CN-122028369-A - ICRF antenna limiter capable of being replaced locally and assembling method thereof

CN122028369ACN 122028369 ACN122028369 ACN 122028369ACN-122028369-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a local-replaceable ICRF antenna limiter and an assembly method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion engineering and plasma-oriented components. The restrictor comprises a cooling substrate with internal cooling flow channels and a number of restrictor units arranged in an array. Each limiter unit consists of a front-end armor, a side guard plate, a back support plate, a heat pipe assembly and a fastener, wherein an evaporation section of the heat pipe assembly is clamped between the front-end armor and the back support plate through interference fit, and a condensation section is inserted into an insertion port of the cooling substrate and is sealed through a sealing piece. The invention combines the heat pipe phase change heat transfer and the modularized plug structure, and can independently and quickly replace the damaged unit without affecting the whole cooling loop. Meanwhile, the physical isolation between the high heat flow surface and the cooling main loop is realized through the heat pipe, the heat exchange area is expanded by utilizing the condensation section, the heat exchange is enhanced by utilizing the porous metal layer, and the heat dissipation capacity and the operation safety are obviously improved.

Inventors

YANG QINGXI
Shi Genmu
YU QINGZHOU
DENG SHENG
XU HAO
CHEN ZHAOXI

Assignees

中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260306

Claims (10)

1. A partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter, characterized by comprising the following steps: The cooling substrate is internally provided with a cooling medium runner, the surface of the cooling substrate is provided with a plurality of heat pipe insertion openings arranged in an array manner, and the inner wall of each heat pipe insertion opening is provided with a sealing groove and a sealing assembly arranged in the sealing groove; A plurality of limiter units which are independently arranged on the cooling base plate in a detachable modularized mode, wherein each limiter unit comprises a front end armor facing to plasma, a side guard plate positioned on the side edge of the front end armor, a back support plate serving as a structural framework, a heat pipe assembly used for heat transfer and a fastener, The front-end armor is correspondingly provided with a heat pipe groove on the opposite surface of the back supporting plate; The heat pipe assembly comprises an evaporation section, a transition section and a condensation section; the evaporation section is embedded and clamped between the front-end armor and the heat pipe groove of the back supporting plate to form thermal coupling; the transition section is connected with the evaporation section and the condensation section, and is arranged between the side guard plate and the back support plate, and the condensation section penetrates through the back support plate and is detachably inserted into the heat pipe inserting port of the cooling substrate and forms axial sealing fit with the sealing assembly; the restrictor unit is detachably connected to the cooling base plate by the fasteners to enable independent replacement of individual restrictor units.
2. A partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter according to claim 1 wherein the heat pipe assembly comprises one or more heat pipes, the number of heat pipes being configured such that the total heat transfer power is greater than or equal to the limit thermal load of the limiter unit design.
3. A partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter according to claim 1 wherein the size of the heat pipe groove is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the corresponding portion of the heat pipe assembly such that the evaporator section and transition section of the heat pipe assembly form an interference fit with the heat pipe groove after assembly.
4. The partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter of claim 1 wherein the outer surface of the condensing section of the heat pipe assembly is sintered with a porous metal layer positioned within the cooling medium flow path for enhancing heat transfer between the condensing section and the cooling medium when the limiter unit is mounted to the cooling substrate.
5. The partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter of claim 1 wherein the front armor and side shields have threaded holes in a side facing the back support plate and corresponding through holes in the back support plate, and wherein the fasteners are bolts that pass through the through holes in the back support plate and are threaded into the threaded holes to compress and assemble the front armor, side shields, back support plate and heat pipe assembly as one unit.
6. A partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter according to claim 1 wherein the heat pipe assembly has a condensing section heat transfer area greater than a heat transfer area of an evaporating section thereof.
7. The partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter of claim 1 wherein the front armor is a chrome zirconium copper alloy having a plasma-facing surface deposited with tungsten, carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite or MAX phase material and the back support plate is 316L stainless steel.
8. A partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter according to claim 1 wherein the inlet and outlet of the cooling medium flow passage are arranged on the same side or opposite sides of the cooling substrate to accommodate different spatial arrangements of antenna systems.
9. A method of assembly for use with the partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter of any one of claims 1-8 comprising: cooling the heat pipe assembly to a preset low temperature to shrink the volume of the heat pipe assembly; Placing the contracted heat pipe assembly into a heat pipe groove corresponding to the front-end armor, the side guard plates and the back support plate; before the heat pipe assembly returns to the temperature, the front-end armor, the side guard plates and the back support plate are locked and fixed by using fasteners; After the heat pipe assembly is warmed to room temperature and expands in volume, interference fit is formed in the heat pipe groove, and the assembly of the limiter unit is completed; Inserting the condensation section of the assembled heat pipe assembly of the limiter unit into the heat pipe insertion opening of the cooling substrate, and fixing the limiter unit to the cooling substrate by a fastener.
10. The assembly method of claim 9, further comprising uniformly compressing the seal assembly along the inner wall of the seal groove by an axial force during insertion of the condensing section into the heat pipe insertion port to form an initial sealing state before the restrictor unit is fastened to the cooling substrate by the fastening member, and achieving a designed compression amount of the seal assembly to achieve a reliable seal after the fastening member is fastened.

Description

ICRF antenna limiter capable of being replaced locally and assembling method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion engineering and plasma-oriented components, and particularly relates to a local-replaceable ICRF antenna limiter and an assembly method thereof. Background In a magneto-restrictive nuclear fusion device, a ICRF (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency) heating system is an important means for realizing high-temperature plasma heating, current driving and performance regulation. ICRF antennas are typically placed in the vacuum chamber near the plasma with the front end structure inevitably subjected to high heat flow from the plasma, particle bombardment, etc. Therefore, a limiter is required to protect the other components of the ICRF antenna from the bombardment of the plasma. Under typical operating conditions, the surface heat flux density of the limiter can reach 2-10 MW/m 2, and the local peak value is even higher. The cooling mode of most of the current limiters still mainly comprises forced water cooling convection heat exchange. To avoid a complicated cooling circuit, a tube-through structure is generally adopted (for example, chinese patent publication nos. CN118156792a and CN 101807738B). While such a configuration can meet the basic heat flow discharge requirements, once a certain portion of the limiter is damaged, it is often necessary to replace the entire string of limiter modules and to re-weld the inlet and outlet cooling lines. The operation is complicated, and the maintenance cost is high. As a device for realizing high-efficiency Heat transmission based on medium phase change circulation, the Heat Pipe (Heat Pipe) has the advantages of extremely high equivalent Heat conductivity, low thermal resistance, simple structure, no need of pump driving and the like, and has been widely applied to the fields of electronic Heat dissipation and aerospace Heat control. The evaporator can rapidly transfer a large amount of heat between the evaporation end and the condensation end, so that local temperature rise and thermal gradient are effectively reduced. Compared with the traditional internal cooling channel, the heat pipe does not need to be arranged in a complicated cooling loop, has a simpler structure, and is suitable for the design of the limiter with limited installation space, extremely high heat load and the requirement of realizing modularized quick replacement. In summary, the existing ICRF antenna limiter generally has the problems of limited heat dissipation potential, complex structure, difficult independent maintenance due to local damage, and the like. Traditional water cooling schemes are difficult to balance between efficient heat dissipation and convenient maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a novel limiter structure, which overcomes the existing limitations by using the efficient phase change heat transfer technology, and realizes modularized quick replacement while improving the heat dissipation performance, thereby improving the overall reliability and maintainability of the ICRF system. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a local-replaceable ICRF antenna limiter and an assembly method thereof, and aims to realize independent and quick replacement of a limiter unit through a modularized design and a heat pipe phase change heat transfer technology, so that the cooling capacity under high heat load is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the leakage risk of a cooling agent is obviously reduced. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a partially replaceable ICRF antenna limiter comprising: The cooling substrate is internally provided with a cooling medium runner, the surface of the cooling substrate is provided with a plurality of heat pipe insertion openings arranged in an array manner, and the inner wall of each heat pipe insertion opening is provided with a sealing groove and a sealing assembly arranged in the sealing groove; A plurality of limiter units which are independently arranged on the cooling base plate in a detachable modularized mode, wherein each limiter unit comprises a front end armor facing to plasma, a side guard plate positioned on the side edge of the front end armor, a back support plate serving as a structural framework, a heat pipe assembly used for heat transfer and a fastener, The front-end armor is correspondingly provided with a heat pipe groove on the opposite surface of the back supporting plate; The heat pipe assembly comprises an evaporation section, a transition section and a condensation section; the evaporation section is embedded and clamped between the front-end armor and the heat pipe groove of the back supporting plate to form thermal coupling; the transition section is connected with the evaporation section and the condensation section, and is arranged between the side guar