CN-122025889-A - Lithium ion battery recycling system and method

CN122025889ACN 122025889 ACN122025889 ACN 122025889ACN-122025889-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solid waste recycling, and discloses a lithium ion battery recovery processing system which comprises a crushing unit, a recovery processing unit and a roasting unit, wherein the crushing unit can crush a lithium ion battery after discharge and disassembly in a protective atmosphere environment, the recovery processing unit comprises a drying kiln and a cracking kiln, crushing products of the crushing unit are conveyed into the drying kiln in the protective atmosphere environment, the drying kiln is communicated with the cracking kiln, the dried products are conveyed into the cracking kiln in the protective atmosphere environment, the roasting unit comprises a combustion mechanism and a heat energy recovery mechanism, the combustion mechanism is communicated with the cracking kiln, and the heat energy recovery mechanism is communicated with the cracking kiln. According to the invention, the protective atmosphere environment is constructed, the battery is crushed under the charged state, the combustion heat energy is recovered for the pyrolysis kiln to work, the waste heat resource is fully utilized, and the energy utilization rate of the system is improved. The invention also provides a lithium ion battery recycling method.

Inventors

PENG YANSONG
CHANG YU
Ma Yinbo
TENG HONGRU
LIU FEIAN
LI MING
XIE JIYOU
ZHANG RUI
ZHANG SHUWEI
YANG HENGJIE
LI CHANGQING
WANG YAN
Chi wanran

Assignees

北京凯盛建材工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260206

Claims (10)

1. A lithium ion battery recycling system, comprising: The crushing unit can crush the lithium ion battery after discharge disassembly in a protective atmosphere environment; The recovery processing unit comprises a drying kiln and a cracking kiln, the drying kiln is communicated with the crushing unit, crushed products of the crushing unit are conveyed into the drying kiln in a protective atmosphere environment, the drying kiln can carry out drying treatment on the crushed products, the drying kiln is communicated with the cracking kiln, the dried products are conveyed into the cracking kiln in the protective atmosphere environment, and the cracking kiln can carry out cracking treatment on dried organic matters; the roasting unit comprises a combustion mechanism and a heat recovery mechanism, the combustion mechanism is communicated with the pyrolysis kiln, pyrolysis residues output by the pyrolysis kiln are conveyed to the combustion mechanism for combustion, the heat recovery mechanism can recover combustion heat of the combustion mechanism, and the heat recovery mechanism is communicated with the pyrolysis kiln.
2. The lithium ion battery recycling system according to claim 1, wherein the crushing unit comprises a plurality of stages of crushers, the crushers are arranged in series, and a crushed product outlet of the last stage of the crushers is communicated with the drying kiln.
3. The lithium ion battery recycling system according to claim 2, wherein the waste gas outlet of the crusher and the drying kiln is communicated with a flue gas condensing mechanism by a waste gas induced draft fan, the flue gas condensing mechanism can condense dust-containing waste gas generated in the crushing and drying processes, the gas outlet of the flue gas condensing mechanism is communicated with the combustion mechanism by a primary fan, and the waste water outlet of the flue gas condensing mechanism is connected with a waste water storage tank which is communicated with a sewage treatment station.
4. The lithium ion battery recycling system according to claim 3, wherein the recycling unit further comprises a scrubber and an oil-water separator, the gas outlet of the cracking kiln is communicated with the scrubber by a cracking induced draft fan, the scrubber can cool and purify high-temperature gas generated by cracking, the scrubber is communicated with the oil-water separator, and the oil-water separator separates washing products; The gas outlet of the oil-water separator is communicated with the flue gas condensing mechanism, the sewage outlet of the oil-water separator is communicated with the sewage treatment station, and the oil outlet of the oil-water separator is communicated with the combustion mechanism.
5. The lithium ion battery recycling system according to claim 1, wherein a metal dust collector is arranged between the heat energy recycling mechanism and the cracking kiln; the heat energy recovery mechanism is a grate cooler; the cracking kiln is also connected with an afterburning mechanism.
6. The lithium ion battery recycling system according to claim 1, wherein a closed conveyor is arranged between the crushing unit and the drying kiln and between the drying kiln and the cracking kiln; The crushing unit, the drying kiln, the cracking kiln and the closed conveyor are all communicated with a protection air source.
7. The lithium ion battery recycling system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the drying kiln is of a double-layer structure, the drying kiln comprises a kiln body and a heat preservation shell sleeved outside the kiln body, the kiln body can contain broken products, and a heat exchange cavity is formed between the kiln body and the heat preservation shell; the pyrolysis kiln has the same structure as the drying kiln, the heat energy recovery mechanism is communicated with the heat exchange cavity of the pyrolysis kiln, and the heat exchange cavity of the pyrolysis kiln is communicated with the heat exchange cavity of the drying kiln.
8. The lithium ion battery recycling system of claim 1, wherein the recycling unit further comprises a powder selecting mechanism, the powder selecting mechanism is communicated with the solid material outlet of the cracking kiln, and the powder selecting mechanism can screen cracked solid products.
9. The lithium ion battery recycling system as set forth in claim 8, wherein the powder selecting mechanism comprises a multi-stage separator; The powder selecting mechanism is also connected with a powder selecting and dedusting mechanism, and the powder selecting and dedusting mechanism can capture dust particles of the powder selecting mechanism.
10. A lithium ion battery recycling method, characterized in that the lithium ion battery recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, comprising the steps of: After the lithium ion battery is discharged and disassembled, inputting the lithium ion battery into the crushing unit, and crushing the materials in a protective atmosphere environment by the crushing unit; the crushed materials are input into the drying kiln, and the drying kiln is used for drying the crushed materials in a protective atmosphere environment; And the pyrolysis residue is conveyed to the combustion mechanism for combustion treatment, and the heat energy recovery mechanism recovers heat energy generated by the combustion mechanism and conveys the heat energy to the pyrolysis kiln for pyrolysis treatment.

Description

Lithium ion battery recycling system and method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling, in particular to a lithium ion battery recycling system and method. Background With the increasing demand of energy in human society, the importance of batteries as a portable energy storage device in daily life of people is increasing, and the batteries become one of third largest consumer products. Lithium ion batteries are important electronic base products, are also important support posts for development of new energy sources, new energy source electric vehicles and other emerging industries, and are widely applied to consumer electronics, power and energy storage systems. The number and weight of the resulting spent lithium ion batteries present a blowout type rise. The waste lithium ion battery contains a large amount of metal elements and organic matters, so that the waste lithium ion battery has potential economic value and has great pollution hidden trouble. The waste lithium ion battery can be recycled, so that pollution sources can be eliminated, and resources can be recycled, wherein the waste lithium ion battery comprises a large amount of valuable metal ions such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, aluminum, lithium and the like. The lithium battery recycling meets the environmental protection requirements of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and the battery recycling has huge economic value. According to industrial technical analysis, the existing waste lithium ion power battery recovery process scheme has the defects that the existing crushing process is required to rely on discharge pretreatment, chemical discharge (such as brine immersion) is easy to cause electrolyte pollution and wastewater treatment cost is greatly increased, and physical discharge (low-temperature liquid nitrogen immersion forced short circuit) has good environmental protection performance, but equipment investment and electric energy consumption are remarkable. Both the two modes are difficult to balance economy and operation safety, and restrict large-scale industrialized application. Meanwhile, the main stream low-temperature drying device adopts an electromagnetic induction heating technology, and has the defects of low heating rate and high unit energy consumption. Meanwhile, the system does not effectively integrate waste heat resources of industrial scenes, so that the energy utilization rate is less than 30%, and the carbon emission intensity is indirectly improved. In addition, the high-concentration HF (hydrogen fluoride) gas released in the drying process is required to be provided with a multi-stage combined purification system to realize standard treatment, and the equipment investment and the operation and maintenance cost of the treatment unit are obviously higher than those of the conventional waste gas treatment facilities. Meanwhile, due to the multicomponent characteristics of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) waste gas, the conventional purification process is difficult to meet the continuous and stable emission requirement, so that the overall environmental protection treatment cost is further increased. In addition, existing sorting processes lack an effective recovery path for organic components such as membranes, binders, and the like. Therefore, how to change the current situation that the electrolyte pollution and the treatment cost cannot be considered in the recovery process of the waste lithium ion power battery in the prior art is a problem to be solved urgently by the person skilled in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery recycling system and method, which are used for solving the problems of the related art, crushing is carried out in a battery charge state by constructing a protective atmosphere environment, pollution caused by chemical soaking discharge is avoided, meanwhile, the treatment cost is saved, the combustion heat energy is fully utilized, and the utilization rate of waste heat resources is improved. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: The invention provides a lithium ion battery recycling system, which comprises: The crushing unit can crush the lithium ion battery after discharge disassembly in a protective atmosphere environment; The recovery processing unit comprises a drying kiln and a cracking kiln, the drying kiln is communicated with the crushing unit, crushed products of the crushing unit are conveyed into the drying kiln in a protective atmosphere environment, the drying kiln can carry out drying treatment on the crushed products, the drying kiln is communicated with the cracking kiln, the dried products are conveyed into the cracking kiln in the protective atmosphere environment, and the cracking kiln can carry out cracking treatment on dried organic matters; the roasting unit comprises a combustion mechanism and a hea