CN-122026094-A - Compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on soil-shaped decoupling structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on a ground-shaped decoupling structure, which comprises a top metal layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal stratum and a coaxial probe feed structure, wherein the top metal layer is provided with two symmetrical rectangular metal patches, and the ground-shaped decoupling structure formed by symmetrically arranging four metal strips along the horizontal direction is arranged between the two patches. The antenna can synchronously work in the double frequency bands of 3.39GHz and 5.45GHz, electromagnetic weak field area blocking coupling is formed at the position of the feed probe through the soil-shaped decoupling structure, and meanwhile, the radiation pattern is corrected by depending on the symmetrical structure. The dual-frequency antenna array has the advantages of low profile, compact structure, good dual-frequency decoupling effect and stable radiation pattern, can improve the integration level of the dual-frequency antenna array, and is suitable for a wireless communication system.

Inventors

• XU KAI
• CHANG GUANGMING
• ZHANG LINGYAN
• FAN MENGYAN
• LI JUNXIAN
• SHI JIN
• ZHANG WEI

Assignees

• 南通大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260327

Claims (8)

1. 1. The compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on the earth-shaped decoupling structure is characterized by comprising a top metal layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal stratum and a coaxial feed probe which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; The top metal layer is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and is provided with two rectangular metal patches and a soil-shaped decoupling structure, and the whole structure is bilaterally symmetrical; The soil-shaped decoupling structure is formed by connecting first to fourth metal strips, the second and fourth metal strips are arranged along the horizontal direction, and the first and third metal strips are arranged along the vertical direction; the two ends of the second metal strip are respectively connected with the middle points of the inner side edges of the two metal patches, the fourth metal strip is positioned at the rear of the two metal patches, the third metal strip is connected between the second metal strip and the fourth metal strip, and the first metal strip is connected in front of the second metal strip; The inner conductors of the two coaxial feed probes sequentially penetrate through the through holes in the metal stratum and the dielectric substrate from the bottom and then are connected with the two metal patches.
2. 2. The compact dual-band patch antenna based on a ground-pattern decoupling structure of claim 1, wherein in a vertical direction, a top end of the first metal strip is located between a top edge of the two metal patches and a feed connection point of the coaxial feed probe, and a bottom end of the third metal strip is located behind a bottom edge of the two metal patches.
3. 3. The compact dual-band patch antenna based on a ground-pattern decoupling structure of claim 2, wherein the left end of the fourth metal strip is located between the outer side of the left metal patch and the feed connection point of the coaxial feed probe in the horizontal direction.
4. 4. The compact dual-band patch antenna based on a ground-pattern decoupling structure of claim 3, wherein the length of said metal patch in the vertical direction is 0.20λ 0 ~0.25λ 0 , the width in the horizontal direction is 0.15λ 0 ~0.20λ 0 ,λ 0 , the distance between two metal patches is 0.035 λ 0 ~0.04λ 0 , and the distance between centers is 0.20λ 0 ~0.25λ 0 .
5. 5. The compact dual-band patch antenna based on a ground-pattern decoupling structure of claim 4, wherein in the ground-pattern decoupling structure, the first branch has a length of 0.05λ 0 ~0.1λ 0 and a width of 0.01λ 0 ~0.015λ 0 , the second branch has a length of 0.035 λ 0 ~0.04λ 0 and a width of 0.0065λ 0 ~0.007λ 0 , the third branch has a length of 0.1λ 0 ~0.15λ 0 and a width of 0.0065λ 0 ~0.007λ 0 , and the fourth branch has a length of 0.25λ 0 ~0.30λ 0 and a width of 0.0065λ 0 ~0.007λ 0 .
6. 6. The compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on the earth-shaped decoupling structure according to any one of claims 1-5 is characterized in that the metal patch can excite a quasi TM 01 mode in a 3.39GHz frequency band and excite a quasi TM 10 mode in a 5.45GHz frequency band, and the earth-shaped decoupling structure is used for synchronously forming an electromagnetic weak field region at the feed probe positions of the two metal patches, blocking space near-field coupling and dielectric substrate surface wave coupling, and realizing dual-frequency-band decoupling.
7. 7. The compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on the earth-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 6, wherein the earth-shaped decoupling structure restricts the spatial distribution of the dual-frequency radiation field through symmetrical arrangement, eliminates inter-unit coupling interference, inhibits propagation of surface waves of a dielectric substrate and stray radiation, and realizes radiation pattern correction.
8. 8. The compact dual-band patch antenna based on a ground-based decoupling structure of claim 6, wherein the ground-based decoupling structure cuts off the energy coupling path by exciting a reverse coupling current and canceling an electromagnetic field to form a weak field region where the field strength approaches zero at the feed probe location.

Description

Compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on soil-shaped decoupling structure Technical Field The present invention relates to antennas for wireless communications, and more particularly, to a compact dual-band patch antenna. Background In the process of wireless communication system evolution to high speed and large capacity, dual-frequency antennas have become a key component by virtue of their remarkable advantages in terms of improving spectrum efficiency. However, the mutual coupling effect between antennas is always a core difficulty in restricting the performance of the system, namely, strong electromagnetic interference not only directly affects the impedance matching characteristics of ports, but also causes distortion of a radiation pattern, thereby reducing the overall radiation efficiency of the array. It is worth noting that the existing decoupling schemes are mostly designed for single-frequency antennas, and although mutual coupling in a single frequency band can be effectively relieved, the requirement that the dual-frequency antennas can be isolated in two working frequency bands at the same time is difficult to meet. Therefore, the mutual coupling inhibition method suitable for the dual-frequency antenna array is deeply explored, and has important research value and engineering significance for improving the overall performance of the multi-frequency communication system. LIU F, GUO J Y, ZHAO L Y, et al. Dual-Band Metasurface-Based Decoupling Method for Two Closely Packed Dual-Band Antennas[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(1): 422-431. DOI:10.1109/TAP.2019.2940316. The design realizes good decoupling effect in two working frequency bands, but has the limitations of large section height, complex structure and the like, and the space between the center of the unit is still a compression space. In addition, the research does not optimize the distortion problem of the antenna radiation pattern, and limits the application of the antenna array in the antenna array with compact structure and concise layout. On the basis, ,LI M L, et al. Dual-Band Metasurface Decoupling Structure with Improved Radiation Pattern Consistency[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2024, 23: 1050-1054. DOI:10.1109/LAWP.2024.3376543. provides an improved double-frequency super-surface decoupling structure, which effectively improves the consistency of the directional diagram while inhibiting mutual coupling. However, there is still room for further optimization in terms of structural complexity, cross-sectional dimensions, cell spacing, etc. Therefore, how to realize high-density integration and structure simplification of the antenna unit on the premise of ensuring dual-frequency decoupling performance and directional diagram stability is still a problem to be solved in the current research. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on a ground-font decoupling structure, which is compact in overall structure and low in section, and simultaneously can effectively inhibit mutual coupling in two working frequency bands and optimize the distortion problem of a radiation pattern. The technical scheme is that the compact dual-frequency patch antenna based on the soil-shaped decoupling structure comprises a top metal layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal stratum and a coaxial feed probe which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; The top metal layer is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and is provided with two rectangular metal patches and a soil-shaped decoupling structure, and the whole structure is bilaterally symmetrical; The soil-shaped decoupling structure is formed by connecting first to fourth metal strips, the second and fourth metal strips are arranged along the horizontal direction, and the first and third metal strips are arranged along the vertical direction; the two ends of the second metal strip are respectively connected with the middle points of the inner side edges of the two metal patches, the fourth metal strip is positioned at the rear of the two metal patches, the third metal strip is connected between the second metal strip and the fourth metal strip, and the first metal strip is connected in front of the second metal strip; The inner conductors of the two coaxial feed probes sequentially penetrate through the through holes in the metal stratum and the dielectric substrate from the bottom and then are connected with the two metal patches. Further, in the vertical direction, the top end of the first metal strip is positioned between the top edges of the two metal patches and the feeding connection point of the coaxial feeding probe, and the bottom end of the third metal strip is positioned behind the bottom edges of the two metal patches. Further, in the horizontal direction, the left end of the fourth metal strip is located between the outer side of the