CN-122028582-A - Solar cell, preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device

Abstract

The application relates to a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device, wherein the solar cell comprises a first electrode, a functional layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode which are stacked along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the functional layer and the photoelectric conversion layer are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer is arranged close to the second electrode, the functional layer comprises an organic polymer, an organic substance comprises a hole transport group, the content of active groups in the functional layer is less than or equal to 1%, and the active groups comprise oxyacid groups and oxyacid ester groups formed by the oxyacid groups. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell provided by the application can be further improved.

Inventors

• CHEN CHANGSONG
• LIANG WEIFENG
• MA JUNFU
• TU BAO
• ZHOU LIMEI
• LI YUELONG
• ZHU CHEN

Assignees

• 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20250331

Claims (20)

1. 1. A solar cell comprising a first electrode, a functional layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode, which are stacked in a thickness direction of the solar cell, the functional layer and the photoelectric conversion layer being disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer being disposed close to the second electrode; the functional layer comprises an organic polymer, the organic matter comprises a hole transport group, the content of active groups in the functional layer is less than or equal to 1%, and the active groups comprise oxo acid groups and oxo acid ester groups formed by the oxo acid groups.
2. 2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the degree of polymerization of the organic polymer is 3 or more.
3. 3. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic polymer comprises a plurality of repeating units, each of the repeating units comprising a linking unit and a side chain group, the side chain group comprising a hole transporting group, the linking unit in each of the repeating units being linked to the hole transporting group, the linking units of two adjacent repeating units being linked to each other.
4. 4. A solar cell according to claim 3, wherein the connection unit comprises Single bond In (c) a plurality of the above, R' 1 comprises one or more of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted ether group, a silicon-containing group, a secondary amino group or a carbonyl group, # # represents the connection site of two adjacent repeating units; representing the site of attachment of the linking unit to the hole transport group; In the case where the above-mentioned groups are substituted with a substituent group, the substituent group includes one or more of an alkyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, an amine group, a halogen group, an alkylthio group, an oxygen-containing substituent group, and in the case where the substituent group includes a carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 10.
5. 5. The solar cell of claim 4, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted alkylene comprises a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C4 alkylene.
6. 6. The solar cell of claim 4 or 5, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group comprises one or more of the following structural formulas:
7. 7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the hole transporting group comprises one or more of a substituted or unsubstituted aniline group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted furan group.
8. 8. The solar cell according to claim 7, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted aniline group comprises a structure represented by formula A 1 , In the formula A 1 , the formula, M 11 and M 12 each independently include a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having a ring-forming number of C5 to C30; M 13 comprises a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having a cyclic number of C5 to C30; in the case where the above-mentioned groups are substituted with a substituent group, the substituent group includes one or more of an amine group, a halogen group, an alkylthio group, an oxygen-containing substituent group, or an alkyl group, and in the case where the substituent group includes a carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 10.
9. 9. The solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted aniline group includes one or more of a structure represented by formula A 1-1 to a structure represented by formula A 1-6 , In the formula, Represents a linking site of the linking unit to the hole transport group, n 1 、n 2 、n 3 、n 4 and n 5 are each independently any integer from 0 to 3, and in the same structural formula, n 1 、n 2 、n 3 、n 4 and n 5 are not simultaneously 0.
10. 10. The solar cell according to claim 7, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted carbazole-based group includes a structure represented by formula A 2 , In the formula A 2 , the formula, M14 includes a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring-forming atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring-forming atoms; m 15 and M 16 each independently include a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring-forming atom number of C6 to C30, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring-forming atom number of C5 to C30; in the case where the above-mentioned groups are substituted with a substituent group, the substituent group includes one or more of an amine group, a halogen group, an alkylthio group, an oxygen-containing substituent group, or an alkyl group, and in the case where the substituent group includes a carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 10.
11. 11. The solar cell according to claim 10, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group includes one or more of a substituted or unsubstituted structure represented by formula A 2-1 to a substituted or unsubstituted structure represented by formula A 2-11 , In the formula, Represents the connection site of the connection unit and the hole transport group, n 1 、n 2 、n 3 、n 4 is any integer from 0 to 3 independently from each other, and in the same structural formula, n 1 、n 2 、n 3 、n 4 is not 0;m but any integer from 0 to 9 at the same time.
12. 12. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted thiophene group comprises a structure represented by formulae a 3-1 to a 3-6 : In the formula, Represents a linking site of the linking unit to the hole transport group, n 1 and n 2 are each independently any integer from 0 to 3, and in the same structural formula, n 1 and n 2 are not simultaneously 0.
13. 13. The solar cell of claim 7, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted furans group comprises a structure represented by formulas a 4-1 to a 4-8 : In the formula, Represents the connection site of the connection unit and the hole transport group, n 1 、n 2 is each independently any integer from 0 to 3, and n 1 、n 2 is not 0 at the same time in the same structural formula.
14. 14. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the repeating unit of the organic polymer comprises one or more of the structures shown in formulae I-1 to I-6:
15. 15. The solar cell according to any of the claims 1-16, wherein, The functional layer satisfies (W 2 /W 1 ) x 100% of 80% to 100%, W 1 represents the maximum absorption peak in the wavelength range from 200nm to 400nm of the ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum after the functional layer is soaked in N, N-dimethylformamide for 5 min; w 2 represents the maximum absorption peak in the wavelength range from 200nm to 400nm of the ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum after the functional layer is soaked in N, N-dimethylformamide and chlorobenzene for 5min in sequence.
16. 16. The solar cell according to claim 15, wherein the functional layer satisfies (W 3 /W 1 ) x 100% of 60% to 100%, Wherein W 3 represents the maximum absorption peak in the wavelength range of 200nm to 400nm of the ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum after the functional layer is soaked in N, N-dimethylformamide for 5min, chlorobenzene for 5min and dichloromethane for 5min in sequence.
17. 17. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-16, further comprising a hole transport layer, the functional layer being located between the hole transport layer and the photoelectric conversion layer.
18. 18. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-17, further comprising an electron transport layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode.
19. 19. A method of fabricating a solar cell, comprising: Providing a first electrode; Providing an organic monomer to one side of a first electrode, wherein the organic monomer comprises a side chain group and an active group connected with the side chain group, the side chain group comprises a hole transport group, the content of the active group in the organic monomer is less than or equal to 1%, and the active group comprises an oxo acid group; Polymerizing the organic monomer to form a functional layer; and at least arranging a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode on the functional layer in sequence to obtain the solar cell.
20. 20. The method of manufacturing according to claim 19, wherein the step of providing the organic monomer to one side of the first electrode comprises: providing a hole transport layer on the first electrode; and arranging an organic monomer on the hole transport layer.

Description

Solar cell, preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device Technical Field The application relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device. Background The solar cell is a cell for converting light energy into electric energy, has excellent photoelectric properties and a simple preparation method, and brings new space and hope for photovoltaic power generation. At present, how to further improve the device stability and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is a problem to be solved. Disclosure of Invention The application provides a solar cell, a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device. In a first aspect, the present application proposes a solar cell including a first electrode, a functional layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode, which are stacked in a thickness direction of the solar cell, the functional layer and the photoelectric conversion layer being disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer being disposed close to the second electrode; the functional layer comprises an organic polymer, the organic matter comprises a hole transport group, the content of active groups in the functional layer is less than or equal to 1%, and the active groups comprise oxo acid groups and oxo acid ester groups formed by the oxo acid groups. Therefore, the organic polymer forms a film structure, the film structure is not easy to generate interlayer movement, so that the functional layer can stably play a role, the stability of the device and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are improved, and the film structure can be understood to be an integral film structure formed by connecting any two repeated units with each other or a film structure formed by combining a plurality of organic polymers with different polymerization degrees. The functional layer also has a hole transmission function, so that the hole transmission efficiency can be effectively improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is further improved. Further, by controlling the structural composition of the organic monomer, the content of the active groups in the functional layer can be limited to a low level, for example, less than 1%, so that perovskite deprotonation caused by the reaction of the oxygen-containing acid groups in the functional layer and perovskite in the photoelectric conversion layer can be reduced, and the stability of the device can be improved. In some embodiments, the organic polymer has a degree of polymerization of 3 or greater. In some embodiments, the organic polymer comprises a plurality of repeating units, each of the repeating units comprising a linking unit and a side chain group, the side chain group comprising a hole transporting group, the linking unit in each of the repeating units being linked to the hole transporting group, the linking units of adjacent two of the repeating units being linked to each other. In some embodiments, the connection unit comprisesSingle bondIn (c) a plurality of the above, R' 1 comprises one or more of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted ether group, a silicon-containing group, a secondary amino group or a carbonyl group, # # represents the connection site of two adjacent repeating units; representing the site of attachment of the linking unit to the hole transport group; In the case where the above-mentioned groups are substituted with a substituent group, the substituent group includes one or more of an alkyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, an amine group, a halogen group, an alkylthio group, an oxygen-containing substituent group, and in the case where the substituent group includes a carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 10. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted alkylene includes a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C6 alkylene. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted alkylene includes a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C4 alkylene. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups include one or more of the following structural formulas: in some embodiments, the hole transporting group comprises one or more of a substituted or unsubstituted aniline group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted furan group. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted aniline group includes a structure represented by formula a 1: In the formula A 1, the formula, M 11 and M 12 each independently include a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having a ring-forming number of C5 to C30; M 13 comprises a substituted or u