CN-122026102-A - Low-profile wide-angle scanning tight-coupling array antenna loaded with resistive ring

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-profile wide-angle scanning tight-coupling array antenna loaded with a resistive ring, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing low-profile tight-coupling array antenna cannot realize the comprehensive performance of ultra-wideband and wide-angle scanning at the same time. The upper surface of a dielectric block in the low-profile wide-angle scanning tight-coupling array antenna is a super surface, a first dielectric plate is inserted into the lower part of the dielectric block, dipoles are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, resistive rings are respectively arranged on two sides of the dipoles, parasitic patches are printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate, a strip-shaped Marchand balun is arranged perpendicular to a floor, and the upper part of the Marchand balun is connected with the dipoles. The invention reduces the variation amplitude of input impedance in a wide frequency band by introducing the resistive ring on the dipole radiation array surface, and the phased array antenna array is formed, wherein the maximum scanning angles of the E surface and the H surface reach +/-60 degrees, the active standing wave ratio is less than 3, the unit section height is only 0.062 lambda l , and the low section requirement is met.

Inventors

• WANG CONG
• ZENG JIAN
• WU TIANHAO
• WANG QIAONAN
• WANG YANG

Assignees

• 哈尔滨工业大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260331

Claims (10)

1. 1. The low-profile wide-angle scanning tight-coupling array antenna loading the resistive ring is characterized by comprising a super-surface (1), a dielectric block (2), a dipole and coupling patch radiating structure (3), the resistive ring (4), a strip-shaped Marchand balun (5), a transition feed structure (6) and a floor (7), wherein the super-surface (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric block (2), a first dielectric plate (10) is inserted into the lower part of the dielectric block (2), the dipole and coupling patch radiating structure (3) comprises a parasitic patch (8) and a dipole (9), the dipole (9) is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate (10), the dipole (9) is a bow-tie dipole structure, the two sides of the dipole (9) are respectively provided with the resistive ring (4), the parasitic patch (8) is printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate (10), and the parasitic patch (8) and the dipole (9) is partially overlapped to form a coupling capacitor; The strip-shaped Marchand balun (5) is formed by laminating a second dielectric plate (11) and a third dielectric plate (16) through a prepreg (13), the strip-shaped Marchand balun (5) is perpendicular to a floor (7), marchand balun and a strip-shaped feeder line (14) are respectively printed on two sides of the second dielectric plate (11), marchand balun is printed on the third dielectric plate (16), the strip-shaped feeder line (14) is attached to the prepreg (13), and the upper parts of balun arms of the Marchand balun on the second dielectric plate (11) and the third dielectric plate (16) are connected with a dipole (9), and the bottom of the strip-shaped feeder line (14) is connected with the floor (7) through a transition feed structure (6).
2. 2. The low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna loaded with resistive loops according to claim 1, wherein the supersurface (1) is a rectangular array structure formed by a plurality of square patches arranged.
3. 3. The low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna loaded with resistive loops according to claim 1, characterized in that the supersurface (1) and the dielectric block (2) together form a wide angle matching layer having a thickness of 2mm a.
4. 4. The resistive loop loaded low profile wide angle scanning close-coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein the height of the upper portion of the floor (7) in the low profile wide angle scanning close-coupled array antenna is 8.427 mm.
5. 5. The low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna loaded with resistive loops according to claim 1, characterized by resistive loops (4) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the dipole (9).
6. 6. The low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna loaded with resistive loops according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the resistive loops (4) is a buried resistive material, resistive paste or sheet resistance.
7. 7. The resistive loop loaded low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna of claim 6, wherein said sheet resistance is a nichrome sheet resistance material.
8. 8. The low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna loaded with resistive loops according to claim 1, characterized by the dipole and coupled patch radiating structures (3) being parallel to the floor (7).
9. 9. The low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna loaded with resistive loops according to claim 1, characterized by a plurality of square holes opened in one balun arm of a Marchand balun printed on the second dielectric plate (11).
10. 10. The low profile wide angle scanning close coupled array antenna loaded with resistive loops according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper parts of the balun arms of the Marchand balun on the second dielectric plate (11) and the third dielectric plate (16) are soldered to the dipole (9) by bumps.

Description

Low-profile wide-angle scanning tight-coupling array antenna loaded with resistive ring Technical Field The invention relates to a low-profile wide-angle scanning close-coupled array antenna. Background With the rapid development of modern wireless communication, radar detection and electronic countermeasure systems, phased array antennas are widely applied to the fields of guidance systems, satellite communication, airborne radars and the like due to the characteristics of rapid beam scanning, multi-target tracking, spatial multiplexing and the like. Under the pushing of complex electromagnetic environment and diversified application demands, the phased array antenna not only needs to have broadband characteristics, but also needs to realize a low profile, a miniaturized structure and a larger beam scanning range, so that higher requirements are put on the structural design of the array antenna. Conventional broadband array antennas typically achieve larger bandwidths by increasing the lateral and longitudinal dimensions of the antenna, such as helical antennas and Vivaldi antennas. However, these antennas typically have a high profile height, and the scan range of the array beam is typically difficult to exceed ±60°. When the array element spacing is large, grating lobes are easy to appear in the array pattern, and when the array element spacing is small, the coupling effect between the array elements becomes remarkable. This coupling effect not only affects the matching characteristics of the antenna element, but also interferes with its radiation performance, resulting in an antenna that does not function properly. In order to reduce inter-element coupling, decoupling structures are typically introduced into the array elements. However, the introduction of decoupling structures increases the complexity of the array design on the one hand and on the other hand is difficult to operate over a wider frequency band. Therefore, the development of the conventional broadband array antenna is limited, and the conventional broadband array antenna cannot have multiple characteristics such as ultra-wideband, large scanning angle and low profile. To solve the above problems, researchers have proposed a tightly coupled dipole array (Tightly Coupled Dipole Array, TCDA) antenna structure. The array forms stronger capacitive coupling between array elements by introducing a capacitive coupling structure at the tail end of the short dipole so as to compensate inductive reactance introduced by the metal reflection floor in a low frequency band, thereby improving the input impedance characteristic of an array unit and expanding the working bandwidth of the array. The array works by utilizing the coupling effect among array elements, so that a decoupling structure is not required to be additionally arranged, and the array has certain advantages in the aspects of realizing broadband performance and a low-profile structure. However, in the research of the prior wide-angle scanning technology of the tightly coupled array antenna, the loading of a wide-angle matching layer above the array is generally relied on to improve the active input impedance stability of the array under the condition of large scanning angle. There have been studies to successfully achieve scanning over a range of + -60 deg. or even greater by introducing structures such as dielectric loading layers, supersurfaces or frequency selective surfaces. However, how to achieve comprehensive optimization of wide angle scanning, ultra wideband operation capability, and low profile structures in the same array still faces significant challenges. Existing researches often only can compromise between two of the performances, and the requirements of the three are difficult to be met. On the one hand, there is a contradiction between the low profile structure and the ultra wideband characteristics. The antenna radiating array has a high input impedance, and in order to realize ultra-wideband characteristics, a feed balun with an ultra-wideband impedance transformation function is required, which generally requires a higher profile height. However, lowering the antenna profile height limits its effective operating bandwidth, and thus inevitably compresses the achievable operating bandwidth of the antenna. On the other hand, there is also a contradiction between the low-profile structure and the wide-angle scanning characteristics. The main method of existing high angle scanning is to load a wide angle matching layer, and stabilize the active input impedance by adjusting the impedance environment at different scanning angles, which generally requires the matching layer to have a certain thickness, thereby increasing the overall height of the array. Thus, there is a direct conflict between the need for low profile designs and wide angle scanning. In practical application, under the condition of wide-angle beam scanning, the active input impedance of the existing tightly-co