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CN-122028550-A - Solar cell and photovoltaic module

CN122028550ACN 122028550 ACN122028550 ACN 122028550ACN-122028550-A

Abstract

The application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The battery comprises a semiconductor substrate, a doped layer and a passivation layer, wherein the passivation layer is provided with a window so that the doped layer is partially exposed, an electrode structure is arranged on one side, away from the semiconductor substrate, of the passivation layer, the electrode structure comprises a seed layer and a base metal layer, the seed layer comprises a main body part, first metal particles and second metal particles, the main body part wraps at least part of the first metal particles and/or at least part of the second metal particles, the surface, away from the semiconductor substrate, of the doped layer is a first surface, projections of the first metal particles and the second metal particles on the first surface are at least partially overlapped or are close to each other, and/or materials of the first metal particles and the second metal particles are different from main elements of the main body part and main elements of the base metal layer. The application can reduce the cost of the solar cell and has relatively better electrical performance.

Inventors

  • Bian Chunlong
  • TONG HONGBO
  • ZHANG HONGCHAO
  • XIE RUI
  • WANG YUNLONG

Assignees

  • 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司西咸新区分公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260116

Claims (17)

  1. 1. A solar cell, comprising: A semiconductor substrate; The doping layer and the passivation layer are sequentially arranged on the surface of the semiconductor substrate; the passivation layer is provided with a window so that a part of the doped layer is exposed; An electrode structure located on a side of the passivation layer facing away from the semiconductor substrate, the electrode structure comprising a seed layer and a base metal layer, at least part of the seed layer and at least part of the base metal layer being located within the window, the seed layer being in contact with the doped layer, the base metal layer covering at least part of the seed layer, the seed layer comprising a body portion, first metal particles and second metal particles, the body portion surrounding at least part of the first metal particles and/or at least part of the second metal particles, the surface of the doped layer facing away from the semiconductor substrate being a first surface, the projections of the first metal particles and the second metal particles at least partially coinciding or being located close to each other, and/or, The material of both the first metal particles and the second metal particles is different from the bulk element of the bulk portion and the bulk element of the base metal layer.
  2. 2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the first metal particles are distributed on the first surface in the form of scattered spots and/or agglomerates and/or the second metal particles are distributed on the first surface in the form of scattered spots and/or agglomerates.
  3. 3. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein for the same window: The number of first metal particles being greater than the number of second metal particles, and/or, The first metal particles have an area ratio that is greater than the area ratio of the second metal particles, and/or, The weight ratio of the first metal particles is greater than the weight ratio of the second metal particles, and/or, The distribution trend of the agglomerates of the first metal particles is the same as the distribution trend of the agglomerates of the second metal particles.
  4. 4. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein, For the same window: the agglomerates of the first metal particles and/or the agglomerates of the second metal particles are distributed at least at the location where the first surface roughness is greater, and/or, In the thickness direction of the solar cell, the first surface has protrusions and depressions, and the agglomerates of the first metal particles and/or the agglomerates of the second metal particles are distributed at least at the protrusion positions of the first surface.
  5. 5. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the window comprises an edge region and a middle region inside the edge region, for the same window: At least a portion of the agglomerates of the first metal particles in the edge region have a size that is greater than the size of the agglomerates of the first metal particles in the intermediate region, and/or, At least a portion of the agglomerates of the second metal particles in the edge region have a size that is greater than the size of the agglomerates of the second metal particles in the intermediate region.
  6. 6. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the doped layer is divided into a first doped layer and a second doped layer having different polarities, the passivation layer is divided into a first passivation layer and a second passivation layer, the electrode structure is divided into a first electrode structure and a second electrode structure, the first doped layer is the same as the doping type of the semiconductor substrate, and the second doped layer is different from the doping type of the semiconductor substrate.
  7. 7. The solar cell of claim 6, wherein the window comprises an edge region and a middle region located inside the edge region; The size of at least part of the agglomerates of the first metal particles in the edge region in the window corresponding to the first doping layer is larger than the size of the agglomerates of the first metal particles in the edge region in the window corresponding to the second doping layer, and/or, And the size of at least part of the agglomerates of the second metal particles in the edge area in the window corresponding to the first doping layer is larger than the size of the agglomerates of the second metal particles in the edge area in the window corresponding to the second doping layer.
  8. 8. The solar cell according to claim 6, wherein a degree of warpage of the first passivation layer in the vicinity of the window corresponding to the first doped layer is greater than a degree of warpage of the second passivation layer in the vicinity of the window corresponding to the second doped layer, and/or, The surface relief of the first surface of the second doped layer at least partially located within the window is greater than the surface relief of the first surface of the first doped layer at least partially located within the window, and/or, The surface of the seed layer, which faces away from the semiconductor substrate, is in a concave-convex fluctuation state.
  9. 9. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the window comprises an edge region and a middle region inside the edge region, and wherein the height of the seed layer of the edge region is greater than the height of the seed layer of the middle region for the same window.
  10. 10. The solar cell according to claim 9, wherein a difference between a height of the seed layer of the edge region and a height of the seed layer of the intermediate region is 500nm or less for the same window.
  11. 11. The solar cell of claim 6, wherein the window comprises an edge region and a middle region located inside the edge region; the height of the seed layer of the edge area in the window corresponding to the first doping layer is larger than that of the seed layer of the edge area in the window corresponding to the second doping layer.
  12. 12. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein in a thickness direction of the solar cell, there are protrusions and depressions on the first surface within the window, and a pitch of adjacent protrusions is larger than a height difference of the protrusions and the depressions.
  13. 13. The solar cell of claim 12, wherein a difference in height between the protrusions and the depressions within the window is 500nm or less.
  14. 14. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the passivation layer has slits in a position close to the window, the slits being filled with the first metal particles and/or the second metal particles.
  15. 15. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first metal particles and the second metal particles are of different materials; The material of the first metal particles is selected from at least one of platinum, gold, silver, cobalt and indium, and/or, The material of the second metal particles is at least one selected from zinc, platinum, gold, silver, chromium, rhodium, indium, palladium and tin.
  16. 16. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the seed layer contains phosphorus in an amount of 2 to 8% by mass and/or, The material of the main body part is selected from at least one of titanium, tungsten, chromium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tin, lead, palladium, niobium, ruthenium, indium, zinc, titanium boride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, titanium tungsten alloy, titanium silicon compound, titanium silicon nitride, tantalum silicon nitride compound, nickel vanadium and hexagonal boron nitride, and/or, The base metal layer is made of at least one material selected from copper, chromium, lead, aluminum, silver-coated copper and silver-coated copper containing silver powder.
  17. 17. A photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of series and/or parallel cell strings comprising an electrical connection electrically connecting at least two electrode structures of the solar cells and the solar cells of any one of claims 1 to 16.

Description

Solar cell and photovoltaic module Technical Field The application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and particularly relates to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. Background The solar cell is a component capable of converting light energy into electric energy, and has wide application prospect because the solar cell uses clean energy. The electrode structure in a solar cell is mainly used to collect carriers or current in the cell and to conduct the current. Currently, in the electrode structure of a solar cell, precious metals such as silver are generally used in total, which results in high cost of the solar cell. Disclosure of Invention The application aims to provide a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, which at least solve one of the problems of high cost of the solar cell. In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, including: A semiconductor substrate; The doping layer and the passivation layer are sequentially arranged on the surface of the semiconductor substrate; the passivation layer is provided with a window so that a part of the doped layer is exposed; An electrode structure located on a side of the passivation layer facing away from the semiconductor substrate, the electrode structure comprising a seed layer and a base metal layer, at least part of the seed layer and at least part of the base metal layer being located within the window, the seed layer being in contact with the doped layer, the base metal layer covering at least part of the seed layer, the seed layer comprising a body portion, first metal particles and second metal particles, the body portion surrounding at least part of the first metal particles and/or at least part of the second metal particles, the surface of the doped layer facing away from the semiconductor substrate being a first surface, the projections of the first metal particles and the second metal particles at least partially coinciding or being located close to each other, and/or, The material of both the first metal particles and the second metal particles is different from the bulk element of the bulk portion and the bulk element of the base metal layer. First, the first metal particles and the second metal particles are arranged in the seed layer, the first metal particles are easy to realize uniform and dispersed distribution on the first surface, the projections of the first metal particles and the second metal particles on the first surface are at least partially overlapped or are close to each other, the first metal particles can be used as activation sites of the second metal particles, and the second metal particles are pulled to preferentially nucleate and grow nearby the first metal particles. The first metal particles and the second metal particles can be uniformly and dispersedly distributed on the first surface, and finally, the first metal particles and the second metal particles can be uniformly and dispersedly distributed on the first surface of the doped layer far away from the semiconductor substrate, on the other hand, the first metal particles and the second metal particles can be used as activation points for forming the main body part of the seed layer due to better conductive performance, so at least one purpose of the scheme of the application is to enable the growth speed of the seed layer on different positions of the surface of the doped layer to be consistent, the main body part of the seed layer with relatively uniform thickness can be obtained, the electrical property of the seed layer is relatively better, the current collection effect is improved, meanwhile, the material consumption of an electrode structure can be properly reduced under the same current collection requirement, and the battery cost can be further reduced. In some embodiments, the first metal particles are distributed on the first surface in the form of discrete dots and/or agglomerates, and/or the second metal particles are distributed on the first surface in the form of discrete dots and/or agglomerates. In some embodiments, for the same window: The number of first metal particles being greater than the number of second metal particles, and/or, The first metal particles have an area ratio that is greater than the area ratio of the second metal particles, and/or, The weight ratio of the first metal particles is greater than the weight ratio of the second metal particles, and/or, The distribution trend of the agglomerates of the first metal particles is the same as the distribution trend of the agglomerates of the second metal particles. In some embodiments, for the same window: the agglomerates of the first metal particles and/or the agglomerates of the second metal particles are distributed at least at the location where the first surface roughness is greater, and/or, In the thickness direction of the solar cell, the first surface has protrusions and depressions, and the agglomerates of the first metal