CN-122025703-A - Multi-coupling water management electric control method and system for hydrogen fuel cell

CN122025703ACN 122025703 ACN122025703 ACN 122025703ACN-122025703-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell water management and discloses a hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control method and system, wherein the control method comprises the steps of adopting a membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control logic, dynamically adjusting the humidification amount of a humidifier, the flow of a cooling waterway and the opening of a purge valve, and optimizing the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient; the dynamic load-changing pre-judging control logic is adopted to adjust the opening of the purge valve and the humidification amount of the humidifier, optimize the water balance response speed and the stability of the purified water amount, and the gesture adaptive control logic is adopted to adjust the opening of the cathode intake manifold and the opening of the drain valve in the low-lying area of the anode at the corresponding side, and optimize the air flow distribution uniformity and the membrane hydration stability. Through the membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control, the dynamic load-changing prejudgment control and the gesture adaptation control, the technical problems of water balance unbalance and the like caused by membrane hydration out-of-control and ice blockage, dynamic load-changing response lag and gesture change in a low-temperature environment are solved.

Inventors

YANG TIANYING
LUO YU
LIN SHAOBIN
GONG SIQI
ZHANG QING
JIANG LILONG

Assignees

福大紫金氢能科技股份有限公司
福州大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260205

Claims (10)

1. A method of electrically controlling multi-coupling water management of a hydrogen fuel cell, the method comprising: Monitoring the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient in real time, adopting a membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control logic, dynamically adjusting the humidification amount of a humidifier, the flow of a cooling waterway and the opening of a purge valve, and optimizing the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient; The current change rate of the integrated galvanic pile is monitored in real time, a dynamic variable load pre-judging control logic is adopted, the opening degree of a purge valve and the humidification amount of a humidifier are adjusted, and the water balance response speed and the water purification amount stability are optimized; The equipment posture is monitored in real time, and posture adaptation control logic is adopted to adjust the opening of a cathode air inlet manifold and the opening of a drain valve in a low-lying area of an anode on the corresponding side, so that the air flow distribution uniformity and the membrane hydration stability are optimized.
2. The method for electrically controlling multi-coupling water management of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein monitoring the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient in real time, dynamically adjusting the humidifier humidification amount, the cooling water path flow and the purge valve opening by adopting a membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control logic, and optimizing the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient comprises: Collecting pile current, cathode-anode temperature gradient, air inlet humidity and membrane hydration number under multiple working conditions as actual measurement training samples; Constructing a membrane hydration number prediction model based on a BP neural network; establishing a hydrothermal coupling simulation model of the fuel cell, and supplementing simulation data under extreme working conditions; Fusing the actually measured training sample and the simulation data, and carrying out training optimization on the prediction model; the current pile current, cathode-anode temperature gradient and air inlet humidity are collected in real time, and the membrane hydration number is predicted by using a trained prediction model.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control method of claim 2, wherein the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient are monitored in real time, and the membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control logic is adopted to dynamically adjust the humidification amount of the humidifier, the flow rate of the cooling waterway and the opening of the purge valve, and optimize the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient, and further comprising: Judging the relation between the membrane hydration number and a first threshold value and a second threshold value, wherein the first threshold value is smaller than the second threshold value; If the membrane hydration number is smaller than the first threshold, the humidification amount of the humidifier is increased, and meanwhile, the flow rate of the cooling waterway is reduced until the membrane hydration number meets a first preset requirement, namely that the membrane hydration number is smaller than the second threshold but not smaller than the first threshold, and the cathode-anode temperature gradient meets a second preset requirement, namely that the cathode-anode temperature gradient is smaller than a third threshold; If the membrane hydration number is larger than the second threshold value, reducing the humidification amount of the humidifier, increasing the opening of the purge valve, and simultaneously increasing the flow of the cooling waterway until the membrane hydration number meets a first preset requirement and the cathode-anode temperature gradient meets a second preset requirement; And if the membrane hydration number is smaller than the second threshold but not smaller than the first threshold, adopting a fuzzy PID algorithm, and dynamically adjusting the humidification amount of the humidifier and the flow of the cooling waterway according to the deviation of the membrane hydration number and a first preset requirement.
4. The hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control method according to claim 3, wherein the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient are monitored in real time, and the membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control logic is adopted to dynamically adjust the humidification amount of the humidifier, the flow rate of the cooling waterway and the opening of the purge valve, and optimize the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient, and further comprising: Judging whether the fluctuation amount of the membrane hydration number is smaller than a fourth threshold value; If the fluctuation amount of the membrane hydration number is smaller than the fourth threshold value, judging that the optimization is successful; If the fluctuation amount of the membrane hydration number is not smaller than the fourth threshold value, the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient are re-monitored, and the step of judging the relation between the membrane hydration number and the first threshold value and the second threshold value is returned.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control method according to claim 1, wherein the current change rate of the integrated galvanic pile is monitored in real time, the opening degree of the purge valve and the humidification amount of the humidifier are adjusted by adopting dynamic variable load pre-judging control logic, and the water balance response speed and the water purification amount stability are optimized, and the method comprises the following steps: Judging the relation between the current change rate and a fifth threshold value and a sixth threshold value, wherein the fifth threshold value is smaller than the sixth threshold value; If the current change rate is smaller than the fifth threshold value, the opening of the purge valve is reduced in advance for a first preset time, and the humidification amount of the humidifier is pre-increased until the water balance response time lag is smaller than a seventh threshold value and the fluctuation amount of the water purification amount is smaller than an eighth threshold value; If the current change rate is larger than the sixth threshold, the opening of the purge valve is increased in advance for a first preset time, and the humidification amount of the humidifier is reduced in advance until the water balance response time lag is smaller than a seventh threshold and the fluctuation amount of the water purification amount is smaller than an eighth threshold; And if the current change rate is smaller than the sixth threshold but not smaller than the fifth threshold, maintaining the current opening degree of the scavenging valve and the humidification amount of the humidifier.
6. The hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control method of claim 1, wherein monitoring equipment attitude in real time, adjusting cathode intake manifold opening and anode low-lying area drain valve opening on corresponding sides by adopting attitude adaptation control logic, optimizing gas flow distribution uniformity and membrane hydration stability, comprises: Monitoring a roll angle and a pitch angle of equipment postures; If the roll angle is larger than a ninth threshold value or the pitch angle is larger than a tenth threshold value, inquiring a mapping table of the roll angle/pitch angle and the intake manifold opening compensation value and a mapping table of the roll angle/pitch angle and the drain valve opening compensation value, and calculating a cathode intake manifold opening compensation value and an anode low-lying area drain valve opening compensation value on the corresponding side; Adjusting the opening of the cathode intake manifold at the corresponding side according to the opening compensation value of the cathode intake manifold at the corresponding side, and adjusting the opening of the drain valve at the anode low-lying area according to the opening compensation value of the drain valve at the anode low-lying area; if the roll angle and pitch angle of the equipment posture are not changed, the opening of the cathode intake manifold and the opening of the drain valve in the anode low-lying area at the current corresponding side are maintained.
7. The hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control method of claim 6, wherein the real-time monitoring of equipment attitude, the adjusting of cathode intake manifold opening and anode low-lying area drain valve opening on corresponding sides with attitude adaptation control logic, optimizing gas flow distribution uniformity and membrane hydration stability, further comprises: monitoring the airflow deflection rate and the membrane hydration number in real time; If the airflow deflection rate is smaller than an eleventh threshold value and the fluctuation amount of the membrane hydration number is smaller than a fourth threshold value, judging that the optimization is successful; and if the airflow deflection rate is not less than an eleventh threshold value or/and the fluctuation amount of the membrane hydration number is not less than a fourth threshold value, returning to the step of monitoring the roll angle and the pitch angle of the equipment gesture, and re-optimizing the airflow distribution uniformity and the membrane hydration stability.
8. A hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control system, the system comprising: The first optimizing module is used for monitoring the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient in real time, adopting a membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control logic, dynamically adjusting the humidification amount of the humidifier, the flow of a cooling waterway and the opening of a purge valve, and optimizing the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient; The second optimizing module is used for monitoring the current change rate of the integrated galvanic pile in real time, adopting dynamic variable load pre-judging control logic, adjusting the opening of the purge valve and the humidification amount of the humidifier, and optimizing the water balance response speed and the stability of the purified water amount; and the third optimizing module is used for monitoring equipment postures in real time, adjusting the opening of the cathode intake manifold and the opening of the drain valve in the anode low-lying area at the corresponding sides by adopting posture adaptation control logic, and optimizing air flow distribution uniformity and membrane hydration stability.
9. An electronic device, comprising: A memory and a processor in communication with each other, the memory having stored therein computer instructions that, upon execution, perform the hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control of any one of claims 1 to 7.

Description

Multi-coupling water management electric control method and system for hydrogen fuel cell Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell water management, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling water management electrical control method and system. Background The water management performance of the hydrogen fuel cell as a clean and efficient energy conversion system directly influences the output power, the service life and the operation stability of the electric pile. The existing hydrogen fuel cell water management technology mainly comprises the schemes of dew point feedback control of a humidification link, fixed frequency purging of a drainage link, average temperature adjustment of a thermal management link and the like, but has obvious defects under low-temperature dynamic working conditions: The low-temperature suitability is insufficient, in the working condition below-20 ℃, the prior art only controls the average temperature of a galvanic pile, the temperature gradient of a cathode and an anode exceeds 5 ℃, the fluctuation range of the hydration number lambda of a film reaches 2.5-10.2 and exceeds the optimal interval of 5-7, meanwhile, the ice blocking rate of a runner reaches 15%, frequent shutdown deicing is needed, the dynamic load change response is delayed, when the current change rate under the dynamic working condition reaches more than 30A/s, the response delay time exceeds 1s, the fluctuation of the water purifying amount reaches +/-2 g/min and the attenuation of a membrane electrode is accelerated, the equipment gesture change in a moving scene is caused by the equipment gesture change in the multi-working condition coupling suitable matching deficiency, the existing system does not establish a multi-parameter coupling model, and the self-adaptive adjustment cannot be realized. These problems severely limit the popularization and application of hydrogen fuel cells in low temperature, dynamic load changing and mobile scenarios. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a multi-coupling water management electric control method and system for a hydrogen fuel cell, which are used for solving the problems of water balance unbalance caused by membrane hydration out-of-control, ice blockage, dynamic load-changing response lag and posture change in the low-temperature environment in the prior art. In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for electrically controlling multi-coupling water management of a hydrogen fuel cell, the method comprising: Monitoring the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient in real time, adopting a membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control logic, dynamically adjusting the humidification amount of a humidifier, the flow of a cooling waterway and the opening of a purge valve, and optimizing the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient; The current change rate of the integrated galvanic pile is monitored in real time, a dynamic variable load pre-judging control logic is adopted, the opening degree of a purge valve and the humidification amount of a humidifier are adjusted, and the water balance response speed and the water purification amount stability are optimized; The equipment posture is monitored in real time, and posture adaptation control logic is adopted to adjust the opening of a cathode air inlet manifold and the opening of a drain valve in a low-lying area of an anode on the corresponding side, so that the air flow distribution uniformity and the membrane hydration stability are optimized. The invention provides a multi-coupling water management electric control method of a hydrogen fuel cell, which is characterized in that key operation parameters which are related and affected mutually in multiple dimensions are collected in real time, three core logics of membrane hydration-temperature cooperative control, dynamic load changing prejudgment and gesture adaptation are used for carrying out coupling modeling and cooperative decision making, and finally a plurality of actuators such as a humidifier, a cooling waterway regulating valve, a purge valve, a cathode air inlet manifold valve, an anode low-lying area drain valve and the like are linked, a full-link closed-loop linkage control mechanism of parameter collection-algorithm decision making-execution regulation is constructed, and core technical pain points such as membrane hydration runaway and runner ice blockage in a low-temperature environment, water balance response lag in a dynamic load changing working condition, water balance unbalance in a gesture changing scene and the like are effectively solved. In an alternative embodiment, the method for monitoring the membrane hydration number and the cathode-anode temperature gradient in real time, dynamically adjusting the humidification amount of the humidifier, the flow rate of the cooling waterway and the opening degree