CN-122025698-A - Fuel cell spray heat dissipation system and control method

CN122025698ACN 122025698 ACN122025698 ACN 122025698ACN-122025698-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell spray heat dissipation system and a control method. The system comprises a spraying module connected with a water storage module, wherein the water storage module is connected with a gas source module of the whole vehicle, the sensing module comprises a plurality of sensors, the control module is electrically connected with the sensing module, a temperature control model configured by the control module receives temperature, wind speed and liquid level data monitored by the sensors, the spraying quantity is calculated, the opening of an electromagnetic valve is adjusted, and the spraying quantity is regulated. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a temperature difference value between a pile entering temperature required by a galvanic pile and an actual pile entering temperature, judging whether a spraying starting condition is met, calculating a target spraying quantity based on a temperature control model and combining related data, adjusting the opening of an electromagnetic valve according to the target spraying quantity, and controlling the spraying quantity of a spray head. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the heat dissipation is finer and the water quantity is saved because the total heat needing to be taken away by spraying and the corresponding spraying water quantity are determined through the temperature control model, and compared with the prior art, the invention only uses the mode of starting the limited gear spraying according to the running power of the fuel cell system.

Inventors

SHI BINGJIE
DUAN YUTING
LIU WEI
QU HAIYANG
YU ZEFAN
LU MINGZHE
WANG HAITAO
YI YAFEI
MA FANGFANG

Assignees

北京亿华通科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260214

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell spray heat dissipation system for a fuel cell stack, comprising: the spraying module is connected with the water storage module, the water storage module is connected with a gas source module of the whole vehicle, and the opening of the electromagnetic valve between the water storage module and the gas source module is regulated and controlled to spray the radiator by the spraying module; the sensing module comprises a plurality of sensors which are respectively used for monitoring the ambient temperature, the actual stacking temperature, the radiator inlet temperature, the radiator outlet temperature, the core passing wind speed and the water storage module liquid level; the control module is electrically connected with the sensing module, inputs the temperature, wind speed and liquid level data monitored by the sensor module into a temperature control model for calculation configured by the sensor module to obtain spraying quantity, and adjusts the opening of the electromagnetic valve based on the spraying quantity so as to regulate and control the spraying quantity.
2. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation system according to claim 1, wherein the spray module comprises a spray header, the water storage module comprises an anode water separator, the anode water separator is communicated with a water storage tank and is used for collecting tail drainage of a galvanic pile into the water storage tank, and the spray header is connected with the water storage tank through a pipeline; The outside of positive pole water knockout drum all is wrapped up in the heat preservation.
3. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation system according to claim 2, wherein the air source module comprises an air storage tank of the whole vehicle, and one end of the air storage tank is connected with an air compressor; The air storage tank is communicated with the water storage tank, pressurizes water in the water storage tank, and sprays the radiator through the spray header.
4. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation system of claim 1, wherein the temperature control model includes calculating a heat gap based on a required heat dissipation amount and a theoretical heat dissipation amount, calculating a total heat to be taken away by spray heat dissipation based on a weight, calculating a theoretical evaporation amount based on the total heat, and mapping a corresponding spray amount based on the theoretical evaporation amount.
5. The fuel cell spray heat removal system of claim 2, wherein the control module is configured with at least two liquid level thresholds, including a first liquid level threshold and a second liquid level threshold, and wherein the first liquid level threshold is greater than the second liquid level threshold; The liquid level sensor collects liquid level data in the water storage tank in real time and feeds back the liquid level data to the control module, and the control module executes corresponding liquid level protection measures according to a comparison result of the liquid level data and the liquid level threshold value.
6. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation system of claim 5, comprising the liquid level protection measure comprising: When the liquid level data is larger than the first liquid level threshold value, the control module controls the electromagnetic valve to spray according to the target spraying quantity; When the liquid level data is larger than the second liquid level threshold value and smaller than the first liquid level threshold value, the control module controls the electromagnetic valve to spray according to the preset proportion of the target spraying amount; when the liquid level data is smaller than the second liquid level threshold value, the control module controls the electromagnetic valve to be closed to stop spraying, simultaneously outputs an alarm signal, sends a power limiting instruction to the fuel cell system, and limits the power output of the fuel cell system.
7. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation system according to claim 6, wherein the first liquid level threshold is 50% of the rated volume of the water storage device, the second liquid level threshold is 30% of the rated volume of the water storage device, the preset proportion is 70% -90%, and the alarm signal is an electric signal or an acousto-optic signal and is used for prompting the insufficient liquid level of the water storage device.
8. A fuel cell spray heat dissipation control method, characterized by being applied to the fuel cell spray heat dissipation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: acquiring the required stacking temperature and the actual stacking temperature of the electric stack, and calculating the temperature difference value of the required stacking temperature and the actual stacking temperature; judging whether the temperature difference value meets the spraying starting condition, if so, executing the next step, and if not, returning to the previous step to re-detect the temperature difference value; Based on a temperature control model, calculating a target spraying amount required by spraying by combining an ambient temperature, a required stacking temperature, an actual stacking temperature, a radiator inlet temperature, a radiator outlet temperature, a core passing wind speed and a real-time liquid level; And according to the target spraying amount, adjusting the opening of the electromagnetic valve, applying air pressure to the water storage device through the whole vehicle with the air storage tank, and controlling the spraying amount of the spray head.
9. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation control method according to claim 8, further comprising performing a liquid level protection method based on the real-time liquid level, adjusting a matching relationship of an actual spray amount and the target spray amount.
10. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation control method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature control model includes: Determining a required heat dissipation capacity of the electric pile; calculating theoretical heat dissipation capacity of the radiator based on a preset formula I; calculating a heat gap between the required heat dissipation capacity and the theoretical heat dissipation capacity based on a preset formula II; Calculating the total heat taken away by spraying and radiating based on a preset formula III; and calculating theoretical evaporation water quantity based on a preset formula IV, and mapping the theoretical evaporation water quantity to a corresponding chart to obtain actual spraying quantity.

Description

Fuel cell spray heat dissipation system and control method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell heat dissipation, and particularly relates to a fuel cell spray heat dissipation system and a control method. Background With the increase of the power of the fuel cell, the problem of high heat dissipation demand is increasingly prominent, which is about 30% higher than that of the conventional engine, which requires a heat dissipation system with higher heat dissipation efficiency and performance. At present, a spraying system is often adopted for heat dissipation, the spraying heat dissipation principle is that water mist is sprayed onto the surface of an object to be cooled through a nozzle, when liquid drops evaporate on the surface, ambient heat can be absorbed, water molecules are converted from a liquid phase to a gas phase, heat is consumed, and therefore the surface temperature is reduced, and heat can be taken away. While the heat dissipation is performed, the thermal management system of the fuel cell needs to precisely control the temperature of the electric pile, so that the excessive high or low temperature is avoided, and the activity of the catalyst and the stability of the proton exchange membrane are ensured. The spray amount of the spray system needs to be accurately regulated and controlled to maximize the heat dissipation efficiency. In the related art, for example, CN114759218a discloses a heat dissipation control method, which collects and stores water generated by operation of a fuel cell system, and starts two gears to spray and dissipate heat to a radiator according to the stored water level and the operation power of the fuel cell system. But when the water storage amount is lower than the preset value, the spraying cannot be started. And meanwhile, the output power of the fuel cell engine is taken as a judging condition for spray starting, and once the pile efficiency, the ambient temperature, the vehicle running speed and the wind speed change, the whole spray heat dissipation greatly affects the temperature control strategy. Another example is CN219350274U which discloses a fuel cell system latent heat system comprising a galvanic pile, a heat sink, an anode water separator, a water storage device, a water pump and a spray head. The spray head is communicated with the water storage device through a water pump. The flow of the spray head water is adjusted by the rotation speed of the water pump, the tail drainage recovery device is complex, the spray water quantity is adjusted by the water pump, and the equipment cost is high. To sum up, the prior art is difficult to carry out real-time and accurate regulation and control to the spraying amount of spraying system, influences radiating efficiency. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a fuel cell spray heat dissipation system and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art. To this end, an aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell spray heat dissipation system applied to a fuel cell stack, including: the spraying module is connected with the water storage module, the water storage module is connected with a gas source module of the whole vehicle, and the opening of the electromagnetic valve between the water storage module and the gas source module is regulated and controlled to spray the radiator by the spraying module; the sensing module comprises a plurality of sensors which are respectively used for monitoring the ambient temperature, the actual stacking temperature, the radiator inlet temperature, the radiator outlet temperature, the core passing wind speed and the water storage module liquid level; the control module is electrically connected with the sensing module, inputs the temperature, wind speed and liquid level data monitored by the sensor module into a temperature control model for calculation configured by the sensor module to obtain spraying quantity, and adjusts the opening of the electromagnetic valve based on the spraying quantity so as to regulate and control the spraying quantity. In some embodiments, the spray module comprises a spray header, the water storage module comprises an anode water separator, the anode water separator is communicated with a water storage tank and used for collecting tail drainage of the galvanic pile into the water storage tank, and the spray header is connected with the water storage tank through a pipeline; The outside of positive pole water knockout drum all is wrapped up in the heat preservation. In some embodiments, the air source module comprises an air storage tank of the whole vehicle, and one end of the air storage tank is connected with an air compressor; The air storage tank is communicated with the water storage tank, pressurizes water in the water storage tank, and sprays the radiator through the spray header. In some embodiments, the temperature control model includes cal