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CN-122026121-A - Spherical lens antenna capable of adjusting linear polarization to circular polarization in communication electromagnetic wave and manufacturing method thereof, communication base station, communication system and communication method

CN122026121ACN 122026121 ACN122026121 ACN 122026121ACN-122026121-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a spherical lens antenna capable of adjusting and controlling linear polarization to circular polarization by communication electromagnetic waves, a manufacturing method thereof, a communication base station, a communication system and a communication method, and belongs to the technical field of antennas for electronic communication. The antenna comprises a controllable polarized spherical lens and a linear polarization feed source. The feed source is used for sending polarized electromagnetic waves of which the linear polarization direction and the main axis direction form an inclined angle to the sphere direction; the length of the axial baseband of the electromagnetic baseband unit is configured to be larger than that of the radial baseband, so that the refractive index of electromagnetic waves along the main axis direction is larger than that along the radial direction, and when the feed source is positioned at the equatorial position of the moving track, the electromagnetic waves are circularly polarized and emitted after being regulated and controlled by the lens. When the feed source is positioned at the end of the sphere of the moving track, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave is unchanged after passing through the lens, and when the feed source is positioned between the equatorial position and the end of the sphere, the electromagnetic wave is emitted in elliptical polarization after being regulated and controlled by the lens. The three functions of high gain wide angle scanning, wideband operation and adjustable polarization state are realized.

Inventors

  • ZHU JIANFENG
  • XUE QUAN
  • DONG ZHENG
  • LU ZIYANG

Assignees

  • 华南理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260409

Claims (20)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a controllable linear polarization of communication electromagnetic wave changes spherical lens antenna of circular polarization, includes controllable polarization spherical lens and linear polarization feed, its characterized in that: The controllable polarized spherical lens is a sphere formed by a nonmetallic sheet-shaped substrate, a plurality of tubular cavities are arranged in the sphere in a manner of extending in parallel with the main shaft direction, a plurality of electromagnetic baseband units made of metal materials are arranged on the inner walls of the tubular cavities, and each electromagnetic baseband unit comprises an axial baseband extending in parallel with the main shaft direction of the tubular cavity and a radial baseband perpendicular to the main shaft direction; A moving track extending to the equatorial position of the sphere is arranged along the outer surface of the sphere from the end part of the sphere at any one of the two ends of the main axis direction of the tubular cavity, and the linear polarization feed source is arranged on the moving track and used for emitting polarized electromagnetic waves with the linear polarization direction inclined to the main axis direction to the direction of the sphere; The length of the axial baseband of the electromagnetic baseband unit is configured to be larger than that of the radial baseband, so that the refractive index of electromagnetic waves along the main axis direction is larger than that along the radial direction; When the feed source is positioned between the equatorial position and the end of the sphere, the electromagnetic wave is modulated by the spherical lens and then emitted in elliptical polarization.
  2. 2. The spherical lens antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a driving mechanism for controlling the rotation of the spherical lens, wherein the spherical lens is controlled to rotate along the moving track, so that the outer surface of the spherical lens and the linear polarization feed source relatively move along the moving track, and an included angle between the linear polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the linear polarization feed source and the main shaft direction is not changed in the process of the relative movement.
  3. 3. The spherical lens antenna of claim 1, further comprising a driving mechanism for controlling the linear polarization feed source to move, wherein the relative position of the linear polarization feed source and the outer surface of the spherical lens is changed by controlling the linear polarization feed source to move along the moving track, and an included angle between the linear polarization direction of electromagnetic waves emitted in the moving process of the linear polarization feed source and the main shaft is unchanged.
  4. 4. The ball lens antenna of claim 1, wherein a plurality of fixed linearly polarized feeds are arranged along the movement trajectory, the linearly polarized feeds being fixed relative to the ball lens; The plurality of linearly polarized feeds are independently controlled.
  5. 5. The ball lens antenna of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of said linearly polarized feeds fixed to the equatorial region of the ball lens, the linearly polarized feeds surrounding the periphery of the ball lens along the equatorial region, the feed surrounding plane being perpendicular to said principal axis.
  6. 6. The ball lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the movement track is configured in a plurality of tracks.
  7. 7. The ball lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the movement track is disposed on a plane passing through a center main axis of the ball lens; The movement track includes at least a length from an end of the sphere to an equatorial portion of the sphere.
  8. 8. The ball lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein the tubular cavity extends through the ball lens at both ends in the main axis direction; the cross section of the tubular cavity is polygonal or circular.
  9. 9. The spherical lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle between a linear polarization direction and a main axis direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the linear polarization feed source is set to be a middle 45 ° angle; setting the extending direction of the axial baseband as the Y-axis direction, and setting the extending direction of the radial baseband as the X-axis direction; The components of the linearly polarized electromagnetic wave in the Y direction and the X direction are equivalent; the refractive index in the Y direction and the refractive index in the X direction satisfy the following relationship: ; Wherein, the Is the refractive index in the X-direction, Is the refractive index in the Y-direction, And R is the radius of the spherical lens, and R is the radial length from the center of the spherical lens.
  10. 10. The spherical lens antenna according to claim 9, wherein after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the linear polarization feed source is emitted through the spherical lens, the phase difference value of the component electromagnetic wave in the Y direction and the X direction is 90 °, and the inclined included angle between the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the linear polarization feed source and the main axis direction is set to +45° or-45 °, so that the electromagnetic wave refracted by the spherical lens forms left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization to be emitted.
  11. 11. The spherical lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein a length of an axial baseband of the electromagnetic baseband unit near the center of the sphere is configured to be larger than a length of an axial baseband of the electromagnetic baseband unit far from the center of the sphere, and a length of a radial baseband of the electromagnetic baseband unit near the center of the sphere is configured to be larger than a length of a radial baseband of the electromagnetic baseband unit far from the center of the sphere, and a refractive index of the spherical lens near the center is made larger than a refractive index far from the center, and electromagnetic waves incident as spherical waves are refracted by the spherical lens to be emitted as plane waves.
  12. 12. The ball lens antenna of claim 11, wherein the refractive index within the ball lens transitions radially from high to low from the center of the ball to the surface of the ball; The dielectric constant along the X direction satisfies the following calculation formula: ; Wherein, the The refractive index in the X direction of the center of the spherical lens, R is the radius of the spherical lens, and R is the radial length from the center of the spherical lens; The dielectric constant along the Y direction satisfies the following calculation formula: ; Wherein, the Is the refractive index in the Y direction of the center of the spherical lens.
  13. 13. The ball lens antenna of claim 11, wherein the ball lens comprises a first refractive layer, a second refractive layer, a third refractive layer, and an nth refractive layer disposed in this order from a center of the ball to a surface of the ball, wherein a plurality of the refractive layers are disposed concentrically, N is a positive integer, the electromagnetic baseband unit is disposed in each of the refractive layers, and a refractive index between the refractive layers becomes smaller stepwise from an inner layer to an outer layer.
  14. 14. The spherical lens antenna according to claim 13, wherein an inclination angle between a linear polarization direction and a main axis direction of electromagnetic waves emitted by the linear polarization feed source is set to be 45 degrees, an extension direction of the axial base band is set to be a Y-axis direction, an extension direction of the radial base band is set to be an X-axis direction, components of the linear polarization electromagnetic waves in the Y-direction and the X-direction are equivalent, and a Y-direction refractive index and an X-direction refractive index of each refractive layer satisfy the following relationship: ; Wherein, the The refractive index in the X direction is given, Is the refractive index in the Y direction; Is the wavelength of the working frequency band; is the radial thickness of the ith refractive layer.
  15. 15. A method of manufacturing the ball lens antenna of claim 1, comprising the steps of: Preparing a sheet-shaped substrate made of non-metal materials, arranging electromagnetic baseband units made of metal film materials on the surface of the sheet-shaped substrate at intervals, enabling all axial baseband units to be arranged along the same direction parallel to a main shaft, enabling all radial baseband units to be arranged along the same direction perpendicular to the main shaft, and enabling the axial baseband length of each electromagnetic baseband unit to be larger than the radial baseband length of each electromagnetic baseband unit; b, cutting the plurality of flaky substrates into preset sizes according to the sizes of the spheres; Folding or bending the sheet substrate in a direction parallel to the main shaft to form a plurality of bonding beams and a plurality of cavity grooves with inner and outer concave-convex alternation, bonding and fixing the bonding beams of the plurality of sheet substrates left and right, and mutually butting the cavity grooves to form a plurality of tubular cavities parallel to the main shaft direction; And D, configuring the linear polarization feed source on a moving track from the end of the sphere, which is positioned at any end of the spherical lens in the direction of the main axis, to the equatorial position of the sphere, adjusting the linear polarization direction of electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source, and enabling the linear polarization direction to incline with the direction of the main axis.
  16. 16. The method of manufacturing a ball lens antenna according to claim 15, wherein the balls are formed into a plurality of layers having different refractive indexes with the center of the ball lens facing outward, the refractive indexes in the same layer are the same, the refractive indexes of the different layers are reduced from inside to outside, and the electromagnetic baseband units located in the same refractive layer are arranged as the same unit in step a.
  17. 17. A communications base station comprising a ball lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
  18. 18. A communication system comprising a communication base station according to claim 17.
  19. 19. A method of communicating in a communication system as claimed in claim 18, comprising one of the following steps: step H, controlling the spherical lens to dynamically rotate relative to the moving track according to a set program so as to dynamically change the polarization state of the emitted communication electromagnetic wave, and controlling the communication electromagnetic wave signal receiving end to synchronously adjust the polarization direction of the receiving antenna to match with the polarization state of the emitted electromagnetic wave; Step I, controlling the linear polarization feed source to dynamically move along the moving track according to a set program so as to dynamically change the polarization state of the emitted communication electromagnetic wave or the emitting direction of the electromagnetic wave, and controlling a communication electromagnetic wave signal receiving end to synchronously adjust the polarization state or the receiving direction of a receiving antenna to be matched with the emitted electromagnetic wave; And J, configuring a plurality of fixed linear polarization feed sources along the moving track, controlling the working states of the linear polarization feed sources at different positions according to a set program to dynamically change the polarization state of the emitted electromagnetic wave or the radiation coverage range of the electromagnetic wave, and controlling a communication electromagnetic wave signal receiving end to synchronously adjust the working state of a receiving antenna.
  20. 20. The communication method according to claim 19, wherein the setting program is distributed as a key between the communication base station and the signal receiving terminal.

Description

Spherical lens antenna capable of adjusting linear polarization to circular polarization in communication electromagnetic wave and manufacturing method thereof, communication base station, communication system and communication method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas for electronic communication, and particularly relates to a spherical lens antenna capable of adjusting and controlling linear polarization to circular polarization in communication electromagnetic waves, a manufacturing method thereof, a communication base station, a communication system and a communication method. Background With the rapid development of new generation mobile communication technology (B5G/6G), the communication system puts higher demands on the performance of the antenna, especially in terms of large bandwidth, high gain, wide angle beam scanning, and circularly polarized radiation. The circularly polarized antenna can reduce multipath interference and polarization mismatch, and has important application in satellite communication, radar and high-speed mobile communication, for example, in the prior art, chinese patent publication No. CN107749520B discloses a high-gain millimeter wave circularly polarized array antenna. However, antennas currently achieving line pole switching to circular polarization switching rely mostly on conventional dielectric filled structures that are configured bi-directionally anisotropic. As shown in fig. 2-3, such dielectric filling structures typically have different filling rates in two polarization component directions (such as an x-direction and a y-direction) that are orthogonal to each other, so as to achieve different equivalent dielectric constants, thereby making the propagation phases of the incident linearly polarized electromagnetic wave in the two orthogonal polarization component directions different, and finally converting the incident linearly polarized electromagnetic wave into a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave. However, current antennas based on conventional dielectric filled structures also suffer from the following drawbacks: Firstly, the manufacturing complexity is high, in order to realize accurate dielectric constant gradual change, complex processes such as precise injection molding or sintering are generally required, and meanwhile, the tolerance of the product is strictly required to be +/-0.1 mm, so that the processing period is as long as 2-4 weeks, and the cost is high; Secondly, the working bandwidth is limited, the medium material forming the traditional medium filling structure has dispersion characteristic, and the electromagnetic parameter of the medium material changes along with the frequency, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is limited, and the requirement of an ultra-wideband communication system is difficult to meet. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems in the related art, the invention provides a spherical lens antenna capable of adjusting and controlling linear polarization to circular polarization of communication electromagnetic waves, a manufacturing method thereof, a communication base station, a communication system and a communication method, so as to overcome the technical problems in the prior related art; the spherical lens antenna of the invention can realize that linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are respectively emitted in the forms of invariable polarization direction, elliptical polarization and circular polarization according to different feed source positions by combining the linearly polarized feed source which can move along a specific moving track through the controllable polarized spherical lens which consists of the nonmetallic sheet-shaped substrate and comprises the specific tubular cavity and the electromagnetic baseband unit, and flexibly regulate and control the polarization state of the electromagnetic waves. Meanwhile, three functions of high-gain wide-angle scanning, broadband work and dynamic adjustable polarization state are realized, and the device is relatively simple in structure and low in cost, and is very suitable for a B5G/6G communication system, a multifunctional radar and a satellite communication terminal. The technical scheme of the invention is realized by that the spherical lens antenna capable of adjusting and controlling linear polarization to circular polarization of communication electromagnetic waves comprises a controllable polarized spherical lens and a linear polarization feed source; The controllable polarized spherical lens is a sphere formed by a nonmetallic sheet-shaped substrate, a plurality of tubular cavities are arranged in the sphere in a manner of extending in parallel with the main shaft direction, a plurality of electromagnetic baseband units made of metal materials are arranged on the inner walls of the tubular cavities, and each electromagnetic baseband unit comprises an axial baseband extending in parallel with t