CN-122026127-A - Laser and millimeter wave common-caliber receiving and transmitting antenna

CN122026127ACN 122026127 ACN122026127 ACN 122026127ACN-122026127-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser and millimeter wave common-caliber transceiving antenna capable of integrating laser and millimeter wave transceiving functions into the same caliber, which meets the comprehensive requirements of deep space communication on high speed, high reliability and miniaturization. The laser and millimeter wave common-caliber receiving and transmitting antenna comprises a millimeter wave receiving and transmitting primary mirror, wherein a millimeter wave feed source, a transmission millimeter wave reflection laser lens, a transmission laser reflection millimeter wave lens, a laser receiving and transmitting telescope receiving secondary mirror, a 45-degree double-sided reflecting mirror, a laser receiving and transmitting telescope primary mirror, a laser receiving directional reflecting mirror, a laser receiving rear light path component, a laser receiving and transmitting telescope transmitting secondary mirror, a 45-degree placed laser transmitting directional reflecting mirror and a laser transmitting rear light path component are sequentially arranged along the central axis of the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting primary mirror from left to right. The laser and millimeter wave common-caliber receiving and transmitting antenna can fully utilize space and reduce volume, and meanwhile, millimeter wave and laser complement and cooperatively work, so that the stability and high speed of a link can be ensured.

Inventors

SU RUIZHI
JIANG WEI
WANG ZHEN
HE XIAOLEI
MA YONGHUA
TANG XINKE
LI KUAN
GAN RUN

Assignees

中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260310

Claims (10)

1. A laser and millimeter wave common-caliber transceiving antenna is characterized by comprising a millimeter wave transceiving primary mirror (100), wherein a millimeter wave feed source (200), a transmission millimeter wave reflection laser lens (300), a transmission laser reflection millimeter wave lens (400), a laser transceiving telescope receiving secondary mirror (500), a 45-degree double-sided reflecting mirror (600) and a laser transceiving telescope primary mirror (700) are sequentially arranged from left to right along the central axis of the millimeter wave transceiving primary mirror (100); The millimeter wave feed source (200) has a millimeter wave transmitting function and a millimeter wave detecting function; The transmissive millimeter wave reflective laser mirror (300) has high permeability to the millimeter wave operating band and high reflectivity to the laser operating band; the transmission laser reflection millimeter wave lens (400) has high reflectivity to a millimeter wave working band and high permeability to a laser working band; the laser receiving telescope receiving secondary mirror (500) converts the received focused light beam into parallel light beam and outputs the parallel light beam; The double-sided reflecting mirror (600) is provided with an upper reflecting surface and a lower reflecting surface; A laser receiving pointing mirror (800) placed at an angle of 45 degrees is arranged on a vertical axis of the position of the double-sided reflecting mirror (600) arranged at an angle of 45 degrees in a downward direction, and a laser receiving rear light path component (900) is arranged in the direction of a reflecting optical axis of the laser receiving pointing mirror (800); The laser receiving and transmitting telescope comprises a double-sided reflecting mirror (600) arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, a laser receiving and transmitting telescope transmitting secondary mirror (110) and a laser transmitting directing reflecting mirror (120) arranged at an angle of 45 degrees are sequentially arranged in the upward direction, a laser transmitting rear light path component (130) is arranged in the direction of a reflecting optical axis of the laser transmitting directing reflecting mirror (120), the laser receiving and transmitting telescope transmitting secondary mirror (110) converts received transmitting collimated laser into divergent light beams to achieve laser beam expansion, the laser transmitting rear light path component (130) has a collimated laser transmitting function, and the laser receiving rear light path component (900) has a receiving signal light position identifying and signal detecting function.
2. The co-aperture receiving and transmitting antenna for laser and millimeter wave according to claim 1, wherein the front working surface and the rear working surface of the double-sided reflecting mirror (600) are plated with reflecting films of laser wave bands, the reflecting films are placed at an angle of 45 degrees with an optical axis and placed on an antenna axis, a reflecting surface of the double-sided reflecting mirror (600) which is deflected downwards along a vertical axis is a receiving reflecting surface, a reflecting surface of the double-sided reflecting mirror which is deflected upwards along the vertical axis is a transmitting reflecting surface, the receiving reflecting surface is used for receiving laser reflection, and the transmitting reflecting surface is used for transmitting laser reflection.
3. The co-aperture receiving and transmitting antenna for laser and millimeter wave as defined in claim 1, wherein the laser receiving and directing mirror (800) has the functions of rapid deflection and accurate directing of a light beam, and a piezoelectric ceramic driving mirror or an MEMS mirror is adopted.
4. The co-aperture transceiver antenna for laser and millimeter wave as defined in claim 1, wherein the optical path component (130) has a function of identifying the position of the received signal light, and comprises a CMOS image sensor, a CCD image sensor or a four-quadrant detector, and the position detection is realized through the CMOS image sensor, the CCD image sensor or the four-quadrant detector.
5. A common-caliber transceiver antenna for laser and millimeter wave as defined in claim 1, wherein the laser emission directing mirror (120) has the functions of rapid deflection and accurate directing of a light beam, and a piezoelectric ceramic driving mirror or an MEMS mirror is adopted.
6. The common-caliber transceiver antenna of claim 1, wherein said laser post-receiving optical path component (900) comprises a spectroscope, a CMOS image sensor module, and an APD receiving module; The beam splitter is used as a receiving light beam input port of the light path component after laser receiving, the beam splitter is placed at an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis and divides the receiving light beam into two orthogonal light beams, namely, one light beam is transmitted and transmitted in the original optical axis direction, the other light beam is reflected to the vertical axis direction by the beam splitter, the reflected light beam is focused and received by the CMOS image sensing module, focusing light spot information received by the CMOS is used for controlling the incident angle of the receiving light beam deflected by the directing mirror of laser receiving, and the transmitting light beam enters the field center of view of the APD receiving module.
7. The co-aperture transceiver antenna of claim 6, wherein said primary mirror (700) of said laser transceiver is a single-piece transmissive aspherical mirror, a multi-piece aspherical mirror set, or other transmissive optical system having positive optical power.
8. A laser and millimeter wave co-aperture transceiver antenna as defined in claim 1, wherein said millimeter wave feed (200) employs a horn feed for transmitting millimeter beams to a millimeter wave aperture transmitting space while detecting focused millimeter beams transmitted by a millimeter wave aperture receiving space.
9. The co-aperture transceiver antenna of claim 1, wherein the transmitting millimeter wave reflecting laser lens (300) is made of fused quartz, and a dielectric film with high reflection characteristic to laser wavelength is plated on the laser facing surface.
10. The co-aperture transmitting/receiving antenna for laser and millimeter wave as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmitting laser reflecting millimeter wave lens (400) is made of fused quartz, and is coated with an antireflection film of laser operating wavelength on both sides.

Description

Laser and millimeter wave common-caliber receiving and transmitting antenna Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectricity, in particular to a laser and millimeter wave common-caliber transceiver antenna. Background At present, the common communication carriers for high-bandwidth and high-speed space communication are laser and millimeter waves, space communication networks between the airborne platforms, between the airborne platforms and satellites and between the airborne platforms and a ground command center are constructed, an all-weather communication system with high computing power and high bandwidth is met, and the laser communication and the millimeter wave communication are needed to be mutually supplemented. The laser communication and the millimeter wave communication have advantages and disadvantages respectively, and are specifically as follows: 1. advantages and disadvantages of laser communication Laser communication (especially 1550nm and 1064nm wave bands) has the advantages of high bandwidth (up to several Gbps, capability of meeting the requirements of high-definition images and mass scientific data return of detectors), narrow wave beam (high anti-interference capability, capability of reducing the influence of space electromagnetic interference on signals) and relatively small volume power consumption (the weight of a single laser antenna can be controlled within several kilograms). The laser has the defect of weak shielding resistance, namely serious attenuation and even interruption of laser signals caused by space dust cloud, planetary shadows, residual air in an atmosphere layer and the like, and meanwhile, the difficulty of capturing and aligning the laser is high, the dispersion range of laser spots is extremely small under ultra-long distance, a complex alignment system is needed by the traditional independent laser antenna, the capturing time is long, and the communication response speed is influenced. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of millimeter wave communication Millimeter waves (such as Ka wave band 26.5-40GHz and Q wave band 33-50 GHz) have the advantages of strong penetrating capacity (part of space dust and mist can be penetrated, signal attenuation is less than or equal to 2dB under a slight shielding environment), good propagation stability and better anti-interference capacity than microwaves, and are suitable for being used as a 'bottom-protecting link' of deep space communication and used for detector instruction control and emergency data transmission. But millimeter wave bandwidth is relatively narrow (usually hundreds of Mbps, which is difficult to meet the high-speed data backhaul requirement), and when used alone, an independent antenna structure is needed, which increases the volume and weight of the device. In the current deep space communication system, a laser antenna and a millimeter wave antenna are mostly designed independently and installed separately. On one hand, the dual-antenna structure causes large volume and heavy weight of the equipment, and does not meet the design requirements of 'light weight and miniaturization' of the deep space probe, on the other hand, the dual-antenna structure is required to be respectively subjected to directional calibration, the calibration precision is difficult to ensure, the dual-antenna structure and the dual-antenna structure cannot realize rapid cooperative switching, when a laser link is interrupted due to shielding, millimeter wave links cannot be timely complemented, communication interruption is easy to occur, and in addition, optical paths of independent antennas are mutually independent and cannot share optical elements, so that the complexity and cost of a system are increased. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the laser and millimeter wave co-aperture transceiving antenna which can integrate the laser and millimeter wave transceiving functions into the same aperture, can solve the problems of large volume, poor coordination and high cost of the existing double antennas, and meets the comprehensive requirements of deep space communication on high speed, high reliability and miniaturization. The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is that the laser and millimeter wave common-caliber receiving and transmitting antenna comprises a millimeter wave receiving and transmitting primary mirror, wherein a millimeter wave feed source, a transmission millimeter wave reflection laser lens, a transmission laser reflection millimeter wave lens, a laser receiving and transmitting telescope receiving secondary mirror, a 45-degree double-sided reflection mirror and a laser receiving and transmitting telescope primary mirror are sequentially arranged along the central axis of the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting primary mirror from left to right; the millimeter wave feed source has millimeter wave emis