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CN-122026680-A - Electromechanical energy conversion platform and method based on static magnetic energy direct drive

CN122026680ACN 122026680 ACN122026680 ACN 122026680ACN-122026680-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromechanical energy conversion platform and method based on static magnetic energy direct drive, and belongs to the field of electromechanical energy conversion. The platform comprises a permanent magnet for establishing a static magnetic field, a rotor which has an asymmetric magnetization structure and can be acted by inherent net magnetic force in the magnetic field, and a magnetic circuit regulating and controlling unit for controlling the magnetic coupling state between the static magnetic field and the rotor with low power consumption. And through the switching of the regulating and controlling unit, the net magnetic force can be controlled to drive the rotor to move, so that the mechanical energy output is realized. The mechanical energy output of the scheme mainly directly originates from the static magnetic energy of the permanent magnet, and the rotor does not need an armature winding for bearing power current. Based on the same principle, devices such as a linear actuator, a bionic antagonistic driving pair, a rotating motor with a rotor without windings and the like can be derived. Compared with the traditional power consumption magnetic production driving mode, the scheme provides different technical paths of magnetic regulation energy driving, and has the beneficial effects in the aspects of system energy efficiency, power density, mute operation and controllability.

Inventors

  • WU FENGTING

Assignees

  • 吴枫庭

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260113

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An electromechanical energy conversion method based on magnetostatic energy scheduling, comprising the steps of: providing a static permanent magnetic field source for establishing a static magnetic field; Providing a mover having an asymmetric magnetization configuration configured to receive an inherent net magnetic force in the static magnetic field; Providing a magnetic circuit regulating unit which is magnetically coupled with the static permanent magnetic field source and can respond to an external control signal to switch between a first magnetic state and a second magnetic state; When the magnetic circuit regulating unit is in the first magnetic state, a bypass path with low magnetic resistance is established for magnetic flux generated by the static permanent magnetic field source, so that the magnetic coupling between the static magnetic field and the rotor is weakened, and the inherent net magnetic force is removed or remarkably reduced; When the magnetic circuit regulating unit is in the second magnetic state, the magnetic resistance of the bypass path is increased, the magnetic coupling between the static magnetic field and the mover is enhanced, and the inherent net magnetic force drives the mover to move so as to realize mechanical energy output; The mechanical energy for driving the mover is mainly directly derived from static magnetic energy stored by the static permanent magnetic field source.
  2. 2. A magnetostatic energy direct drive apparatus, comprising: A static permanent magnet field source; a mover whose magnetization structure is asymmetric with respect to a direction in which it is forced, so that a net magnetic force of non-zero is received in a uniform static magnetic field; a magnetic circuit regulating unit; the magnetic circuit regulating unit is magnetically coupled with the static permanent magnetic field source and is configured to selectively provide a controllable magnetic bypass for magnetic flux generated by the static permanent magnetic field source by changing the magnetic permeability or the geometric position of the magnetic circuit regulating unit in response to a control signal so as to regulate working magnetic flux between the static permanent magnetic field source and the mover, thereby controlling the net magnetic force exerted by the mover.
  3. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the asymmetric magnetization structure of the mover is realized by a single-sided magnetic composite body comprising at least one permanent magnet unit, one magnetic pole face of which is tightly coupled with a high permeability soft magnet and the other opposite magnetic pole face is exposed, preferably the mover comprises two single-sided magnetic composite bodies, which are fixed by a connecting portion, and the polarities of the two exposed magnetic pole faces are the same.
  4. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the static permanent magnet field source is configured to produce a predetermined magnetic field gradient profile within its region of action.
  5. 5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic circuit regulating unit includes a functional layer made of a voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropic material, and the magnetization direction or magnetic anisotropy of the functional layer is changed by applying a voltage pulse to achieve switching of magnetic permeability thereof.
  6. 6. A biomimetic antagonistic driving unit comprising two magnetostatic energy direct drive devices according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the static permanent magnetic field sources of the two devices are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical fashion of magnetic field polarity, and the movers of the two devices are mechanically linked such that the directions of movement of the two devices are opposite.
  7. 7. A rotating electric machine based on magnetostatic energy modulation, comprising: the stator part of the annular static permanent magnetic field array is used for establishing a circumferentially distributed static magnetic field; The rotor is rotatably arranged in the magnetic field array, and magnetic poles which are distributed along the circumferential direction and provided with asymmetric magnetization structures are arranged on the rotor; A plurality of magnetic circuit regulating units circumferentially arranged on the stator portion; the plurality of magnetic circuit regulating units are configured to sequentially control magnetic states of the rotor according to angular positions of the rotor to periodically form or block magnetic bypasses in different circumferential areas of the annular static permanent magnet field array, so that the static magnetic field is selectively coupled with corresponding magnetic poles of the rotor, thereby synthesizing continuous torque in one direction on the rotor.
  8. 8. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic poles of the rotor are the single-sided magnetic composite body according to claim 3, and/or the magnetic circuit regulating unit is a regulating unit made of a voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropic material according to claim 5.
  9. 9. A motion conversion device, comprising the bionic antagonistic driving unit according to claim 6, and a transmission mechanism connected to the linked mover, for converting a linear reciprocating motion into a rotational motion or a swinging motion.
  10. 10. An integrated drive system comprising a plurality of biomimetic antagonistic drive units according to claim 6 or motion translating means according to claim 9, said plurality of units or means being arranged in an array or annular array and being provided with a co-controller.

Description

Electromechanical energy conversion platform and method based on static magnetic energy direct drive Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of advanced electromechanical energy conversion, and particularly relates to an electromechanical energy conversion method and device based on static magnetic energy direct drive. More specifically, the invention provides a permanent magnet magnetic static energy-based power source which is controlled by low power consumption and has asymmetric magnetization characteristics A magnetic coupling path is arranged between the active cells, so that a method and a device for outputting high-efficiency mechanical energy and a serialization application platform thereof are realized; In particular, the solid-state regulation and control scheme based on the voltage control magnetic characteristic is very suitable for micro-nano driving in the fields of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), micro-robots, precise optical tuning, biomedical micro-instruments and the like which have extremely high requirements on volume, power consumption and response speed. Background Conventional electromechanical driving techniques rely primarily on the principle of electromagnetic induction, i.e., by passing a current through a coil to produce a varying magnetic field, which in turn drives the armature. Such techniques include the usual dc motors, stepper motors, voice coil motors, etc. Although the technology is mature, there are inherent limitations in that when a fixed position needs to be maintained or a constant force needs to be output, current needs to be continuously supplied, which results in high energy consumption, serious heat generation and low efficiency. In addition, the inductive characteristics of the electromagnetic coil limit the response speed to the charge-discharge time constant, and the operation is often accompanied by high-frequency noise; To solve the problem of energy consumption under retention, some prior art attempts have employed hybrid solutions with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets, or use mechanical self-locking mechanisms. But these schemes tend to come at the expense of response speed, increased structural complexity, or reduced reliability. For example, an electric push rod with mechanical brake or worm and gear self-locking is adopted, and the response is slow and has abrasion problems; In the aspect of magnetic circuit control technology, besides the traditional method for regulating a magnetic field by changing coil current, two new types of technology are developed, namely, a magnetic permeability external field regulation technology based on intelligent materials (such as magnetorheological fluid and magnetorheological elastomer) and a voltage control magnetic anisotropy technology based on magnetoelectric materials (such as ferromagnetic layers/oxide heterojunction). The technologies provide a new physical way for realizing low-power consumption and rapid magnetic circuit switching, but are limited in the fields of sensors, memories and the like at present, and are not systematically applied to constructing a complete bionic driving platform taking static magnetic energy as a main power source; Particularly in the field of bionic robots, a novel driver which can simulate a biological muscle antagonistic working mode and has the characteristics of high energy efficiency, high power density, quick response and silence is urgently needed. The existing pneumatic artificial muscle, shape memory alloy driver or traditional motor is matched with a complex transmission mechanism, and the method has limitations in energy efficiency, response speed, structural complexity, reliability and the like; Therefore, the technical scheme which is different from the traditional electromagnetic driving principle is urgently needed in the field, the thinking framework of the traditional electromagnetic driving can be jumped, and a brand new driving technical platform which takes the static magnetic energy of the permanent magnet as a power reservoir and takes the low-power magnetic circuit regulation as an intelligent valve is constructed; In summary, in the prior art, the basic objective of the present invention is to optimize or regulate the magnetic field in the traditional electromagnetic induction driving frame, both based on electromagnetic driving of the armature current and by an additional mechanical structure (such as a movable magnetic conductive block) or an improvement scheme of modulating the magnetic field of the permanent magnet by the pulse current. The technical schemes are not separated from the classical paradigm of actively generating or regulating a working magnetic field by consuming electric energy and driving a symmetrical rotor by an electromagnetic induction principle. The energy conversion path is basically electric energy, magnetic field energy and mechanical energy, and the electric energy is always required to be cont