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CN-122029655-A - Battery with improved electrolyte and improved electrode

CN122029655ACN 122029655 ACN122029655 ACN 122029655ACN-122029655-A

Abstract

The present specification relates to a battery device comprising-an electrode comprising an anode and a cathode, and-an electrolyte between the electrodes comprising a crystalline material having the composition M 2 B 2 O 5 . X (HOH) y (NOH), wherein M and N are alkali metals or hydrogen or mixtures of alkali metals or hydrogen, B is titanium, O and H represent elemental oxygen and hydrogen, respectively, and x and y are 0 to 4 and represent the presence of H + 、OH ‑ 、N + ions capable of migrating in the crystalline material, in particular at least one of the ions H + 、OH ‑ 、N + and M + is movable to migrate within the crystalline material towards at least one electrode, and the at least one electrode is made of a material suitable for chemical interaction with at least one of the ions H + 、OH ‑ 、N + and M + .

Inventors

  • B. Leridong
  • R. Federidge
  • S. HALL
  • F. Finoki

Assignees

  • 巴黎科学与文学基金会
  • 国家科学研究中心
  • 索邦大学
  • 巴黎高等理工化工学校

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20240811
Priority Date
20230911

Claims (16)

  1. 1. A battery device, comprising: -an electrode comprising an anode and a cathode, and An electrolyte between the electrodes comprising a crystalline material having a composition M 2 B 2 O 5 . X (HOH) y (NOH), wherein M and N are alkali metals or hydrogen or mixtures of alkali metals or hydrogen, B is titanium, O and H represent the elements oxygen and hydrogen, respectively, and x and y are 0 to 4 and represent the presence of H + 、OH - 、N + ions capable of migrating in the crystalline material, A device wherein at least one ion of H + 、OH - 、N + and M + is movable to migrate within a crystalline material towards at least one electrode, and the at least one electrode is made of a material suitable for chemical interaction with at least one of the H + 、OH - 、N + and M + ions.
  2. 2. The device of claim 1, comprising an anode made of a material comprising a metal hydride for chemical reaction with the migrating OH - ions.
  3. 3. The device of claim 1, comprising an anode made of a material comprising at least one element of zinc, iron and aluminum for chemical reaction with migrating OH - ions.
  4. 4. The device of claim 1, comprising an anode made of a material comprising dihydro for chemical reaction with mobile OH - ions.
  5. 5. The device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of oxygen and water.
  6. 6. The device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cathode is made of a material comprising nickel hydroxide (NiOOH).
  7. 7. The device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the cathode comprises silver oxide (AgO).
  8. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the cathode is made of a material comprising silver (Ag), and wherein silver oxide (AgO) is formed at an interface with the electrolyte.
  9. 9. The device of any one of claims 5-8, wherein the cathode is exposed to ambient air.
  10. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein ions migrating in the electrolyte are H + and OH - , the device comprising: -a cathode made of a material comprising silver and intercalating OH - ions, and -An anode made of a material comprising a structure of the M 2 B 3 O 7 type, where M is an alkali metal or a mixture of alkali metals, B is titanium and O is oxygen for intercalation of H + ions.
  11. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein ions migrating in the electrolyte are H + and OH - , the device comprising: -a cathode made of a material comprising silver and intercalating OH - ions, and -An anode made of a material comprising graphite and intercalated H + ions.
  12. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein x = 0 and M and/or N comprises at least one element selected from sodium and lithium, the device comprising: an anode made of a material containing elements of sodium and lithium, respectively, and -A cathode allowing the incorporation of lithium and/or sodium ions.
  13. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the cathode is made of a material selected from the group consisting of graphite and a M ' 2 B 3 O 7 type structure, wherein M' is an alkali metal or alkali metal mixture, B is titanium, and O is oxygen for intercalation of mobile m+ and/or n+ ions.
  14. 14. The device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anode material and the electrolyte material are deposited continuously in the form of respective thin layers.
  15. 15. The device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the anode is encapsulated in a resin material, thereby being sealed against air and moisture.
  16. 16. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the entire device is encapsulated in a resin material, thereby being sealed against air and moisture.

Description

Battery with improved electrolyte and improved electrode Technical Field The present disclosure relates to the field of batteries, whether in the form of primary batteries, fuel cells, or rechargeable batteries. Background Document WO-2018/060656 proposes a particularly promising material for forming the electrolyte of a supercapacitor, which is a crystalline solid with a 2B2O5 structure, where a may be an alkali metal and B may be titanium. The properties of this material are such that the inventors signed in this document consider the application in batteries, which is mentioned in this document (in particular on page 12, lines 15-30, see fig. 8 of this document). However, the purpose of the proposed embodiment is to treat the entire electrolyte in contact with both electrodes as a "pseudo-cell", in the sense that the discharge ("fast in the order of a few minutes, then relatively slow in the order of a few hours") cannot be perfectly controlled, and the casing of the piezoelectric element PZ1, PZ2, PZ3, etc. still has to mechanically confine or relax the material, thus blocking or releasing the charge. Typically, the material provided for the electrodes is carbon, or a metal such as copper, silver, gold or platinum, for collecting electrons only. Disclosure of Invention The present disclosure improves this situation. In order to better manage the charge/discharge of the device and increase the energy density that can be stored, it is proposed to preserve similar materials for the electrolyte, but to improve the choice of materials for the electrodes, by introducing controlled chemical interactions between the materials of the electrodes and the ions that can move within the materials of the electrolyte. Accordingly, the object is a battery device comprising: an electrode comprising an anode and a cathode, and An electrolyte between the electrodes comprising a crystalline material having a composition M 2B2O5. X (HOH) y (NOH), wherein M and N are alkali metals or hydrogen or mixtures of alkali metals or hydrogen, B is titanium, O and H represent the elements oxygen and hydrogen, respectively, and x and y are 0 to 4 and represent the presence of H +、OH-、N+ ions capable of migrating in the crystalline material, A device wherein at least one ion of H +、OH-、N+ and M + is movable to migrate in a crystalline material to at least one electrode, and the at least one electrode is made of a material suitable for chemical interaction with at least one of the H +、OH-、N+ and M + ions. As described above, "chemical interaction" is understood to mean intercalation of ions that migrate toward the electrode, or chemical reaction between the ions and the electrode material. Thus, the aforementioned chemical interactions comprise one of the following: -intercalating at least one of said H +、OH-、N+ and M + ions into at least one of said electrodes, and -A chemical (usually electrochemical) reaction of at least one of the H +、OH-、N+ and M + ions with the material of at least one of the electrodes. In the device described in the above document WO-2018/060656, the mobile ionic species accumulate in the vicinity of the electrodes, creating a charge accumulation that allows the collection, storage and release of electrical energy, but in pure electrostatic form. Thus, the amount of energy stored in a device constructed in accordance with the teachings of document WO-2018/060656 is still limited by the electrostatic properties stored. Herein, chemical interactions with the electrodes allow for more efficient control of charge/discharge and allow for increased energy storage density. The prior art cited above does not contemplate that the electrodes may be composed of materials in which specific ions intercalate or cause electrochemical reactions with the migrating ionic species. It is therefore not considered that the migrating species in the electrolyte (in particular OH -、H+、O2-) may react chemically with the constituent materials of the electrode or may be embedded therein. By this embodiment, the battery device of the present description conforms to the microscopic faraday mechanism typically found in rechargeable batteries, galvanic cells, or fuel cell designs, allowing for fine control of the charging or discharging of such devices. More specifically, the energy density is improved herein by adding mechanisms of intercalation, ion absorption or electrochemical reactions at the surface of the electrodes used, and by broadening the choice of mobile species in the electrolyte. The constituent materials of the electrodes are then selected to accommodate the migrating species in the electrolyte to produce a rechargeable battery device, primary cell or fuel cell. The solid electrolyte may be in the form of a single crystal, ceramic, pressed powder, film or thin film. Having the general formula M 2Ti2O5.x（H2 O) or M 2Ti2O5. X (NOH), where M is one or more alkali metals (and/or hydrogen), N is one or more alkali metals (and/or hydro