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CN-122026292-A - Direct-heating separation type surge protection machine core and gap type surge protector

CN122026292ACN 122026292 ACN122026292 ACN 122026292ACN-122026292-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct-heating separation type surge protection machine core and a gap type surge protector, and belongs to the technical field of surge protectors. The gap type surge protector comprises a direct-heating separation type surge protector core, wherein the direct-heating separation type surge protector core comprises a gap core and a direct-heating type separator, the gap core comprises a plurality of gap electrodes and a plurality of discharge gaps, the gap electrodes are arranged in a layer-by-layer and spaced mode, the direct-heating type separator comprises separation electrodes and separation elastic pieces, the separation electrodes comprise welding ends and heat conducting ends, the welding ends are welded with the separation elastic pieces, and the heat conducting ends extend into the discharge gaps. According to the direct-heating separation type surge protection movement and the gap type surge protector, the direct-heating type heat conduction mode is adopted, so that the overall heat resistance of the system is greatly reduced, the heat transfer efficiency is improved essentially, the heat response time is obviously shortened, the rapid separation response capacity of the level below hundred milliseconds is achieved, and the current threshold value of the separator which can act stably and reliably is greatly improved.

Inventors

  • DAI DEZHI
  • YANG YU
  • WANG JIANYUE
  • LEI CHENGYONG
  • YANG GUOHUA
  • WANG XUEYING

Assignees

  • 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260206

Claims (15)

  1. 1. The direct-heating separation type surge protection machine core is characterized by comprising a gap machine core and a direct-heating type separator, wherein the gap machine core comprises a plurality of gap electrodes and a plurality of discharge gaps which are arranged in a layer-by-layer and spaced mode, the direct-heating type separator comprises separation electrodes and separation elastic sheets, the separation electrodes comprise welding ends and heat conduction ends, the welding ends are welded with the separation elastic sheets, and the heat conduction ends extend into the discharge gaps.
  2. 2. The direct-heating separation type surge protection cartridge of claim 1, wherein the gap cartridge further comprises a first heat shield, and the first heat shield is sleeved on the separation electrode.
  3. 3. The direct-heating split surge protection cartridge of claim 2 wherein the first heat shield is a combination or composite of a metal electrode and an insulating material, the metal electrode being in clearance fit with the gap electrode and/or the split electrode.
  4. 4. The direct-heating separation type surge protection cartridge of claim 2, wherein the discharge gap is formed between two adjacent gap electrodes or the discharge gap is formed between the first heat insulation plate and the gap electrode.
  5. 5. The direct-heating split surge protection cartridge of claim 1 wherein the cross-section of the heat-conducting end of the split electrode is circular.
  6. 6. The direct-heating release type surge protection cartridge of claim 1 wherein the thermally conductive end protrudes from the bottom surface of one of the gap electrodes and forms a first concentrated discharge platform within the discharge gap.
  7. 7. The direct-heating split surge protection cartridge of claim 6 wherein the gap electrode opposite the thermally conductive end is provided with a second concentrated discharge platform opposite the first concentrated discharge platform.
  8. 8. The direct-heating release type surge protection cartridge of claim 1, wherein the release electrode is provided with a hollow cavity.
  9. 9. The direct-heating split surge protection cartridge of claim 1 wherein the split electrode is provided with a convection through hole that extends through the weld end and the thermally conductive end.
  10. 10. The direct-heating split surge protection cartridge of claim 1 further comprising a heat gathering ring disposed within the discharge gap, the thermally conductive end being located within the heat gathering ring.
  11. 11. The direct-heating release type surge protection cartridge of claim 1, wherein the number of the discharge gaps is plural, and the heat conducting end sequentially passes through the plurality of the discharge gaps.
  12. 12. The direct-heating separation type surge protection movement according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the separation electrode is V, the cross section area of each part is A, the thickness is delta 10mm 3 ≤V≤160mm 3 ,10mm 2 ≤A≤80mm 2 , and delta is more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 6mm.
  13. 13. The direct-heating split surge protection cartridge of claim 1 wherein some or all of the gap electrodes comprise an electrode body and a second heat shield, the electrode body being embedded within the second heat shield.
  14. 14. A gap-type surge protector comprising the direct-heating release type surge protector cartridge of any one of claims 1-13.
  15. 15. The gap-type surge protector of claim 14, further comprising an arc shielding plate provided with an annular arc shielding passage, the arc shielding passage being sleeved on the release spring.

Description

Direct-heating separation type surge protection machine core and gap type surge protector Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of surge protectors, and particularly relates to a direct-heating separation type surge protection machine core and a gap type surge protector. Background Surge protectors are electrical devices used to limit transient overvoltages and to bleed off surge currents, often installed in lines to provide surge protection. The internal part of the device at least comprises a nonlinear element which has the functions of limiting overvoltage and discharging surge energy. The thermal disconnector is a key device for ensuring the safety of the surge protector (Surge Protective Device, SPD for short) and has the function of rapidly cutting off the connection between the SPD and a power line when the SPD becomes a high heat source due to degradation or continuous overload, thereby avoiding the fire risk caused by overheat. The typical thermal detacher structure includes a solder joint (a special case is a low-temperature solder joint), a detachment temperature sensing electrode (a detachment electrode for short), a detachment elastic sheet (a detachment elastic sheet for short), an arc shielding plate, a spring mechanism, a force transmission member and other core components. The action process includes that the disengaging electrode transmits temperature to the welding spot, when the temperature reaches a set threshold value, the low-temperature welding spot is melted, the spring mechanism releases energy storage to drive the disengaging elastic sheet to separate rapidly, the arc shielding plate and the force transmission piece move in a linkage mode under the action of the spring, and finally the disengaging state is output through the indicating mechanism, so that a reliable and rapid thermal disengaging mechanism is an essential safety component of the SPD. With the continuous expansion of the power grid capacity and the increase of the new energy duty ratio, the short-circuit current of the system is further increased. Meanwhile, in part of severe application environments, frequent strong thunderstorm weather and high-temperature and high-humidity operation environments are increasingly common, high-harmonic pollution exists in a high-power supply system, and the risk of abnormal failure of the surge protector is obviously improved due to multiple severe factors. Frequent abnormal failures or even fire accidents will result in significant losses and high maintenance costs. In engineering practice, problems of overrun use of SPD, type selection of external protector, installation or performance dispersion together constitute significant uncertainty. Meanwhile, on-board applications often cannot be externally protected due to space constraints. Therefore, the complex operation environment puts higher demands on the surge protector, namely the impact tolerance capability and the safety reliability must be synchronously improved, and the technical innovation and the product upgrading of the SPD form urgent demands. In practical application, the working current of the high-power supply system can reach hundreds of amperes, the instantaneous heating value is extremely large, and the response of the separator is easy to be insufficient. In addition, the internal space of the SPD is limited, and it is difficult to integrate a high-efficiency arc extinguishing structure. To better match the external backup protection device, the thermal decoupler needs to achieve faster actuation speeds and higher breaking current capability. The gap type surge protector in the prior art generally adopts an indirect heat transfer type design between a disengager and a gap movement, and has the following defects that (1) the thermal response is seriously delayed. The heat transfer path is long, the arc heat needs to be transferred step by step according to the sequence of arc, gap electrode and metal separation electrode, and the path is long and the links are more. The gap electrode (especially graphite electrode) has heat capacity, and can raise temperature after absorbing a large amount of heat, so that obvious start delay is caused. The thermal response time of the disengaging action is too long to meet the requirement of millisecond-level rapid protection under the high-current working condition. (2) the system is too high in thermal resistance and unstable. The mechanical contact surface between the graphite electrode and the disengaging electrode has unreliable interface thermal resistance, and the resistance changes along with the assembly process, aging, oxidation or vibration, and is the main factor of unstable performance and large discreteness. The total thermal resistance is high and is easy to fluctuate, so that the action temperature point drifts, the uniformity of the detachment performance is poor, and the reliability is difficult to ensure. (3) Failure is prone to occur unde