structure is at risk in stability, and dynamically adjusting the tension of the anchor cable through the piezoelectric ceramic driver.
2. The method for monitoring and early warning safety of a large-area concrete slope protection structure of a large-water-head high-steep bank slope according to claim 1, wherein in the step S11, a laser ranging sensor adopts blue-green laser with the wavelength of 500-550nm capable of penetrating a water body.
3. The method for monitoring and early warning safety of a large-area concrete slope protection structure of a high-water-head high-steep bank slope according to claim 1, wherein in step S14, the generation of the thermodynamic diagram comprises the following steps: S141, data normalization processing, namely converting a mode of the DeltaP i into Z Pi through normalization, wherein the data normalization processing is as shown in the following expression: Z Pi =[|ΔP i |-ΔP i-avg ]/σ μ Wherein Δp i-avg is the average value of |Δp i |, σ μ is the standard deviation of |Δp i |, and Z Pi is subject to standard normal distribution N (0, 1); S142, replacing abnormal values, namely identifying all data points meeting the condition that the absolute value of Z Pi is larger than 3 as abnormal values, and generating replacement value replacing original data through a spline interpolation method; S143, visual mapping, namely mapping Z Pi into a thermodynamic diagram, and giving a color mark to each pixel point on the thermodynamic diagram according to the value of Z Pi , wherein the pixel point of-1<Z Pi <1 is yellow, the pixel point of Z Pi is more than or equal to 1 is green, and the pixel point of Z Pi is less than or equal to-1 is red; S144, generating a thermodynamic diagram, namely, after obtaining the thermodynamic diagram of Z Pi through the steps S141 to S143, repeating the steps S141 to S143, and generating the thermodynamic diagrams of delta H i 、ΔS i 、V hi and V si .
4. The method for monitoring and early warning safety of a large-area concrete slope protection structure with a large water head high-steep bank slope according to claim 1, wherein in step S23, the local anti-slip stability K s of the slope protection structure with any check section x or above satisfies the following expression: Wherein G is dead weight per linear meter of the slope protection structure with the checking section x being more than, kN/m, alpha is gradient angle of a high-steep bank slope, W h is side pressure per linear meter of the slope protection structure with the checking section x being more than, kN/m is calculated according to relative position relation between river water surface elevation and the slope protection structure, T is tension of each linear meter of the anchor cable with the checking section x being more than, kN/m is obtained in real time through a piezoelectric ceramic driver, beta is included angle of the anchor cable and the horizontal plane, E is sum of side pressure per linear meter of rock soil, hydrostatic pressure of groundwater and osmotic pressure of groundwater, kN/m is applied to the slope protection structure with the checking section x being more than, F is seismic horizontal acting force, kN/m is obtained through a survey design file, K s is anti-slip stable safety coefficient is selected according to building slope engineering technical specifications; And taking any checking section x as a rotation point, and for the local anti-overturning stability K t of the slope protection structure above any checking section x, the following expression is satisfied: The slope protection structure comprises a slope protection structure, a slope protection structure and a slope protection structure, wherein l G is a rotating force arm of a checking section x, wherein m is a rotating force arm of the checking section x, W z is vertical pressure of river water per linear meter acting on the slope protection structure above the checking section x, kN/m, l W is a rotating force arm of the checking section x, which is W z , m, l T is a rotating force arm of the checking section x, which is T, m, l E is a rotating force arm of the checking section x, which is E, m, l F is a rotating force arm of the checking section x, which is F, and m, K t is an anti-capsizing stable safety coefficient, and is selected according to building slope engineering technical specifications.
5. The method for monitoring and early warning safety of a large-area concrete slope protection structure of a large water head high-steep bank slope according to claim 1, wherein in step S24, the specific flow for realizing dynamic adjustment of the tension of the anchor cable by the piezoelectric ceramic driver is as follows: S241, calculating the needed supplementary anchor rope tension increment, namely when 1<K s ＜[K s is carried out, calculating the anchor rope tension increment delta T to meet the following expression: Wherein, beta is the included angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal plane, [ K s ] is the anti-slip stable safety coefficient, E is the sum of lateral pressure of each linear meter of the slope protection structure above the checking section x, hydrostatic pressure of underground water and osmotic pressure of underground water, kN/m, F is the earthquake horizontal acting force of the slope protection structure above the checking section x, kN/m; When 1<K t ＜[K t ], the calculation of the cable bolt tension increment Δt satisfies the following expression: Wherein l T is a rotating force arm of the cross section x of the T pair, m; [ K t ] is an anti-overturning stable safety coefficient, l E is a rotating force arm of the cross section x of the E pair, m, l F is a rotating force arm of the cross section x of the F pair, m; s242, driving the piezoelectric ceramics: And determining an anchor cable needing dynamic adjustment and a delta T value thereof according to the calculation result in the step S241, and further calculating the voltage U needing to be applied to the piezoelectric ceramic driver, wherein the calculation of the voltage U meets the following expression: U=k u ·ΔT Wherein k u is the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric ceramic driver and is obtained by anchor cable specification and ceramic performance calibration tests.

Description

Safety monitoring and early warning method for large-area concrete slope protection structure of large water level difference high-steep bank slope Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic structure concrete, in particular to a safety monitoring and early warning method for a large-area concrete slope protection structure of a large-water-head high-steep bank slope. Background In mountain river harbor engineering, a large-area concrete slope protection structure under the conditions of large water head and high steep bank slope is a core protection barrier for resisting the instability of the bank slope and guaranteeing the safety of hydraulic structures. Such structures are subjected to complex dynamic loading for long periods of time, with significant specificity and severity of the safety risks. From the angle of a load action mechanism, the rapid elevation of the river water surface not only causes the severe change of the internal osmotic pressure of the bank slope from inside to outside to cause the easy shearing damage of soil, but also causes the slope protection structure to repeatedly undergo dry and wet circulation to accelerate the weathering and crack expansion of the concrete surface. The high and steep bank slope has poor overall stability of the slope body, is very sensitive to disturbance such as osmotic pressure, and is easier to induce chain reaction once local damage occurs and finally leads to large-area instability of the slope protection structure. From the aspect of the self characteristics of the structure, the large-area concrete slope protection structure has the advantage of integrity, is more sensitive to temperature stress and shrinkage stress, and is easy to generate penetrability cracks due to bank slope deformation and temperature shrinkage effect, and the cracks can become seepage channels under the action of strong seepage flow, so that the loss of rock and soil mass in the bank slope is further aggravated, and the stress condition of the slope protection structure is further aggravated. Aiming at the problems that the traditional manual inspection or fixed point measurement mode has low efficiency, incomplete coverage, high danger, large influence by water level change and the like in the large-area and high-steep slope environment, aiming at the monitoring of the surface deformation and diseases of the slope protection structure, the traditional safety monitoring and early warning technology has obvious short plates, and is difficult to meet the requirements of periodical, especially high-frequency monitoring in the water level abrupt change period, and secondly, the anchor cable is an important anchoring measure of the slope protection structure of the high-steep bank, the tension state of the anchor cable directly influences the stability, however, the prior art usually depends on periodic manual detection or a simple sensor, the real-time monitoring of the tension force of the anchor cable cannot be realized, and the dynamic regulation is more difficult to carry out, thirdly, the slope protection structure of the large area is of a thin plate shape, the thickness is far smaller than the length and the width, so that local stability damage is easier to happen under the high-steep slope condition, the calculation method of local stability is necessary to be established according to the monitoring data, the stability safety margin at different positions is displayed, and the accurate positioning basis is provided for safety early warning and local reinforcement. The existing monitoring and early warning technology has the defects of the three layers, so that the safety state of the large-area concrete slope protection structure of the high-water-head high-steep bank slope is difficult to evaluate and early warn timely, accurately and comprehensively, and powerful decision support cannot be provided for safe operation and emergency treatment of engineering. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the safety monitoring and early warning method for the large-area concrete slope protection structure of the large-water-level-difference high-steep-bank slope, which is suitable for the slope protection structure of the river port hydraulic structure in the mountain area, and is beneficial to improving the informatization level, the operation efficiency and the safety reliability of the safety monitoring and early warning of the large-area concrete slope protection structure of the large-water-level-difference high-steep-bank slope through intelligent parameter sensing, dynamic risk assessment and active regulation response. The method for monitoring and early warning the safety of the large-area concrete slope protection structure of the large-water-level-difference high-steep bank slope comprises a slope protection structure displacement monitoring and early warning method and a slope protection st