CN-122026793-A - Photovoltaic module cleaning execution system and method suitable for severe environment

CN122026793ACN 122026793 ACN122026793 ACN 122026793ACN-122026793-A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power stations, in particular to a photovoltaic module cleaning execution system and a photovoltaic module cleaning execution method suitable for severe environments; the system comprises an instruction receiving module, a sand type adapting module, a pressure regulating module, an effect evaluation module and an autonomous control module, wherein the instruction receiving module receives a cleaning instruction and acquires real-time meteorological data, the sand type adapting module judges the sand type according to the real-time meteorological data and acquires cleaning head parameters based on the sand type to clean, the pressure regulating module acquires the contact pressure of a cleaning head and a photovoltaic panel in real time in the cleaning process and adjusts the contact pressure by dynamically adjusting the height of the cleaning head, the effect evaluation module acquires the residual dust and evaluates the cleaning result after the cleaning is completed, and the autonomous control module controls the cleaning unmanned aerial vehicle to autonomously complete the cleaning whole-flow operation.

Inventors

BAO CHANGCHUN
LIU YANG
REN XUEWEI
WANG HAOYU
LIU YAZE
TAN HAIYANG
LIAO XUESONG
LI YIBO

Assignees

内蒙古工业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260225

Claims (10)

1. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system suitable for the severe environment is characterized by comprising an instruction receiving module, a sand type adapting module, a pressure regulating module, an effect evaluating module and an autonomous control module; The instruction receiving module is used for receiving a cleaning instruction and acquiring historical data and real-time meteorological data of a target area based on the cleaning instruction; The dust type adapting module judges the dust type based on the historical data and the real-time meteorological data, acquires the cleaning head parameters from a pre-constructed dust type and cleaning head parameter mapping table based on the dust type, and cleans based on the cleaning head parameters; The pressure regulating and controlling module collects the contact pressure between the cleaning head and the photovoltaic panel in real time in the cleaning process, and dynamically adjusts the height of the cleaning head based on the contact pressure and the parameters of the cleaning head; The autonomous control module is used for coordinating the instruction receiving module, the sand type adapting module, the pressure regulating module and the effect evaluating module, and controlling the cleaning unmanned aerial vehicle to autonomously complete the cleaning whole-flow operation.
2. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system of claim 1, wherein the dust type adaptation module is configured with a dust type and cleaning head parameter mapping strategy for obtaining a cleaning head parameter, and the dust type and cleaning head parameter mapping strategy specifically comprises: The sand type is classified into a fine sand type, a medium and coarse sand type and a bonding type according to the particle diameter, the Mohs hardness and the adhesive force; Based on real-time meteorological data and in combination with a preset mapping rule of the meteorological data and the sand type, determining the sand type trend sand type of each type of meteorological data, and giving a weight score to each sand type trend corresponding to the meteorological data; Respectively calculating the total weight score of each dust type trend, and extracting the maximum value of the total weight score, wherein the dust type trend corresponding to the maximum value of the weight score is used as the preliminarily determined dust type; And scanning the surface of the photovoltaic panel through a laser particle analyzer to obtain the size and the adhesive force of the dust particles, and correcting the preliminary judgment result based on the actual measurement value of the size and the adhesive force of the dust particles to obtain the final sand type.
3. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system of claim 2, wherein the dust type and cleaning head parameter mapping strategy further comprises: The cleaning head parameters comprise a brush head material, a brush head rotating speed and a cleaning pressure; If the sand type is fine sand type, the brush head is made of soft nylon wires with the diameter of 0.1mm, the rotation speed of the brush head is more than or equal to 800r/min and less than or equal to 1000r/min, the cleaning pressure is more than or equal to 20kPa and less than 30kPa, and the dust collection function is started; If the sand type is middle coarse sand type, the brush head is made of middle hard nylon wires with the diameter of 0.2mm, the rotation speed of the brush head is more than or equal to 1200r/min and less than or equal to 1500r/min, the cleaning pressure is more than or equal to 30kPa and less than 45kPa, dust collection is closed, and the brush head with the frequency of 50Hz is started to vibrate; If the sand type is adhesive, a composite brush head of hard nylon in the outer layer and soft sponge in the inner layer is adopted, the rotation speed of the brush head is more than or equal to 1800r/min and less than or equal to 2200r/min, the cleaning pressure is more than or equal to 45kPa and less than 60kPa, and meanwhile, micro water spraying of 0.5L per square meter is started, and negative pressure adsorption is adopted.
4. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system of claim 3, wherein the pressure regulation module comprises a pressure detection unit, a drive adjustment unit, a control unit, a visualization unit and an auxiliary unit; the pressure detection unit is provided with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor and is used for collecting the contact pressure of the cleaning head and the photovoltaic panel in real time and transmitting the contact pressure to the control unit; The control unit adopts an entrance level MCU, and is used for comparing the contact pressure with a preset pressure safety interval, generating a corresponding stepping motor control instruction and sending the corresponding stepping motor control instruction to the driving adjustment unit; The visual unit adopts an OLED screen and a ground APP for displaying the contact pressure value at the cleaning head end in real time and synchronously checking the contact pressure value at the mobile phone end by using the ground APP, and the driving and adjusting unit adopts a small stepping motor and a screw rod for driving the cleaning head to move up and down slightly.
5. The photovoltaic module cleaning performance system of claim 4, wherein the pressure regulation module is configured with a pressure regulation strategy for regulating contact pressure of the cleaning head with the photovoltaic panel, the pressure regulation specifically comprising: When the contact pressure is smaller than the lower limit of the pressure safety interval corresponding to the current dust type, the stepping motor of the driving and adjusting unit drives the screw rod to rotate to drive the cleaning head to move downwards, and the single movement is 0.1mm until the contact pressure is raised back to the corresponding safety pressure interval; when the contact pressure is larger than the upper limit of the pressure safety interval corresponding to the current sand type, the stepping motor of the adjusting unit is driven to rotate reversely, the cleaning head is driven to move upwards, and the single movement is 0.1mm until the contact pressure falls back into the corresponding safety pressure interval.
6. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system of claim 5, wherein the pressure regulation strategy further comprises: When the contact pressure is in a pressure safety zone corresponding to the current dust type, stopping the stepping motor, and simultaneously keeping the cleaning head moving at a constant speed and spraying according to a preset mist quantity; When the contact pressure collected continuously for 3 times is greater than a preset overload threshold value or the micro piezoresistive pressure sensor has no data feedback, the cleaning head rises to a preset height and pauses cleaning, meanwhile, the OLED screen displays pressure overload or sensor fault, and alarms are carried out in the ground APP.
7. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system of claim 6, wherein the effect evaluation module is configured with a cleaning result evaluation strategy, the cleaning result evaluation strategy specifically comprising: Selecting a miniature laser dust sensor with the model PMS5003, sampling at preset sampling frequency at each sampling point, and calculating the average value of continuous 3 times of sampling to obtain the dust accumulation residual quantity of the corresponding sampling point; Setting a single point position threshold value, an overall average value threshold value and a single point position maximum threshold value, and calculating arithmetic average values of dust accumulation residual amounts of all sampling points; And if the residual dust accumulation amount of all the sampling points is smaller than or equal to the single-point bit threshold value and the arithmetic average value is smaller than or equal to the integral average value threshold value, judging that the cleaning is qualified.
8. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system of claim 7, wherein the cleaning result evaluation strategy further comprises: If the residual dust amount of only one sampling point is larger than the single-point threshold value and the arithmetic average value is smaller than or equal to the integral average value threshold value, judging that the residual dust amount is slightly out of standard, and marking the corresponding photovoltaic panel as to-be-optimized; And if the residual dust amount of 2 or more sampling points is larger than the single-point threshold, or the arithmetic average value is larger than the integral average value threshold, or the residual dust amount of any sampling point is larger than the single-point maximum threshold, judging that the weight exceeds the standard, marking the sampling point with the residual dust amount larger than the corresponding single-point threshold as an exceeding standard point, and triggering a secondary cleaning mechanism.
9. The photovoltaic module cleaning execution system of claim 8, wherein the secondary cleaning mechanism is specifically as follows: Counting the number of the out-of-standard points, if the number of the out-of-standard points is smaller than or equal to 2, automatically navigating the cleaning unmanned aerial vehicle to the out-of-standard points through GPS positioning, and lifting the cleaning pressure by 10% and the brush head rotating speed by 15% on the basis of the cleaning head parameters corresponding to the sand type, wherein the cleaning range is limited to a local area of 20cm multiplied by 20cm around the out-of-standard point; and if the number of the exceeding standard points is more than 2 or the arithmetic average value is more than the integral average value threshold value, judging that the cleaning head parameters are not sufficiently matched with the dust types, adjusting the cleaning head parameters, and cleaning the whole photovoltaic panel again.
10. A method for cleaning and executing a photovoltaic module suitable for a severe environment based on the photovoltaic module cleaning and executing system suitable for a severe environment according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of: receiving a cleaning instruction, and acquiring historical data and real-time meteorological data of a target area based on the cleaning instruction; Based on the dust type, acquiring a cleaning head parameter from a pre-constructed dust type and cleaning head parameter mapping table, and cleaning based on the cleaning head parameter; Collecting the contact pressure of the cleaning head and the photovoltaic panel in real time in the cleaning process, and dynamically adjusting the height of the cleaning head based on the contact pressure and the parameters of the cleaning head; And acquiring residual dust accumulation through five-point sampling detection after cleaning is finished, evaluating a cleaning result based on the residual dust accumulation, and performing secondary cleaning based on the cleaning result.

Description

Photovoltaic module cleaning execution system and method suitable for severe environment Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power stations, in particular to a photovoltaic module cleaning execution system and method suitable for severe environments. Background In the actual operation and maintenance scene of a northern photovoltaic base, such as an inner Mongolia million kilowatt level photovoltaic base, severe natural environment tests are faced throughout the year, the daily occurrence frequency of sand and dust in spring weather can reach 3-5 times, the peak value of sand and dust concentration exceeds 500 mug/m 3, the sand and dust bonding phenomenon is easy to be caused in the occasional rainy weather in summer, and the duration of the extremely low-temperature environment in winter is more than 4 months. Under the complex severe environment conditions, dust is easy to accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and a compact covering layer is formed, the covering layer can obviously prevent the photovoltaic panel from absorbing and converting sunlight, so that the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is reduced by 15-30%, and the power generation efficiency is reduced by even more than 40% under extreme working conditions, so that the power generation benefit and the operation stability of a photovoltaic base are seriously affected. At present, the traditional cleaning technical scheme for the surface dust of the photovoltaic panel has a plurality of inherent defects, and is difficult to adapt to the severe environment and the large-scale operation and maintenance requirements of a northern photovoltaic base, and the method has the advantages that the cleaning strategy is lack of pertinence and flexibility, a single cleaning mode of a preset flight path is adopted by adopting fixed brush force, the adaptation adjustment cannot be carried out according to the dust accumulation type, the difference of floating dust with light texture and easy flying, particles with hard sand particles and mixed dust bonded by water is included, the secondary dust accumulation problem is easy to occur in the floating dust cleaning process, the dust accumulation at gaps is difficult to remove in the sand particle cleaning process, the excessive consumption of water resources is caused in the bonded dust cleaning process, the cleaning operation is lack of a closed-loop feedback mechanism, the sampling inspection is carried out only by means of manual visual mode after the cleaning is finished, the sampling inspection coverage rate is less than 5%, a large amount of dust accumulation exceeding the photovoltaic panel cannot be recognized in time, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is continuously located at a lower level, the manual intervention degree is high, the operation is complex, the cleaning head parameters such as the rotating speed of the brush, the flow and the preset flight path and the cleaning equipment is required to be manually planned to complete. The daily effective cleaning area of the conventional single-frame cleaning equipment is only 8000m 2, a large amount of labor cost is required to be input when the large-scale cleaning requirement of the photovoltaic base of the inner Mongolian mu level is met, and potential safety hazards exist in manual outdoor operation in a low-temperature environment in winter, so that the operation and maintenance cost is high, and the practical requirements of large-scale and efficient operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic base cannot be met. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Disclosure of Invention The application aims to provide a photovoltaic module cleaning execution system and a photovoltaic module cleaning execution method suitable for a severe environment, which solve the problems of the background technology to a certain extent, improve the cleaning efficiency and stability of a photovoltaic panel in the severe environment and reduce the cost. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the application provides a photovoltaic module cleaning execution system suitable for a severe environment, which comprises an instruction receiving module, a dust type adapting module, a pressure regulating module, an effect evaluating module and an autonomous control module; The instruction receiving module is used for receiving a cleaning instruction and acquiring historical data and real-time meteorological data of a target area based on the cleaning instruction; The dust type adapting module judges the