CN-122026409-A - Management of power allocation to and from data centers

Abstract

Management of power allocation to and from a data center is provided. Systems and methods for providing consistent and reliable power to data centers executing high power and variable high performance computing HPCs and artificial intelligence AI workloads are disclosed. By installing three-phase current sensors at or near the data center or along the grid before power reaches the power conversion system PCS, the power conversion system is configured to respond more quickly to fast and non-uniformly rising and falling changes and variable workloads. The controller within the PCS is then configured to customize the amount of power sent to the data center from the converted power from the power grid and from the battery energy storage system.

Inventors

• Brian herb
• TERRY D. BUSH

Assignees

• 维谛公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20251111

Priority Date

20251020

Claims (20)

1. 1. A system for managing power to a data center, the system comprising: A three-phase current sensor configured to provide a current measurement to a power conversion system, wherein the three-phase current sensor is located near the data center, and The power conversion system for the data center, comprising a controller, wherein: the power conversion system is configured to control rated power provided to the data center from a power grid and from a battery energy storage system coupled to the power conversion system, and To control the rated power, the controller is configured to: Receiving an indication of a current difference between a current measured at the data center and a current measured by the grid based at least in part on the current measurements provided by the three-phase current sensor, and One or both of the rated power from the power grid and the rated power from the battery energy storage system are adjusted based at least in part on the indication of the difference to reduce the difference to approximately zero.
2. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is a proportional-integral-derivative controller.
3. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
4. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to: determining that the battery energy storage system is about to become discharged based on the calculated state of charge, and The rated power from the battery energy storage system is increased to rebalance the state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
5. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to: determining that the battery energy storage system is about to become overcharged based on the calculated state of charge, and The power rating from the battery energy storage system is reduced to rebalance the state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
6. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises an electrolytic capacitor compatible with low voltage alternating current, AC, distribution.
7. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises a supercapacitor compatible with low voltage alternating current, AC, distribution.
8. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises a lithium ion battery compatible with low voltage alternating current, AC, distribution.
9. 9. A system for managing power to a data center, the system comprising: a three-phase current sensor configured to provide a current measurement to a power conversion system, wherein the three-phase current sensor is positioned along a grid providing power to the data center, and The power conversion system for the data center, comprising a controller, wherein: The power conversion system is configured to control a rated power provided to the data center from the power grid and from a battery energy storage system coupled to the power conversion system, and To control the rated power, the controller is configured to: Receiving an indication of a current difference between a current measured at the data center and a current measured by the grid based at least in part on the current measurements provided by the three-phase current sensor, and One or both of the rated power from the power grid and the rated power from the battery energy storage system are adjusted based at least in part on the indication of the difference to reduce the difference to approximately zero.
10. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller is a proportional-integral-derivative controller.
11. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
12. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to: determining that the battery energy storage system is about to become discharged based on the calculated state of charge, and The rated power from the battery energy storage system is increased to rebalance the state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
13. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to: determining that the battery energy storage system is about to become overcharged based on the calculated state of charge, and The power rating from the battery energy storage system is reduced to rebalance the state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
14. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises an electrolytic capacitor compatible with low voltage alternating current, AC, distribution.
15. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises a supercapacitor compatible with low voltage alternating current, AC, distribution.
16. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises a lithium ion battery compatible with low voltage alternating current, AC, distribution.
17. 17. A method for managing power to a data center, the method comprising: receiving a three-phase voltage from a power grid; receiving a first three-phase current from a power conversion system coupled to a battery energy storage system; receiving a second three-phase current from the data center; Applying a phase-locked loop to measure a phase angle and a frequency of the three-phase voltage from the power grid relative to a given phase; performing a first park-clark transformation on the phase angles of the first three-phase current and the three-phase voltage to output a first equivalent phase current; Performing a second park-clark transformation on the second three-phase current and the phase angle of the three-phase voltage to output a second equivalent phase current; Comparing the first and second equivalent phase currents with an average equivalent phase current from the data center to output differences between the three equivalent phase currents, and A pulse width modulation command is output to the power conversion system to generate a fourth equivalent phase current that reduces the difference to approximately zero.
18. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising calculating a state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
19. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising: determining that the battery energy storage system is about to become discharged based on the calculated state of charge, and The rated power from the battery energy storage system is increased to rebalance the state of charge of the battery energy storage system.
20. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising: determining that the battery energy storage system is about to become overcharged based on the calculated state of charge, and The power rating from the battery energy storage system is reduced to rebalance the state of charge of the battery energy storage system.

Description

Management of power allocation to and from data centers Cross Reference to Related Applications The present U.S. non-provisional patent application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/719,332, filed 11/12 at 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field The present disclosure relates to a system for stabilizing power to a data center that is executing large scale and variable workload. Background The rapid development of advanced computing systems driven by High Performance Computing (HPC), artificial Intelligence (AI), and other advanced computing technologies has changed the power demand patterns within data centers hosting computing devices capable of executing these HPC and AI workloads. The amount of energy used to run simultaneous and more complex operations causes the power requirements of such data centers to change rapidly, e.g., hundreds of times per minute, thus creating a "pulsed energy" requirement. Power providers such as public power grids do have to be able to determine the amount of power required for such types of operation, but they cannot provide the pulse energy required for these new loads. This situation may destabilize the grid, may lead to power quality problems, and may even lead to other more serious problems, such as data center providers deploying large-scale HPC and AI workloads being "kicked" out of the grid. Disclosure of Invention Aspects of the disclosed embodiments include a system for managing high power and variable workload at a data center. The system includes a three-phase current sensor configured to provide a current measurement to the power conversion system, wherein the three-phase current sensor is located near or along a power grid providing power to the data center, and a power conversion system for the data center including a controller, wherein the power conversion system is configured to control a rated power (rate of power) provided to the data center from the power grid and from a battery energy storage system coupled to the power conversion system, and to control the rated power, the controller is configured to receive an indication of a current difference between a current measured at the data center and a current measured by the power grid based at least in part on the current measurement provided by the three-phase current sensor, and to cause one or both of the rated power from the power grid and the rated power from the battery energy storage system to be adjusted based at least in part on the indication of the difference to reduce the difference to approximately zero. Another aspect of the disclosed embodiments includes a method for managing power to a data center. The method includes receiving a three-phase voltage from a power grid, receiving a first three-phase current from a power conversion system coupled to a battery energy storage system, receiving a second three-phase current from a data center, applying a phase-locked loop to measure a frequency and a phase angle of the three-phase voltage from the power grid relative to a given phase, performing a first park-clark transformation on the phase angles of the first three-phase current and the three-phase voltage to output a first equivalent phase current, performing a second park-transformation on the phase angles of the second three-phase current and the three-phase voltage to output a second equivalent phase current, comparing the first equivalent phase current and the second equivalent phase current to an average equivalent phase current from the data center to output a difference between the three equivalent phase currents, and outputting a pulse width modulation command to the power conversion system to generate a fourth equivalent phase current that reduces the difference to approximately zero. Drawings The disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawing figures. It is emphasized that, according to common practice, the various features of the drawing are not to scale. On the contrary, the dimensions of the various features are arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. Fig. 1 illustrates a controller within a Power Conversion System (PCS) configured to manage power from and to a data center from a grid and based at least in part on three-phase current sensors located at or near the data center side of the overall system, in accordance with some embodiments. Fig. 2 illustrates a visual indication of voltage and current measurements used to perform management of power to and from a data center within an overall system such as that shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments. Fig. 3 illustrates a feedback control loop corresponding to the management of power to and from a data center within an overall system such as that shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments. Fig. 4 (a) shows an example of D-phase current measured at a da