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CN-122025902-A - Recycling method of waste lithium battery

CN122025902ACN 122025902 ACN122025902 ACN 122025902ACN-122025902-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste lithium battery recycling method, which comprises the following steps of S1, milling a pole column in battery input electrode batch milling equipment, S2, measuring the size of a battery, outputting optimal current to discharge the battery, S3, adjusting the direction of the battery, extracting electrolyte in the battery, S4, nailing the battery for secondary discharging, standing for a period of time, taking out, S5, cutting a shell of the battery, taking out a winding core, S6, bi-directionally cutting the winding core into pieces, S7, conveying the winding core into a winding core strip breaker into the pieces to be broken, S8, introducing single pieces into a sorting device through an air pipe, separating positive plates, negative plates and diaphragm plates to obtain positive products and negative products, and S9, introducing the sorted positive products and negative products into a color sorting unit to carry out color sorting.

Inventors

  • DAI YUANSHEN
  • Yao Lingke
  • WANG RUZHOU
  • HU WENJUN
  • Xiang Renyong

Assignees

  • 福建常青新能源科技有限公司
  • 巴斯夫（中国）有限公司
  • 成都祐健科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260410

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The waste lithium battery recycling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, inputting batteries into batch milling equipment (A), fixing the batteries, positioning the positions of the polar posts, and milling the polar posts; S2, measuring the size of the battery, comparing the measured size of the battery with data in a database to obtain a battery discharging scheme matched with the currently detected battery, obtaining an optimal discharging current scheme corresponding to the battery, transferring the battery into a battery discharging rest (21) which is not operated by a discharging cabinet (32) in a stereoscopic warehouse cabinet (30) through a loading and unloading manipulator (312), and discharging the battery by the discharging cabinet (32) through a connecting terminal, outputting an optimal current conducting copper sheet (27); S3, adjusting the direction of the discharged battery through a battery steering positioning structure, enabling an explosion-proof valve of the battery to be downward, and puncturing the explosion-proof valve of the battery after being fixed through a battery liquid discharging device to pump out electrolyte in the battery; S4, driving steel nails into the battery after the liquid pumping through a battery nailing device (D), enabling the steel nails to puncture a battery shell and a winding core of the battery to carry out secondary discharge, placing the battery into a buffer cabinet (F), standing, and removing the steel nails through a nail removing device (E) from the standing battery; s5, cutting the shell of the battery, pushing out the winding core of the battery from the shell, independently recycling the shell of the battery, and conveying the winding core of the battery to the next station; S6, conveying the winding cores to a bidirectional slitting device of a cutting station for cutting, so that the winding cores are changed into fragments formed by bonding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm together from blocks; S7, conveying the broken sheet-shaped winding cores into a winding core strip scattering device, scattering fragments by the winding core strip scattering device, and separating the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm to form single fragments; s8, introducing the monomer fragments into a sorting device through an air pipe, and separating the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm to obtain a positive electrode product and a negative electrode product; and S9, introducing the separated positive electrode products and negative electrode products into a color selector set (3) for color selection, and conveying positive electrode fragments and negative electrode fragments obtained after the color selection into a collecting container through different conveying belts respectively.
  2. 2. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is to extract the boundary coordinates of the battery case by the encoder and combine the boundary coordinates with the position data to obtain the actual size of the battery.
  3. 3. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the batteries is monitored through a two-way temperature detection structure (24) in the discharging process of the S2, when the temperature of the batteries is monitored to exceed a set threshold value, a current distribution structure on the discharging cabinet (32) adjusts the discharging current, the threshold value comprises a first threshold value, a second threshold value and a third threshold value, when the temperature of the batteries reaches the first threshold value, the power of an external fan (252) on the discharging cabinet (32) reaches the maximum, when the temperature of the batteries reaches the second threshold value, the current of the discharging cabinet (32) is reduced, when the temperature of the batteries reaches the third threshold value, the discharging cabinet (32) is closed, and the feeding and discharging manipulator (312) transfers the batteries into a water tank to extinguish fire.
  4. 4. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 specifically comprises: S61, moving the whole roll core to a position of a cutting structure (83) to cut the roll core into strips; s62, moving the strip-shaped winding core strip to a two-way cutting structure (85) to cut the winding core into sheets.
  5. 5. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the core strip breaker in S3 discharges part of the metal particles and the small particles from the bottom of the core strip breaker when breaking up the fragments.
  6. 6. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the step S8 specifically comprises: S81, introducing the separated positive plate, negative plate and diaphragm into a sorting device, carrying out first air separation by a first air separator (1), lifting the diaphragm serving as a light component to a cyclone separator, recombining and sinking, and separating the diaphragm from the positive plate and the negative plate; S82, introducing the sunk heavy component into a second winnowing machine (2) for secondary air separation, screening out the residual small diaphragm sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and separating the negative electrode sheet from the positive electrode sheet.
  7. 7. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the step S9 specifically comprises the steps of respectively passing the separated positive electrode products and negative electrode products to a first color sorter (301) and a second color sorter (302), and respectively screening positive electrode fragments and negative electrode fragments through the first color sorter (301) and the second color sorter (302).
  8. 8. The waste lithium battery recycling method is characterized by comprising electrode batch milling equipment (A), wherein the electrode batch milling equipment comprises a milling machine table (10), a milling section feeding conveyor belt (11) for conveying batteries is arranged at one end of the milling machine table (10), a milling section discharging conveyor belt is connected to the other end of the milling machine table (10), and a movable milling structure for milling the batteries is arranged on the milling machine table (10); the recycling discharging device (B) comprises a measuring table (16) for measuring the size of a battery, a milling section discharging conveying belt is arranged on one side, close to discharging, of the measuring table (16), a plurality of stereoscopic warehouse cabinets (30) are arranged on two sides of the milling section discharging conveying belt, an adaptive distribution adjusting structure (31) comprises an upper discharging manipulator (312) and a lower discharging manipulator (312) arranged on the milling section discharging conveying belt, a discharging device comprises a plurality of battery discharging arrangement frames (21) arranged on the stereoscopic warehouse cabinets (30), two discharging modules (22) are arranged on the battery discharging arrangement frames (21), copper sheets (27) are fixedly connected onto the discharging modules (22), the copper sheets (27) are connected into a discharging cabinet (32) through connecting terminals, a current distribution structure comprises a plurality of discharging cabinets (32) arranged inside the stereoscopic warehouse cabinets (30), and all the discharging cabinets (32) are connected into the same terminal, and the number of the discharging cabinets (32) is in one-to-one correspondence with the number and the positions of the battery discharging arrangement frames (21); the battery liquid discharge device (C) comprises a liquid discharge cabinet (54), a plurality of support arms and a battery steering positioning structure, wherein the support arms are arranged in the liquid discharge cabinet (54), a liquid discharge portal frame (56) is arranged on the support arms, a liquid discharge feeding structure (57) is arranged on the liquid discharge portal frame (56), a plurality of battery puncture structures (58) are arranged in the same row of the liquid discharge feeding structure (57), and the battery liquid discharge device further comprises a battery steering positioning structure; the battery nailing device (D) comprises a nailing machine cabinet (60), wherein the nailing machine cabinet (60) is sequentially provided with a first nailing transmission belt (601), a nailing station (602), a second nailing transmission belt (603) and a third nailing transmission belt (604), the upper end of the nailing station (602) is provided with a nailing structure (61), and the battery nailing device further comprises an automatic nailing structure (62); The nail taking device (E) comprises a nail taking machine cabinet (70), wherein a nail taking transmission frame (71) is arranged on the nail taking machine cabinet (70), a nail taking portal frame (72) is arranged above the nail taking transmission frame (71), a nail taking limiting structure (73) and a nail taking structure (74) are arranged in the middle of the nail taking portal frame (72), and the nail taking structure (74) is positioned on one side of a battery, on which steel nails are fixed, and the nail taking device further comprises a nail taking detection structure (75); a buffer cabinet (F) is arranged between the battery nailing device (D) and the nail taking device (E); The sorting equipment (G) comprises a bidirectional slitting device, a winding core strip scattering device and a sorting device, wherein the bidirectional slitting device comprises a slitting cabinet (80), a middle section slitting feeding piece (81) is arranged on the slitting cabinet (80), two slitting stations are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle section slitting feeding piece (81), a bidirectional slitting component is arranged on each slitting station, the winding core strip scattering device comprises a scattering frame (90), a scattering fixed cylinder (95) and a scattering movable cylinder (96) positioned in the scattering fixed cylinder (95) are arranged on the scattering frame (90), the sorting device comprises a first winnowing machine (1) connected with a winding core blanking cylinder (98) through an air pipe, heavy components of the first winnowing machine (1) are connected onto a second winnowing machine (2) through the air pipe, and the second winnowing machine (2) is connected with a color sorter group (3).
  9. 9. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 8, wherein the encoder of the measuring table (16) is electrically connected with the feeding and discharging manipulator (312), the feeding and discharging manipulator (312) is electrically connected with the discharging cabinet (32), and when the feeding and discharging manipulator (312) transfers the battery with measured size to the corresponding battery discharging rack (21), the discharging cabinet (32) corresponding to the battery discharging rack (21) outputs current with corresponding size according to the size of the battery.
  10. 10. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 9, wherein the breaking frame (90) extends upwards to form two total processing cylinder fixing frames (91), the two total processing cylinder fixing frames (91) are movably provided with a total processing cylinder (92), one end of each total processing cylinder (92) is provided with a total processing cylinder driving structure (93), the other end of each total processing cylinder (92) is provided with a winding core feeding cylinder (94), the winding core feeding cylinder (94) is connected with a discharge port of a slitting conveyor belt (87), the total processing cylinders (92) comprise a breaking fixed cylinder (95) fixed on the total processing cylinder fixing frames (91), the inner side of each breaking fixed cylinder (95) is provided with a breaking movable cylinder (96), the breaking movable cylinder (96) is connected with the total processing cylinder driving structure (93), the lower end of each breaking fixed cylinder (95) is connected with a lower discharging structure (97), the lower end of each total processing cylinder fixing frame (91) is far away from the winding core feeding cylinder (94), and the outer side of the breaking fixed cylinder (95) is provided with a breaking fixed cylinder (98).

Description

Recycling method of waste lithium battery Technical Field The invention relates to a battery recycling device, in particular to a waste lithium battery recycling treatment method. Background The current large-scale retirement tide of power batteries is coming, the comprehensive utilization amount of domestic retired power batteries breaks through hundreds of thousands tons according to 2024 data, the corresponding market scale is huge, and the retired lithium batteries are expected to be mainly sourced from new energy automobiles and consumer electronic equipment in the subsequent breakthrough of trillion yuan scale, the existing treatment mode of waste batteries is a parallel binary technical path of 'gradient utilization' and 'recycling', the 'gradient utilization' is a battery with healthier capacity, the battery can be recycled in the fields of communication base stations, low-speed electric vehicles, distributed energy storage and the like, and the 'recycling' is a mode of obtaining black powder after physical crushing for recycling valuable metals through hydrometallurgy for the battery with capacity lower than 40%. When the traditional 'recycling' is used for physically crushing the battery, the whole crushing mode is adopted, the waste battery is directly thrown into the crusher to be crushed, and the crushed product is sieved and separated to obtain the black powder, but the proportion of the obtained black powder to the total material is small due to excessive components in the crushed product, so that the prior art also adopts a mode of removing the shell to treat the winding core of the battery, a plurality of steps are needed when the winding core is used for separating the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm, and equipment clamping belts are often caused due to different winding modes of different electric cores, and shutdown maintenance is needed, so that the yield of the black powder cannot be improved. Therefore, the scheme aims to provide a recovery processing method for waste lithium batteries, which can cut off the outer shell of the batteries after completely discharging the electric quantity of the batteries, break up and separate the rolled core after cutting the rolled core into fragments, and separate the rolled core fragments and then select the color, so that 70-80 percent of positive electrode materials and negative electrode materials in the rolled core fragments can be separated, and the yield of black powder is improved. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a waste lithium battery recycling method which can effectively solve the problems. The invention is realized in the following way: a method for recycling waste lithium batteries comprises the following steps: s1, inputting batteries into batch milling equipment, fixing the batteries, positioning the positions of the polar posts, and milling the polar posts; S2, measuring the size of the battery, comparing the measured size of the battery with data in a database to obtain a battery discharging scheme matched with the currently detected battery, obtaining an optimal discharging current scheme corresponding to the battery, transferring the battery into a battery discharging rest frame which is not operated by a discharging cabinet in a stereoscopic warehouse cabinet through a loading and unloading manipulator, and discharging the battery by the discharging cabinet through a connecting terminal to output an optimal current conducting copper sheet; S3, adjusting the direction of the discharged battery through a battery steering positioning structure, enabling an explosion-proof valve of the battery to be downward, and puncturing the explosion-proof valve of the battery after being fixed through a battery liquid discharging device to pump out electrolyte in the battery; S4, driving steel nails into the battery after the liquid is pumped through a battery nailing device, enabling the steel nails to puncture a battery shell and a winding core of the battery to carry out secondary discharge, placing the battery into a cache cabinet for standing, and removing the steel nails through a nail removing device after standing; s5, cutting the shell of the battery, pushing out the winding core of the battery from the shell, independently recycling the shell of the battery, and conveying the winding core of the battery to the next station; S6, conveying the winding cores to a bidirectional slitting device of a cutting station for cutting, so that the winding cores are changed into fragments formed by bonding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm together from blocks; S7, conveying the broken sheet-shaped winding cores into a winding core strip scattering device, scattering fragments by the winding core strip scattering device, and separating the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm to form single fragments; s8, introducing the monomer fragments into a sorting device through an air