CN-122024576-A - Test device and method for soil dike overtopping and breaking process

CN122024576ACN 122024576 ACN122024576 ACN 122024576ACN-122024576-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a test method for a soil dike overtopping and breaking process, which break through the limitation of materials and dimensions in the traditional test, truly reproduce the breaking mechanism leading by 'gravity collapse', are closer to reality than the traditional test, and the invention is provided with a breaking device, adopts a fourth monitoring device to acquire the images of the breaking areas in the water flow breaking window period, and solves the problems that the water flow is turbulent and the fine three-dimensional geometric form of the underwater breaking opening cannot be acquired under the turbid condition.

Inventors

Zhang Meiman
CHEN JIERONG
WANG LINGLING
ZHU HAI
HE WEI
XU JIN
GU PENG
WANG DUO
FANG ZIANG

Assignees

河海大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260210

Claims (8)

1. The test device for the soil dike overtopping breaking process is characterized by comprising a water flow channel, a water supply tank with controllable water level, a cutting device, a first monitoring device, a second monitoring device, a third monitoring device, a fourth monitoring device and a terminal; The water flow channel is internally provided with a soil dike, an initial notch is formed in the middle position of the top surface of the soil dike, the water inlet end of the water flow channel is communicated with the water supply tank, and a cutting device is arranged at any position between the water inlet end of the water flow channel and the soil dike and used for cutting off water flow at preset time; The first monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y1 of different water level measuring points, the second monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y2 of water flow passing through the crumple in the non-water flow cut-off window period, the third monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y3 of the crumple area in the non-water flow cut-off window period, and the fourth monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y4 of the crumple area in the water flow cut-off window period; The terminal is used for acquiring water level changes of different water level measuring points according to an image Y1, acquiring a flow field of a breach area and a flow velocity change curve of a breach channel according to an image Y2, acquiring dynamic moments of the back of a steep bank and the collapse of soil mass according to an image Y3, and constructing a breach area model of a water flow cutoff window period according to an image Y4.
2. The test device of claim 1, further comprising a stilling basin and a culvert, wherein the water outlet end of the water flow channel communicates with the culvert through the stilling basin.
3. The test device of claim 2, wherein the water level measurement points include a water supply tank water level measurement point, a soil dike upstream water level measurement point near the soil dike, a stilling pool water level measurement point, and a culvert water level measurement point.
4. The test device of claim 1, wherein the cutoff device is a flap gate.
5. The test device of claim 1, wherein the water level controllable water supply tank is a water supply tank connected to a water replenishment pump station, and the water level of the water supply tank is controlled by the water replenishment pump station.
6. The test device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein all monitoring devices are unmanned aerial vehicles, the unmanned aerial vehicle for acquiring the image Y1 hovers at the water level measuring point, the unmanned aerial vehicle for acquiring the image Y2 hovers directly above the crumple, the unmanned aerial vehicle for acquiring the image Y3 comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle hovering at the side of the earth dike and an unmanned aerial vehicle hovering directly behind the earth dike, and the unmanned aerial vehicle for acquiring the image Y4 flies around the earth dike according to a preset route.
7. The test method for the process of breaking the flood peak of the earth dike is characterized by comprising the following steps: sequentially dividing a soil dike overtravel and break process into a hydraulic erosion stage, a first abrupt bank migration stage, a second abrupt bank migration stage and a gravity collapse stage, and sequentially performing the tests of each stage by adopting the test device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the phenomenon that the hydraulic erosion stage ends is that a downstream slope of the soil dike flushes a groove, the phenomenon that the first abrupt bank migration stage ends is that a river bed has a stepped abrupt bank, the phenomenon that the second abrupt bank migration stage ends is that the first abrupt bank migrates upwards to approach the soil dike roof, and the phenomenon that the gravity collapse stage ends is that the soil dike is wholly collapsed and the break state is kept stable; The process of the phase test comprises the following steps: Opening the cutting device, introducing water into the water flow channel, and closing the cutting device when the ending phenomenon of the current stage is observed, until the fourth monitoring device works.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein if the current stage is not a hydraulic erosion stage, the water level of the water supply tank is controlled to a level before the water flow is cut off in the previous stage before the current stage is performed, and then the cut-off device is opened to perform the current stage test.

Description

Test device and method for soil dike overtopping and breaking process Technical Field The invention relates to a test device and a test method for a break process of a flood peak of a soil dike, and belongs to the field of water conservancy disaster prevention and reduction. Background The earth dam is used as a core barrier in a river and lake flood control system, and the structural safety of the earth dam is directly related to the life and property safety of a downstream area. Under extreme flood conditions, overtopping and breaking are the most common failure modes with the greatest destructive power, and the physical mechanism and evolution rules (such as the bursting expansion rate, the flood peak flow process and the like) of the process are accurately mastered, so that the method has decisive significance for flood control, disaster relief and emergency response decisions. However, current research on the burst mechanism of the dike mainly relies on indoor small-scale water tank model tests. Limited by test sites and cost, the height of such models is usually less than 1 meter, which leads to obvious scale effects in the test, cannot meet the gravity similarity criterion, and is difficult to truly reproduce the phenomena of large-scale collapse and block instability of the prototype dike, which are led by dead weight in the later stage of the collapse. In addition, the small-scale model cannot reduce the real stress level and compaction state in the prototype dam body, so that the model has deviation from the real embankment in shear strength and anti-scouring performance, and further accurate prediction of the breaking development process is affected. In addition, the embankment is a dynamic process accompanied with high flow rate, high sand content and severe bed deformation, the traditional contact type measuring equipment cannot intervene in work on the premise of not interfering with a flow field, and the traditional optical observation means cannot penetrate the water surface to acquire the fine three-dimensional geometric form of the underwater breach due to the turbulent and turbid water flow, so that quantitative data of the evolution of the breach is difficult to acquire. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a test device and a test method for a soil dike overtopping and breaking process, and solves the problems disclosed in the background art. According to one aspect of the application, a test device for a soil dike overtopping and breaking process is provided, which comprises a water flow channel, a water supply tank with controllable water level, a cutting device, a first monitoring device, a second monitoring device, a third monitoring device, a fourth monitoring device and a terminal; The water flow channel is internally provided with a soil dike, an initial notch is formed in the middle position of the top surface of the soil dike, the water inlet end of the water flow channel is communicated with the water supply tank, and a cutting device is arranged at any position between the water inlet end of the water flow channel and the soil dike and used for cutting off water flow at preset time; The first monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y1 of different water level measuring points, the second monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y2 of water flow passing through the crumple in the non-water flow cut-off window period, the third monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y3 of the crumple area in the non-water flow cut-off window period, and the fourth monitoring device is used for acquiring images Y4 of the crumple area in the water flow cut-off window period; the terminal is used for acquiring water level changes of different water level measuring points according to an image Y1, acquiring dynamic moments of the back of a steep bank and soil collapse according to an image Y3 according to a flow field of a crumple zone and a flow velocity change curve of a crumple channel of the image Y2, and constructing a crumple zone model of a water flow cutoff window period according to an image Y4. Further, the device also comprises a stilling pool and a water-return culvert, wherein the water outlet end of the water flow channel is communicated with the water-return culvert through the stilling pool. Further, the water level measuring points comprise a water level measuring point of a water supply tank, a water level measuring point of an upstream side of the earth dike, a water level measuring point of a stilling pool and a water level measuring point of a water return culvert. Further, the cut-off device is a flap gate. Further, the water supply tank with the controllable water level is a water supply tank connected with a water supplementing pump station, and the water level of the water supply tank is controlled through the water supplementing pump station. Further, all monitoring devices are unmanned aerial vehicle, acquire image Y1's unmanned aerial vehic