CN-122026074-A - Ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and an array applied to a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system, which relate to the technical field of antennas and comprise at least one ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit, and are characterized in that the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit comprises a dielectric substrate; the pulse feed port, the balun matching section, the elliptic adjustment branch, the radiation arm gradual transition zone and the parasitic radiation branch are sequentially cascaded, and the time domain response is used as a core optimization target, so that excellent time domain characteristics of group delay of less than 4ns and high 0.8395 of waveform fidelity normalization coefficient in ultra-wide frequency band are realized, pulse signal distortion is effectively restrained, and target resolution precision and detection reliability of a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system are remarkably improved.

Inventors

• DING XIAO
• LIANG YUANPENG

Assignees

• 成都市飞思达瑞科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260319

Claims (7)

1. 1. An ultra-wideband pulse antenna for a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system, comprising at least one ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit, characterized in that the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit comprises: A dielectric substrate (1); The pulse feed port (2), the balun matching section (3), the oval adjusting branch (4), the radiation arm gradual transition area (5) and the parasitic radiation branch (6) are printed on the medium substrate (1); The pulse feed port (2), the balun matching section (3), the elliptical adjusting branch (4), the radiation arm gradual transition area (5) and the parasitic radiation branch (6) are sequentially cascaded; The ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit adopts a dual-polarized design, the working frequency band is 0.8GHz to 3.5GHz, the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 2, and the isolation between dual-polarized ports is better than-40 dB; The group delay of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit is lower than 4ns in the working frequency band, and the waveform fidelity normalization coefficient is not lower than 0.8395.
2. 2. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna applied to the time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system according to claim 1, wherein the balun matching section (3) is used for realizing impedance matching between the pulse feed port (2) and the radiation arm gradual transition zone (5), and the elliptical adjusting branch (4) is arranged between the balun matching section (3) and the radiation arm gradual transition zone (5) and used for smoothing impedance transition and expanding an operating frequency band.
3. 3. Ultra-wideband pulse antenna for use in a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system according to claim 2, wherein the parasitic radiation branches (6) are arranged on the radiation arm transition region (5) for suppressing cross polarization components and controlling radiation patterns such that the half-power beam width of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit is greater than 46 °, and the cross polarization ratio is lower than-25 dB.
4. 4. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna applied to the time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system according to claim 1, wherein the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit has high power tolerance, can bear pulse high voltage of not lower than 20kV under standard atmospheric conditions without breakdown, and has a mass of less than 500g, and adopts a modularized configuration to support plug and play.
5. 5. An ultra wideband pulse antenna array for use in a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system, comprising a plurality of ultra wideband pulse antenna units as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and: a pulse driving and feeding network connected to pulse feeding ports (2) of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna units for distributing high-voltage short pulse signals generated by the pulse source to the ultra-wideband pulse antenna units in a specific amplitude and phase relation; And the array configuration management module is used for carrying out electrical performance management and reconstruction on a distributed array formed by arranging a plurality of ultra-wideband pulse antenna units at preset intervals according to task requirements.
6. 6. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna array for use in a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system according to claim 5, wherein the pulse drive and feed network has impedance matching and delay consistency for ultra-wideband signal transmission, for ensuring the synchronicity of the wave fronts of the pulses transmitted by the array.
7. 7. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna array for use in a time domain anti-drone system of claim 5, wherein the array configuration management module performs beam scanning, beam forming or focusing functions by cooperative control of the pulse drive and feed network and array configuration to direct the time domain pulse energy to a predetermined airspace.

Description

Ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and an array applied to a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system. Background In a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle (anti-none) system, an antenna is used as a key component for radiating and receiving pulse signals, and the performance of the antenna directly influences the detection, identification and anti-system performance. The existing ultra-wideband antenna design focuses on frequency domain parameter optimization such as working bandwidth, gain, directional diagram, radiation efficiency and the like, and the time domain characteristic which is important for pulse signal transmission focuses on relatively insufficient. Because the time domain anti-none system adopts a pulse modulation signal without carrier, the energy is distributed in an extremely wide frequency band, and the antenna is used as a frequency-varying device, the transmission response to different frequency components is different, and the signal distortion is easy to be introduced. The distortion is mainly reflected in the broadening, oscillation and amplitude distortion of pulse waveforms, and is based on the dispersion characteristic and group delay fluctuation of an antenna. If the antenna time domain response is poor, the integrity of the pulse signal is directly reduced, so that the capability of the system for resolving targets, accurately measuring distance and effectively interfering is reduced. Especially when dealing with highly mobile, clustered unmanned aerial vehicle targets, antenna-induced signal distortion may seriously affect the overall robustness and countering accuracy of the system in complex electromagnetic environments. The Chinese patent application with the search application number 202422579256.4 and the invention name of an anti-unmanned aerial vehicle antenna structure discloses an anti-unmanned aerial vehicle antenna adopting a multi-band antenna fusion design, which realizes broadband coverage by combining antenna vibrators of a plurality of independent frequency bands such as 868MHz/915MHz, 1.5GHz, 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz and the like, and improves interference capability by utilizing orthogonal dual polarization. However, the scheme is essentially physical integration of a plurality of narrow-band antennas, the design core is still concentrated on traditional frequency domain interference, the time domain transmission characteristics of the antennas are not optimized, when ultra-wideband pulse signals are transmitted or received, serious distortion of pulse waveforms can be caused by inconsistent group delay and dispersion effect of each frequency band antenna, so that the accuracy and reliability of a time domain counter system are affected, the structural layout and integration of the multi-band antennas are further optimized by Chinese patent application with the application number of 202422579234.8 and the name of 'positive and negative 45-degree orthogonal dual-polarization cross-reactive unmanned aerial vehicle antenna structure', but the technical path is also limited to coverage and suppression of specific communication frequency bands, the problem of true transmission of the pulse signals in an ultra-wide frequency spectrum range cannot be fundamentally solved, and the inherent frequency domain selectivity of the antennas becomes a bottleneck of system performance improvement when a new system of a counter unmanned aerial vehicle based on time domain modulation and frequency spectrum independence is applied. In addition, when the existing ultra-wideband antenna is deployed towards vehicle-mounted maneuvering, the existing ultra-wideband antenna is often insufficient in light weight, modularized rapid assembly and integrated design with other radio frequency front ends, is difficult to adapt to the requirements of high maneuvering and reconfigurable reverse platform-free, and most antenna designs also fail to fully consider the balance between broadband coverage and time-domain fidelity performance, so that the performance is limited in an actual pulse working mode. Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and an array applied to a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system, which take optimized time domain response as a core, obviously reduce dispersion influence, inhibit group delay fluctuation, improve waveform fidelity, realize modularized rapid deployment, light weight and high radiation efficiency, and provide a high-performance and high-reliability antenna solution for the vehicle-mounted time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the signal distortion problem caused by dispersion and group delay fluctuation of a traditional ultra-wideband antenna under a pulse syst