CN-122025862-A - Hydration eutectic electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof

CN122025862ACN 122025862 ACN122025862 ACN 122025862ACN-122025862-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydration eutectic electrolyte, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The invention provides a mixed ligand hydration eutectic electrolyte strategy based on thermodynamic-kinetic balance. According to the strategy, the integrated regulation and control of the electrolyte phase microenvironment and interface chemistry are realized through the function coordination of acetamide (Ace) and 1, 3-dioxolane (Dol), so that side reactions are obviously inhibited, and the electrochemical performance is comprehensively improved.

Inventors

GAO XINPEI
Zheng Zhongjiong
LU FEI
SU LONG
GU HUI

Assignees

海南大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260311

Claims (10)

1. A hydrated eutectic electrolyte, characterized in that the electrolyte comprises zinc salt, bi-component mixed eutectic ligand molecules and water; The bi-component mixed eutectic ligand molecule is any two bi-components of urea, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, nicotinamide, difluorobenzene, 1, 3-dioxolane, sulfolane and tetrahydrofuran.
2. The hydrated eutectic electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the zinc salt is one or more of ZnCl 2 、Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 、ZnSO 4 、Zn(OTf) 2 、Zn(BF 4 ) 2 .
3. The hydrated eutectic electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the two-component mixed eutectic ligand molecules comprise eutectic ligand molecule 1 and eutectic ligand molecule 2; In the hydration eutectic electrolyte, the molar ratio of zinc salt to eutectic ligand molecule 1 to eutectic ligand molecule 2 to water is (0.5-1.5): 0.5-3: (1.5-2.5).
4. The aqueous eutectic electrolyte according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of zinc salt, eutectic ligand molecule 1, eutectic ligand molecule 2, and water in the aqueous eutectic electrolyte is (0.8-1.2): 1-2): 1.8-2.2.
5. A hydrated eutectic electrolyte according to claim 3, wherein the eutectic ligand molecule 1 is acetamide and the molar ratio of the eutectic ligand molecule 1 to the eutectic ligand molecule 2 is (1.5-2): 1-1.5, preferably (1.8-2): 1-1.2, when the eutectic ligand molecule 2 is 1, 3-dioxolane.
6. A method for preparing the hydrated eutectic electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: Mixing zinc salt, bi-component mixed eutectic ligand molecule and water, and stirring.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the stirring is performed for 5 to 10 minutes.
8. Use of the hydrated eutectic electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the hydrated eutectic electrolyte prepared by the preparation method according to claim 6 or 7 in the preparation of a battery.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the battery is an aqueous zinc ion battery.
10. A zinc ion battery, comprising an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is the hydrated eutectic electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the hydrated eutectic electrolyte prepared by the preparation method according to claim 6 or 7.

Description

Hydration eutectic electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a hydration eutectic electrolyte, a preparation method and application thereof. Background The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The core challenge faced by aqueous zinc batteries in practical applications stems from the inherent challenges of their electrolyte systems. Currently, it is difficult for aqueous electrolytes to achieve an effective balance between thermodynamic stability and rapid reaction kinetics. In the thermodynamic level, the zinc electrode cannot be kept stable in water environment and is in a metastable state, so that spontaneous dissolution occurs, and along with hydrogen evolution side reaction and surface passivation layer generation, the reduction of coulomb efficiency and the sharp reduction of cycle life of the battery are directly caused. In the aspect of dynamics, the problems of high ion migration resistance, slow interfacial charge transfer and the like lead to uneven distribution of zinc ions when the zinc ions are deposited on the surface of an electrode, zinc dendrites and electrochemical deactivated dead zinc are extremely easy to form, and active substances are irreversibly consumed. The existing electrolyte optimization scheme often falls into two difficulties, namely, the ionic conductivity is often reduced by the measure of enhancing thermodynamic stability such as increasing salt concentration, and the thermodynamic instability of an interface is possibly aggravated by the measure of enhancing kinetic performance such as reducing viscosity. The mutual constraint among the performance indexes makes the conventional electrolyte design unable to realize the reaction reversibility and interface stability of the zinc cathode synchronously, and seriously hinders the technical industrialization of the water-based zinc battery. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the hydrated eutectic electrolyte and the preparation method and application thereof, and the invention provides the weak solvated hydrated eutectic electrolyte with high interface stability, which can effectively inhibit the generation of hydrogen evolution side reaction and dendrite problems caused by the insufficient interface stability of the traditional electrolyte, and simultaneously improves the bulk phase and interface dynamics performance through an entropy increasing strategy, thereby having great scientific significance and application value. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hydrated eutectic electrolyte comprising a zinc salt, a two-component mixed eutectic ligand molecule and water; The bi-component mixed eutectic ligand molecule is mixed by two bi-components of urea, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, nicotinamide, difluorobenzene, 1, 3-dioxolane, sulfolane and tetrahydrofuran. In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the hydration eutectic electrolyte, which comprises the following steps: Mixing zinc salt, bi-component mixed eutectic ligand molecule and water, and stirring. In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the above-mentioned hydrated eutectic electrolyte or the hydrated eutectic electrolyte prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in preparing a battery, preferably an application of an aqueous zinc ion battery. In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a zinc ion battery comprising an electrolyte, the electrolyte being a hydrated eutectic electrolyte as described above. One or some of the above technical solutions have the following advantages or beneficial effects: (1) The invention provides a hydration eutectic electrolyte which comprises zinc salt, bi-component mixed eutectic ligand molecules and water, wherein the bi-component mixed eutectic ligand molecules are bi-component mixed of urea, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, nicotinamide, difluorobenzene, 1, 3-dioxolane, sulfolane and tetrahydrofuran. Therefore, the invention provides a design concept of 'two-component synergy', aims to maintain thermodynamic steady state and optimize dynamic behavior through the molecular combination of functional complementation, and opens up a new path for the construction of new-generation high-performance water-based zinc battery electrolyte. (2) The invention provides a mixed ligand hydration eutectic electrolyte strategy based on thermodynamic-kinetic balance. According to the strategy, the integrated regulation and control of the electroly