CN-122024685-A - Multi-spiral-configuration acoustic metamaterial capable of being used for sound barrier

CN122024685ACN 122024685 ACN122024685 ACN 122024685ACN-122024685-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of new acoustic material design, and discloses a multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial capable of being used for a sound barrier, which comprises a base module and an ultra-structure module, wherein the base module is a cube with an open-pore splicing area on the outer surface, a conical guide channel and a cavity inside, the super-structure module is composed of four spiral units which are respectively and correspondingly assembled in the open-pore splicing areas on the upper surface, the lower surface, the left surface and the right surface of the base module. The inherent contradiction between the low-frequency noise reduction performance and the volume of the traditional acoustic material is broken through, the acoustic path allocation principle and the Helmholtz resonance theory are fused, the acoustic wave propagation distance is prolonged by means of the spiral structure, the acoustic energy loss is enhanced by combining the resonance effect, the volume of the whole structure is greatly reduced while the low-frequency broadband noise reduction effect is ensured, the miniaturization design is realized, and the technical support is provided for miniaturization and low-cost landing of low-frequency noise reduction engineering of various scenes such as bridges, tunnels, street-like buildings and the like.

Inventors

ZHU WANSHAN
ZHANG YIBO
LI XIANG
JIN SHIBO
HOU JINGZHONG
GAO YUAN
JIA YUEHUI
Du Chenang
ZHAO WEIJIE

Assignees

天津中德应用技术大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260302

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a many spiral configuration acoustic metamaterial that can be used to sound barrier, its characterized in that includes base module and super structure module, and the base module is for the surface contains trompil grafting district and toper guide way, inside contains the cube of cavity, and super structure module comprises four spiral units, and four spiral units correspond respectively and assemble the trompil grafting district in four surfaces about the base module.
2. The multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the structural design of the spiral unit integrates an acoustic path allocation principle and a helmholtz resonance theory, and acoustic energy loss is achieved by extending an acoustic wave propagation distance and enhancing a resonance effect.
3. The multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the super-structure module and the base module are in interference fit in the perforated plugging area, and a spiral channel of the super-structure module is communicated with an inner cavity of the base module, so that sound waves can be smoothly transmitted into the spiral channel.
4. A multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the interference fit is 0.5-1mm, and the maximum outer diameter of the super-structure module cylinder is 0.5-1mm larger than the aperture of the through hole of the base module open-cell plugging area.
5. The multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the structural parameters of the spiral unit can be regulated and controlled according to noise spectrum characteristics of an application scene, the structural parameters comprise diameter, spiral height, thread pitch and diameter of a central shaft of the spiral structure, the overall appearance size of the acoustic metamaterial is not changed by parameter regulation, a spiral channel of the spiral unit is of a continuous surrounding structure, sound waves propagate in the channel along a spiral path, and preliminary acoustic energy loss is achieved through friction with channel walls and air molecule collision.
6. The multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the base module is made of a single polylactic acid material integrally by a fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology without secondary processing.
7. The multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the super-structure module is made of a single ABS photosensitive resin material through a photocuring molding 3D printing technology, and the geometric parameters of the spiral units are accurately reduced.
8. The multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the tapered guide channel is disposed on one side of the open-cell plugging region on the outer surface of the base module for guiding incident sound waves into the interior cavity of the base module with high efficiency.
9. The multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the multi-spiral acoustic metamaterial has broadband noise reduction performance in a frequency band of 400-1100Hz, transmission loss is maintained to be more than 0.5, and ventilation capability is achieved through a communication structure of a spiral channel and an internal cavity.
10. The multi-spiral-configuration acoustic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the inner cavity of the base module is of a cube structure, the side length of the inner cavity is matched with the size of the spiral channel of the super-structure module, smooth transmission and resonance effect of sound waves in the inner part are guaranteed, the polylactic acid material of the base module is low in molding shrinkage rate and excellent in structural rigidity, the ABS photosensitive resin material of the super-structure module is strong in impact resistance and not easy to age, and long-term use stability of the acoustic metamaterial is guaranteed.

Description

Multi-spiral-configuration acoustic metamaterial capable of being used for sound barrier Technical Field The invention relates to the field of new acoustic material design, in particular to a multi-spiral-configuration acoustic metamaterial capable of being used for a sound barrier. Background With the rapid development of urban economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the scale of urban traffic is continuously enlarged, the number of motor vehicles is rapidly increased, noise generated in the running process of vehicles becomes an outstanding urban environment problem, and low-frequency noise in scenes such as industrial production, civil equipment and the like also causes serious interference to the living quality and working environment of people. In the noise control field, the metamaterial is used as a composite material or a structural system manufactured by artificial design, the transmission of the wavelength regulation and control wave with the structural size of the sub-wavelength is realized by virtue of the special performance which natural materials such as negative equivalent density, negative equivalent elastic modulus and the like do not have, the inherent limitation of the positive correlation between the size and the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the traditional noise elimination material is broken through, and a new solution is provided for low-frequency noise control and huge application potential is shown. However, the existing acoustic metamaterial still has a plurality of short plates, namely the film metamaterial is subjected to sound field regulation and control by depending on the resonance mode difference of a film and a mass block, but the prestress elastic film is easy to break, tension of the prestress elastic film is gradually attenuated along with time, long-term use stability is poor, the Helmholtz resonator metamaterial regulates low-frequency sound waves through resonance effect and faces the problem of narrow sound absorption bandwidth, meanwhile, the low-frequency regulation is required to be carried out at the cost of increasing the structural size, the dual requirements of broadband noise reduction and sub-wavelength miniaturization are difficult to achieve, and although the labyrinth metamaterial can promote the sound energy loss through prolonging the sound wave propagation path, the inherent defects of narrow sound absorption bandwidth and high difficulty in optimizing structural parameters are overcome, and high-efficiency coverage of low-frequency noise cannot be achieved. In addition, the conventional acoustic materials themselves also have the problems that low-frequency noise reduction is dependent on a large-volume structure and poor in frequency band adaptability, and all the problems are difficult to solve by a certain type of conventional acoustic metamaterial alone, so that the practical requirements of multiple scenes such as bridges, tunnels, street-like buildings, civil equipment, industrial production and the like on low-frequency noise broadband efficient noise reduction, miniaturized installation and long-term stable use cannot be met, and therefore, development of the acoustic metamaterial capable of achieving miniaturization, broadband noise reduction, high stability and flexible scene adaptation is needed to fill the blank of the prior art and provide technical support for low cost and miniaturization landing of low-frequency noise reduction engineering. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-spiral-configuration acoustic metamaterial capable of being used for a sound barrier, and solves the problems in the prior art. The invention aims at achieving the purposes by adopting the technical scheme that the multi-spiral-configuration acoustic metamaterial capable of being used for a sound barrier comprises a base module and a super-structure module, wherein the base module is a cube with an open-pore plugging area, a conical guide channel and a cavity inside, the outer surface of the base module is provided with the open-pore plugging area, the super-structure module is composed of four spiral units, and the four spiral units are correspondingly plugged with the open pores on the upper surface, the lower surface, the left surface and the right surface of the base module respectively. Preferably, the spiral structure utilizes the acoustic path regulation theory, improves the space utilization rate and greatly reduces the volume, the structural parameters of the super-structure module comprise the diameter D, the spiral height L, the pitch P and the diameter D of a central shaft of the spiral structure of each spiral sound absorption unit, when acoustic waves propagate to a spiral channel, the acoustic waves need to bypass along the spiral path rather than penetrate linearly, and the propagation distance of the acoustic waves in the spiral