CN-122026053-A - Multi-feed common-caliber patch antenna for realizing multi-sector controllable radiation

Abstract

The invention discloses a common-caliber multi-feed patch antenna structure capable of realizing controllable radiation patterns of a plurality of sectors. In order to realize horizontal plane omnidirectional (360 DEG) radiation coverage and effectively inhibit high coupling among ports, the invention optimizes the layout of three feed ports, introduces a combined structure of a Y-shaped groove, an edge metal via hole and a patch outer ring, and effectively improves isolation among ports. Experiments show that the circular patch antenna structure can realize azimuth omnidirectional radiation, and the isolation between ports is higher than 14 dB. The characteristic frequency offset caused by the additional structure compared to a standard patch antenna can be compensated for by adjusting the size of the radiating patch. The invention realizes effective radiation coverage of nearly 360 degrees through a plurality of sectors, effectively inhibits high coupling among ports and miniaturization of an antenna array, and is suitable for the fields of indoor positioning, wireless communication and sensing integrated systems and the like.

Inventors

• LV XIANYANG
• WANG XUPENG
• SUN MEI
• LU SHUAI
• FU YANWEI
• ZHANG YONGWEI
• SHI QUAN

Assignees

• 南通大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260323

Claims (8)

1. 1. The common-caliber multi-feed patch antenna structure capable of realizing horizontal plane omnidirectional radiation is characterized by comprising a radiation patch, a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer and three feed ports; The radiation patch is a symmetrical circular patch with a Y-shaped groove at the center, and the Y-shaped groove is used for isolating surface currents excited by different feed ports; three groups of first metallized through holes are distributed on the edge of the symmetrical circular radiation patch along the circumferential direction, and each group comprises a plurality of through holes and is used for electrically connecting the radiation patch to a ground layer; A circular patch outer ring is constructed on the periphery of the radiation patch, and the patch outer ring is connected with a ground layer through three second metallized through holes; and constructing a circular matching groove on the grounding layer at a position corresponding to each feed port, and realizing impedance matching of the feed ports.
2. 2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the "Y" shaped slot structure is configured to divide the surface of the circular radiating patch into three isolation regions corresponding to the number of feed ports.
3. 3. The structure of claim 1, wherein the three feed ports are symmetrically distributed about a center of the circular radiating patch, and each port is located within an isolation region divided by the "Y" shaped slot structure.
4. 4. The structure of claim 1 wherein said first metallized vias are grouped in three groups, the central vias in each group being positioned in close alignment with the direction of one of the branches of said central "Y" shaped slot.
5. 5. The structure of claim 4, wherein a center-to-center spacing S h of the adjacent first metallized vias satisfies S h = d h +D h , wherein D h is a via diameter and D h is a distance from a via edge to a radiating patch edge.
6. 6. The structure of claim 1, wherein the second metallized vias are in one-to-one correspondence with three feed ports, and each set of corresponding vias and ports are collinear with a center of the radiating patch, thereby forming a symmetrical ground and radiating structure.
7. 7. The structure of claim 1, wherein the Y-shaped slot length and the three feed port locations together control the isolation between the feed ports and the effective radiating surface direction and extent of each feed port in operation.
8. 8. The structure of claim 1, wherein the circular slot is sized to match an input impedance of the feed port to 50Ω.

Description

Multi-feed common-caliber patch antenna for realizing multi-sector controllable radiation Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of microwaves, in particular to a common-caliber multi-feed patch antenna structure for Wi-Fi indoor positioning. Background Patch antennas are widely used in modern wireless communication and sensing and positioning systems because of their low profile, light weight, low cost, ease of manufacture, ability to be conformally integrated with circuit boards, and the like. However, arranging a plurality of dense feeding ports in a limited space and feeding the same radiating patch may cause a strong mutual coupling effect. This not only results in antenna impedance mismatch, radiation pattern distortion, but also affects the stability of polarization characteristics, making the design objective of multi-port feeds difficult to achieve. Conventional single-feed patch antennas generally have fixed radiation patterns, limited beam widths, and difficulty in achieving 360 ° omnidirectional coverage in the horizontal plane. Although a plurality of radiation beams can be formed to expand coverage area by increasing the number of feed ports, when a plurality of ports are integrated in the same radiation patch, serious inter-port coupling is introduced, resulting in problems of antenna performance degradation, pattern distortion, positioning accuracy degradation, etc., which become key technical bottlenecks in the design of the multi-feed antenna. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the technical bottlenecks of limited beam coverage of a single-feed patch antenna, impedance mismatch, pattern distortion, performance deterioration and the like caused by strong mutual coupling effect when multiple feed ports are integrated on the same radiation patch in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an innovative common-caliber multiple-feed patch antenna structure. The invention has the specific purpose of overcoming the limitation of narrow wave beam of the traditional single-feed patch antenna by cooperatively working with multiple ports to form effective radiation coverage of nearly 360 degrees in the horizontal plane. And the electromagnetic coupling between the ports is obviously reduced through innovative structural design while integrating a plurality of feed ports in the limited caliber. In the process of expanding coverage range and improving isolation, the antenna is ensured to maintain good core performances such as impedance matching, radiation efficiency and the like. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a common-caliber multi-feed patch antenna structure capable of realizing horizontal plane omnidirectional radiation. The structure mainly comprises a radiation patch, a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, an additional structure including a Y-shaped groove, an edge metallization via hole, a patch outer ring and the like from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of feed ports are integrated on the radiation patch. On the one hand, the radiation patch is round and is formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate through a metallization process, and the radiation patch is preferably made of copper and has a diameter of l in. A "Y" shaped slot is etched in the center of the circular radiating patch, which physically divides the patch surface into three equally-sized sector-shaped isolation regions. The Y-shaped groove is formed in the center of the radiation patch to divide the surface of the patch into three mutually isolated independent areas, so that the coupling paths between surface currents excited by different feed ports are effectively blocked, and the core decoupling structure for realizing high isolation between ports is formed. Further, the three coaxial feed ports are strictly and symmetrically distributed by taking the center of the radiation patch as the center of the circle, the distances between the ports and the center of the circle are the same, the distances between the ports and the center of the circle are all a, and the included angles between the adjacent ports are all 120 degrees. The symmetrical layout forms an important basis of the whole design, and has complete rotational symmetry, so that the performance of all other ports can be completely deduced only by analyzing the S parameter (such as return loss and isolation with other ports) of one port in detail in the design optimization and simulation process, thereby greatly simplifying the design and analysis process. At the same time, each port is precisely located within a separate sub-area divided by a "Y" shaped slot. The layout not only physically limits the coupling paths among the ports and effectively reduces mutual interference, but also ensures that each port can mainly excite and control the radiation direction corresponding to the sub-region where the port is positioned. The beams generated by respective excitation of the three ports re