CN-122028591-A - Solar cell, preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module, power utilization device and power generation device

CN122028591ACN 122028591 ACN122028591 ACN 122028591ACN-122028591-A

Abstract

The application relates to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, an electric device and a power generation device. The solar cell comprises a perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer comprises non-chlorine monovalent anions selected from the group consisting of non-chlorine halogen anions and pseudohalogen anions, the perovskite layer further comprises chlorine elements, the first relative concentration of the chlorine elements of the perovskite layer is M0, M0 is less than or equal to 6%, and the first relative concentration of the chlorine elements of the first region is greater than the first relative concentration of the chlorine elements of the second region. The solar cell can improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability.

Inventors

LIN XIANGLING
LIN ZUCHAO
SU SHUOJIAN
LIANG JIANGHU
WU TIANLONG
ZHAO GUANGUAN

Assignees

宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260123

Claims (20)

1. A solar cell comprising a perovskite layer, the perovskite layer comprising a non-chloride monovalent anion selected from the group consisting of non-chloride halogen anions and pseudohalogen anions; the perovskite layer further comprises chlorine element, wherein the mole percentage of the chlorine element in a preset area in the perovskite layer relative to the non-chlorine monovalent anions in the preset area is recorded as the first relative concentration of the chlorine element in the preset area, and the first relative concentration of the chlorine element in the perovskite layer is M0, M0 is less than or equal to 6%; The perovskite layer is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite in the thickness direction, the first surface is a light incident side, the thickness of the perovskite layer is recorded as H, a first area with the thickness of 5-10 nm exists in an area extending from the first surface along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer towards the inside of the perovskite layer along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer, and a second area with the thickness of 5-10 nm exists in an area extending from the H/2 position of the perovskite layer along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer towards the first surface and the second surface along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer respectively, wherein the thickness of the second area is 5-10 nm; the first relative concentration of chlorine element in the first zone is greater than the first relative concentration of chlorine element in the second zone.
2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the first relative concentration of elemental chlorine of the perovskite layer is 0.004% -5.17%, optionally 0.08% -4%.
3. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein one or more of the following characteristics are satisfied: (1) The first relative concentration of chlorine element in the first area is 0.003% -1.5%, and optionally 0.05% -1.5%; (2) The first relative concentration of chlorine element in the second region is 0.00001% -0.05%, and optionally 0.0005% -0.05%.
4. A solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the first relative concentration of elemental chlorine in the first region to the first relative concentration of elemental chlorine in the second region is (29 to 105): 1, optionally (32 to 88): 1.
5. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a third region having a thickness of 5nm to 10nm exists in a region extending from the second surface toward the inside of the perovskite layer by 20nm in a thickness direction of the perovskite layer in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer; The first relative concentration of elemental chlorine of the third zone is greater than the first relative concentration of elemental chlorine of the second zone.
6. The solar cell of claim 5, wherein the first relative concentration of elemental chlorine in the third region is less than the first relative concentration of elemental chlorine in the first region; optionally, the first relative concentration of chlorine element in the third region is 0.0005% -0.6%, and optionally 0.01% -0.5%.
7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a region extending d1 from the first surface in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer toward the inside of the perovskite layer in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is referred to as a fourth region, 1/2×H-10 nm≤d1≤1/2×H+10nm, a direction from the first surface to the second surface in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is referred to as a Z1 direction, and the first relative concentration of chlorine element in the fourth region generally decreases in the Z1 direction.
8. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a region extending d2 from the second surface toward the inside of the perovskite layer in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is denoted as a fifth region, 1/2×h-10 nm≤d2≤1/2×h+10nm, a direction from the first surface to the second surface in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is denoted as a Z1 direction, and the first relative concentration of chlorine element in the fifth region is generally upward in the Z1 direction.
9. A solar cell comprising a perovskite layer, the perovskite layer comprising a non-chloride monovalent anion selected from the group consisting of non-chloride halogen anions and pseudohalogen anions; the perovskite layer further comprises chlorine element, wherein the mole percentage of the chlorine element in a preset area in the perovskite layer relative to the non-chlorine monovalent anions in the preset area is recorded as the first relative concentration of the chlorine element in the preset area, and the first relative concentration of the chlorine element in the perovskite layer is M0, M0 is less than or equal to 6%; The perovskite layer is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite in the thickness direction, the first surface is a light incident side, the thickness of the perovskite layer is recorded as H, a first area with the thickness of 5-10 nm exists in an area extending from the first surface along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer towards the inside of the perovskite layer along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer, and a second area with the thickness of 5-10 nm exists in an area extending from the H/2 position of the perovskite layer along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer towards the first surface and the second surface along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer respectively, wherein the thickness of the second area is 5-10 nm; The ratio of the amount of chlorine element in a preset area in the perovskite layer relative to the total amount of chlorine element in the perovskite layer is recorded as the amount ratio of chlorine element in the preset area, and the amount ratio of chlorine element in the first area is larger than the amount ratio of chlorine element in the second area.
10. The solar cell according to claim 9, wherein the first species of elemental chlorine of the first region is present in an amount of 6% -15%, optionally 9% -15%.
11. The solar cell according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the amount of the first substance of chlorine element of the second region is 0.3% -2%, optionally 0.4% -1%; Optionally, the ratio of the first substance amount ratio of the chlorine element in the first area to the first substance amount ratio in the second area is (10-35): 1.
12. The solar cell according to claim 9 to 11, wherein a third region having a thickness of 5nm to 10nm exists in a region extending from the second surface toward the inside of the perovskite layer by 20nm in a thickness direction of the perovskite layer in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer; The first species of elemental chlorine of the third zone has a greater mass ratio than the second species of elemental chlorine of the second zone.
13. The solar cell according to claim 12, wherein the amount of the first substance of chlorine in the third region is 5% -14%, optionally 5% -10%.
14. The solar cell according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the amount of the first substance of chlorine element of the third region is smaller than the amount of the first substance of chlorine element of the first region.
15. The solar cell according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein a region extending d1 from the first surface in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer toward the inside of the perovskite layer in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is referred to as a fourth region, 1/2×h-10 nm≤d1≤1/2×h+10nm, a direction from the first surface to the second surface in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is referred to as a Z1 direction, and an amount of the first substance of chlorine element in the fourth region generally decreases in the Z1 direction.
16. The solar cell according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein a region extending d2 from the second surface in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer toward the inside of the perovskite layer in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is denoted as a fifth region, 1/2×h-10 nm≤d2≤1/2×h+10nm, a direction from the first surface to the second surface in the thickness direction of the perovskite layer is denoted as a Z1 direction, and an amount of the first substance of chlorine element in the fifth region increases in the Z1 direction as a whole.
17. The solar cell of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the perovskite layer has an average molar volume concentration of elemental chlorine of 0.000001mmol/cm 3 ~0.00001mmol/cm 3 .
18. The solar cell of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the solar cell comprises a first transport layer disposed in a layer stack with the perovskite layer, the first transport layer comprising elemental chlorine.
19. The solar cell of claim 18, wherein the first transport layer comprises nickel oxide.
20. The solar cell of claim 19, wherein a direction from the second surface to the first surface in a thickness direction of the perovskite layer is denoted as a Z2 direction; The ratio of the amount of the chlorine element in the first transmission layer to the total amount of the chlorine element in the first transmission layer is recorded as the ratio of the amount of the chlorine element in the preset area to the amount of the chlorine element in the second transmission layer, and the ratio of the amount of the chlorine element in the first transmission layer to the amount of the chlorine element in the second transmission layer is in an overall rising trend in the Z2 direction.

Description

Solar cell, preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module, power utilization device and power generation device Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, an electric device and a power generation device. Background The solar cell is a device capable of converting light energy into electric energy by utilizing a photoelectric conversion mechanism, and has great development potential in the field of new energy sources by virtue of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, high response speed, long service life, low energy consumption, small volume, environmental friendliness and the like. The semiconductor active material is a core for photoelectric conversion of the solar cell, wherein the perovskite material has the characteristics of adjustable band gap, high defect tolerance, film formation by low-temperature solution and the like, and is widely used as the semiconductor active material of the solar cell. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of the solar cell still need to be further improved. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above problems, the present application provides a solar cell having improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electric device and a power generation device. In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell comprising a perovskite layer comprising a non-chlorine monovalent anion selected from the group consisting of non-chlorine halogen anions and pseudohalogen anions; The perovskite layer further comprises chlorine element; The mole percentage of chlorine elements in a preset area in the perovskite layer relative to the non-chlorine monovalent anions in the preset area is recorded as first relative concentration of the chlorine elements in the preset area, wherein the first relative concentration of the chlorine elements in the perovskite layer is M0, M0 is less than or equal to 6 percent; The perovskite layer is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite in the thickness direction, the first surface is a light incident side, the thickness of the perovskite layer is recorded as H, a first area with the thickness of 5-10 nm exists in an area extending from the first surface along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer towards the inside of the perovskite layer along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer, and a second area with the thickness of 5-10 nm exists in an area extending from the H/2 position of the perovskite layer along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer towards the first surface and the second surface along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer respectively, wherein the thickness of the second area is 5-10 nm; the first relative concentration of chlorine element in the first zone is greater than the first relative concentration of chlorine element in the second zone. The non-chlorine monovalent anions are used as one of the main components of the perovskite layer, the content is relatively stable, and the content of other components can be evaluated as a benchmark, so that the defined first relative concentration of chlorine element can be used for representing the content distribution of the chlorine element in the perovskite layer. The method comprises the steps of introducing chlorine elements into a perovskite layer, on one hand, filling uncomplexed dangling bonds and vacancies close to the interface of the perovskite layer (such as in a first area), forming a quasi-two-dimensional film with a perovskite material, reducing perovskite phase defects, passivating perovskite crystal boundaries, on the other hand, reducing shallow energy level defects through coordination action of chlorine elements in the phase (such as in a second area), fixing crystal lattices, effectively passivating the perovskite defects, and improving the crystallization quality of the perovskite layer, and further, controlling the chlorine element content in the perovskite layer in the above range is beneficial to reducing the perovskite defects, and considering the crystal quality and resistance of the perovskite layer, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of a solar cell are improved, and meanwhile, controlling the chlorine element concentration near the interface of the perovskite layer to be greater than the chlorine element concentration in the middle of the perovskite phase, so that the chlorine element concentration in the corresponding area is matched with the defect number of the area, and the overall passivation quality of the perovskite layer (such as the surface of the perovskite phase) is also beneficial to improving the uniformity of the crystal quality of the perovskite layer (such as the surface of the perovskite phase) is improve