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CN-122026064-A - Compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna

CN122026064ACN 122026064 ACN122026064 ACN 122026064ACN-122026064-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna, which belongs to the technical field of microwave millimeter wave antennas and comprises a radiation body, two groups of coaxial feed structures and a base, wherein the coaxial feed structures and the base are orthogonally arranged, the radiation body comprises two groups of polarized radiation pairs which are orthogonally arranged at 90 degrees, each group of polarized radiation pairs consists of two symmetrical ridge-shaped radiation arms, a gradual change groove line which widens from a feed end to a radiation port end is formed between the two arms, the two groups of coaxial feed structures respectively correspond to the two groups of polarized radiation pairs to form a differential feed structure, and the base is provided with two groups of orthogonal U-shaped back lining cavities respectively corresponding to the two groups of polarized radiation pairs. The ultra-wideband antenna disclosed by the invention has the advantages that under the compact size of 47mm multiplied by 62mm, the ultra-wideband coverage of 6GHz-50GHz is realized, the voltage standing wave ratio of the full frequency band is less than or equal to 2.0, the port isolation is more than or equal to 15dB, the actual gain is more than or equal to 5dBi, and meanwhile, the ultra-wideband antenna has a stable end-shot radiation pattern, so that the technical problem that the existing ultra-wideband antenna cannot simultaneously achieve wide bandwidth, high isolation, stable radiation and miniaturization is solved.

Inventors

  • Ali Laza
  • Sang Yangxin
  • SHEN ZHONGXIANG

Assignees

  • 北京理工大学长三角研究院(嘉兴)

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260317

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a four spine Vivaldi antennas of compact ultra wide band double polarization, includes radiation body, two sets of coaxial feed structures that set up perpendicularly to and base, its characterized in that: the radiation body comprises two groups of polarized radiation pairs, wherein the two groups of the radiation pairs are arranged in a 90-degree orthogonal cross manner in space to form a four-ridge radiation structure, the two groups of the polarized radiation pairs comprise two ridge-shaped radiation arms which are symmetrically arranged, the feed ends of the two ridge-shaped radiation arms in the same group are oppositely arranged, the radiation port ends of the two ridge-shaped radiation arms are outwards opened, a gradual change slot line which is continuously widened from the feed end to the radiation port end is formed between the two arms, and the narrow slit of the feed end of the gradual change slot line is the feed throat of the antenna; The two groups of coaxial feed structures are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two groups of polarized radiation pairs, the outer conductor of each coaxial feed structure is electrically connected with the feed end of any ridge-shaped radiation arm in the corresponding polarized radiation pair, and the inner conductor of each coaxial feed structure passes through the feed throat and is electrically connected with the feed end of the other ridge-shaped radiation arm in the corresponding polarized radiation pair to form a differential feed structure; The radiation device comprises a radiation body, a base, two groups of U-shaped back lining cavities, two radiation pairs and two side walls, wherein the base is arranged at the bottom of the feed end of the radiation body, two groups of U-shaped back lining cavities which are orthogonally arranged are arranged on the base, the two groups of U-shaped back lining cavities are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two groups of polarized radiation pairs, the opening of the U-shaped back lining cavity faces the radiation port end of the radiation body, and the two side walls of the cavity are respectively fixed with and electrically connected with the bottoms of the feed ends of the two ridge-shaped radiation arms corresponding to the polarized radiation pairs.
  2. 2. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein the outer profile of the ridge radiating arm is defined by a modified exponential ramp curve, and the modified exponential ramp curve has the following expression: ; In the formula, For the axial position of the antenna The vertical distance from the edge of the ridge-shaped radiation arm to the central axis of the antenna; an initial half slot width of the feed throat; is an exponential growth rate and meets ; The value range is that the axial coordinate of the antenna is , For the total axial length of the radiating body, The maximum caliber half width of the antenna radiation port end is set; the linear term is enhanced for low frequency apertures.
  3. 3. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein the edge of the radiation port end of the ridge-shaped radiation arm is provided with at least one group of slot structures, and the slot direction of the slot structures is parallel to the axial direction of the antenna.
  4. 4. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metal layer of the radiating body is 3mm, the metal edges of all ridge radiating arms are subjected to 45-degree chamfering, and the chamfering width is 0.4mm.
  5. 5. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, wherein the coaxial feed structure adopts a 2.4mm radio frequency coaxial connector, an inner conductor of the coaxial feed structure is provided with an impedance matching section with the length of 5.5mm, and the tail end of the impedance matching section is welded and fixed with a feed end of a ridge radiating arm.
  6. 6. The compact ultra wideband dual polarized four ridge Vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein the U-shaped backing cavity has a slot depth of 19mm, the slot width matching the feed throat width of the corresponding radiating pair.
  7. 7. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, wherein the overall dimension of the antenna is 47mm x 62mm, and the working frequency range covers 6GHz-50GHz.
  8. 8. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna according to claim 7, wherein the port isolation between the two sets of coaxial feed structures is not less than 20dB in the 6GHz-36GHz frequency band, and the port isolation between the two sets of coaxial feed structures is not less than 15dB in the 36GHz-50GHz frequency band.
  9. 9. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna according to claim 7, wherein the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0 in the full frequency range of 6GHz-50GHz, the actual gain is more than or equal to 5dBi, and the peak actual gain at a frequency point of 37.5GHz is more than or equal to 10dBi.
  10. 10. The compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna of claim 7, wherein the 3dB beamwidth of the antenna has a smooth narrowing trend with increasing operating frequency, the 3dB beamwidth at the 6GHz frequency point is 93.3 °, and the 3dB beamwidth at the 50GHz frequency point is 24.3 °.

Description

Compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave millimeter wave antennas, and particularly relates to a compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna. Background With the rapid development of 5G-Advanced and 6G communication and millimeter wave radar technology, modern electronic systems have put forward multi-dimensional stringent requirements on the performance of antennas, namely, the requirements of covering 6GHz-50GHz ultra-wide working frequency bands, having orthogonal dual-polarization diversity capability, maintaining stable end-fire radiation patterns in the whole frequency band, excellent impedance matching and high port isolation are met, and meanwhile, the requirements of miniaturization, easy integration and easy processing engineering are required. The existing ultra-wideband dual-polarized antenna is mainly divided into two technical routes: The first type is a traditional four-ridge horn antenna, ultra-wideband impedance matching can be realized by virtue of a four-ridge loading structure, and meanwhile, the antenna has excellent polarization isolation and stable radiation characteristics, but has the inherent defects of huge volume, limited low-frequency cut-off frequency by caliber size, large axial length for covering a 6GHz low-frequency band, incapability of adapting to a miniaturized system with limited space and extremely high integration difficulty with a planar radio-frequency circuit. The second type is a conventional dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, which is used as an end-fire traveling wave antenna, broadband radiation can be realized by means of a gradual change slot line structure, the structure is planar and easy to integrate, but the existing dual-polarized scheme has obvious technical shortboards, namely, the coupling between orthogonal polarization channels is serious, the isolation of ports in the full frequency band is difficult to meet the requirement, the wave beam width in the ultra-wide frequency range of 6GHz-50GHz is severely fluctuated, the gain in the low frequency band is low, the caliber in the high frequency band is diffracted to cause pattern distortion, and particularly in the millimeter wave high frequency band, the impedance matching performance and the radiation efficiency are obviously deteriorated, and the full frequency band stable work cannot be realized. At present, the existing ultra-wideband antenna design is often focused on expanding bandwidth, improving gain or reducing size, and cannot systematically solve the core technical problems of low standing wave, high isolation, stable wave beam and miniaturization in the ultra-wideband frequency range of 6GHz-50GHz, and the comprehensive performance requirement of a modern electronic system on the ultra-wideband dual-polarized antenna cannot be met. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a compact ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge Vivaldi antenna, solve the problems that the ultra-wideband dual-polarized antenna in the prior art cannot achieve excellent impedance matching, high port isolation, stable radiation characteristics and technical pain points of a compact structure in a full frequency band of 6GHz-50GHz, achieve high-performance radiation from microwaves to millimeter waves in the full frequency band under the extremely small physical size, and ensure that the structure is easy to process and integrate with a planar radio frequency system. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: The utility model provides a four spine Vivaldi antennas of compact ultra wide band double polarization, includes radiation body, two sets of coaxial feed structures that set up perpendicularly to and base, its characterized in that: the radiation body comprises two groups of polarized radiation pairs, wherein the two groups of the polarized radiation pairs are arranged in a 90-degree orthogonal cross manner in space to form a four-ridge radiation structure, the two groups of the polarized radiation pairs comprise two ridge-shaped radiation arms which are symmetrically arranged, the feed ends of the two ridge-shaped radiation arms in the same group are oppositely arranged, the radiation port ends of the two ridge-shaped radiation arms are outwards opened, a gradual change slot line which is continuously widened from the feed end to the radiation port end is formed between the two arms, and the narrow slit of the feed end of the gradual change slot line is the feed throat of an antenna and is used as a coupling feed-in area of radio frequency signals; The two groups of coaxial feed structures are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two groups of polarized radiation pairs, the outer conductor of the coaxial feed structure is electrically connected with the feed end of any ridge-shape