CN-122029715-A - Integrated switched capacitor bank with zero closing control

Abstract

A switched capacitor bank system includes a switched capacitor bank assembly having a switch between a capacitor and a phase line, a first voltage sensor for sensing a phase line voltage, and a second voltage sensor for sensing a capacitor voltage. The switched capacitor bank system includes a wireless current sensor for sensing a current of the phase line and an electronic controller configured to receive a first voltage signal from the first voltage sensor, a second voltage signal from the second voltage sensor, receive the current signal from the wireless current sensor, determine a phase shift calculation for the voltage of the phase line based on the current signal, determine when the voltage of the phase line is at a null position by comparing the first voltage signal, the second voltage signal, and the phase shift calculation, and close the switch when the voltage of the phase line is at a null position.

Inventors

• Balaji Santanam
• Julienne Brett
• David S. Yani

Assignees

• 阿克拉技术公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20241009

Priority Date

20231011

Claims (20)

1. 1. A switched capacitor bank system comprising: A switched capacitor bank assembly, the switched capacitor bank assembly comprising: A first capacitor; A first switch selectively connected between the first capacitor and a first phase line; A first voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first phase line; a second voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first capacitor; a frame arranged to physically support the first capacitor, the first switch, the first voltage sensor, and the second voltage sensor; a first wireless current sensor attached to the first phase line and configured to sense a current of the first phase line, and An electronic controller comprising an electronic processor operably coupled to the first switch, the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor, the first wireless current sensor, and configured to: Receiving a first voltage signal from the first voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the first phase line; receiving a second voltage signal from the second voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the first capacitor; Receiving a first current signal from the first wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the first phase line; Determining a first phase shift calculation for the voltage of the first phase line based on the first current signal; Determining when the voltage of the first phase line is at zero by comparing the first voltage signal, the second voltage signal, and the first phase shift calculation, and The first switch is closed when the voltage of the first phase line is at a zero position.
2. 2. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises an arrester mount.
3. 3. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 1, wherein the frame is mounted to a distribution bar.
4. 4. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 1, further comprising: A second capacitor physically supported by the frame; a second switch selectively connected between the second capacitor and a second phase line, the second switch being physically supported by the frame; A third voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the second switch and configured to sense a voltage of the second phase line; A fourth voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the second switch and configured to sense a voltage of the second capacitor, and A second wireless current sensor attached to the second phase line and configured to sense a current of the second phase line, Wherein the electronic controller is operably coupled to the second switch, the third voltage sensor, the fourth voltage sensor, and the second wireless current sensor.
5. 5. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 4, wherein the electronic controller is further configured to: receiving a third voltage signal from the third voltage sensor indicative of the voltage of the second phase line; receiving a fourth voltage signal from the fourth voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the second capacitor; Receiving a second current signal from the second wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the second phase line; Determining a second phase shift calculation for the voltage of the second phase line based on the second current signal; Determining when the voltage of the second phase line is at zero position by comparing the third voltage signal, the fourth voltage signal and the second phase shift calculation, and The second switch is closed when the voltage of the second phase line is at zero.
6. 6. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 5, further comprising: a third capacitor physically supported by the frame; a third switch selectively connected between the third capacitor and a third phase line, the third switch physically supported by the frame; a fifth voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the third switch and configured to sense a voltage of the third phase line; A sixth voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the third switch and configured to sense a voltage of the third capacitor, and A third wireless current sensor attached to the third phase line and configured to sense a current of the third phase line, Wherein the electronic controller is operably coupled to the third switch, the fifth voltage sensor, the sixth voltage sensor, and the third wireless current sensor.
7. 7. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 6, wherein the electronic controller is further configured to: receiving a fifth voltage signal from the fifth voltage sensor indicative of the voltage of the third phase line; receiving a sixth voltage signal from the sixth voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the third capacitor; Receiving a third current signal from the third wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the third phase line; determining a third phase shift calculation for the voltage of the third phase line based on the third current signal; Determining when the voltage of the third phase line is at zero by comparing the fifth voltage signal, the sixth voltage signal and the third phase shift calculation, and The third switch is closed when the voltage of the third phase line is at zero.
8. 8. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 7, wherein the first current signal comprises a phase and amplitude of a current of the first phase line, the second current signal comprises a phase and amplitude of a current of the second phase line, and the third current signal comprises a phase and amplitude of a current of the third phase line.
9. 9. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 1, wherein the electronic controller is further configured to: determining a time period between a previous first switch closing operation and closing the first switch; Comparing the time period with a previous time period for a previous first switch closing operation, and A time delay for closing the first switch upon a subsequent closing operation is determined.
10. 10. A method for controlling a switched capacitor bank system, the switched capacitor bank system comprising: a switched capacitor bank assembly having a first capacitor, A first switch selectively connected between the first capacitor and the first phase line, A first voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first phase line, A second voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first capacitor, and A frame arranged to physically support the first capacitor, the first switch, the first voltage sensor and the second voltage sensor, The switched capacitor bank system further includes a first wireless current sensor attached to the first phase line and configured to sense a current of the first phase line and an electronic controller including an electronic processor operably coupled to the first switch, the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor, the first wireless current sensor, the method comprising: Receiving, via the electronic controller, a first voltage signal from the first voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the first phase line; Receiving, via the electronic controller, a second voltage signal from the second voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the first capacitor; Receiving, via the electronic controller, a first current signal from the first wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the first phase line; Determining, via the electronic controller, a first phase shift calculation for the voltage of the first phase line based on the first current signal; Determining, via the electronic controller, when the voltage of the first phase line is at zero by comparing the first voltage signal, the second voltage signal, and the first phase shift calculation, and A command is transmitted via the electronic controller to close the first switch when the voltage of the first phase line is at a zero position.
11. 11. The method of claim 10, the switched capacitor bank system further comprising: A second capacitor physically supported by the frame; a second switch selectively connected between the second capacitor and a second phase line, the second switch being physically supported by the frame; A third voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the second switch and configured to sense a voltage of the second phase line; A fourth voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the second switch and configured to sense a voltage of the second capacitor, and A second wireless current sensor attached to the second phase line and configured to sense a current of the second phase line, Wherein the electronic controller is operably coupled to the second switch, the third voltage sensor, the fourth voltage sensor, and the second wireless current sensor.
12. 12. The method of claim 11, the method further comprising: Receiving, via the electronic controller, a third voltage signal from the third voltage sensor indicative of the voltage of the second phase line; receiving, via the electronic controller, a fourth voltage signal from the fourth voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the second capacitor; Receiving, via the electronic controller, a second current signal from the second wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the second phase line; Determining, via the electronic controller, a second phase shift calculation for the voltage of the second phase line based on the second current signal; Determining, via the electronic controller, when the voltage of the second phase line is at zero by comparing the third voltage signal, the fourth voltage signal, and the second phase shift calculation, and When the voltage of the second phase line is at a zero position, a command is transmitted via the electronic controller to close the second switch.
13. 13. The method of claim 12, the switched capacitor bank system further comprising: a third capacitor physically supported by the frame; a third switch selectively connected between the third capacitor and a third phase line, the third switch physically supported by the frame; a fifth voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the third switch and configured to sense a voltage of the third phase line; A sixth voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the third switch and configured to sense a voltage of the third capacitor, and A third wireless current sensor attached to the third phase line and configured to sense a current of the third phase line, Wherein the electronic controller is operably coupled to the third switch, the fifth voltage sensor, the sixth voltage sensor, and the third wireless current sensor.
14. 14. The method of claim 13, the method further comprising: Receiving, via the electronic controller, a fifth voltage signal from the fifth voltage sensor indicative of the voltage of the third phase line; Receiving, via the electronic controller, a sixth voltage signal from the sixth voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the third capacitor; receiving, via the electronic controller, a third current signal from the third wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the third phase line; determining, via the electronic controller, a third phase shift calculation for the voltage of the third phase line based on the third current signal; Determining, via the electronic controller, when the voltage of the third phase line is at zero by comparing the fifth voltage signal, the sixth voltage signal, and the third phase shift calculation, and When the voltage of the third phase line is at a zero position, a command is transmitted via the electronic controller to close the third switch.
15. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first current signal comprises a phase and a magnitude of a current of the first phase line, the second current signal comprises a phase and a magnitude of a current of the second phase line, and the third current signal comprises a phase and a magnitude of a current of the third phase line.
16. 16. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising: Determining, via the electronic controller, a time period between a previous first switch closing operation and closing the first switch; comparing, via the electronic controller, the time period with a previous time period for a previous first switch closing operation, and A time delay for closing the first switch upon a subsequent closing operation is determined via the electronic controller.
17. 17. A switched capacitor bank system comprising: a plurality of phase lines including a first phase line, a second phase line, and a third phase line; a switch-bank capacitor assembly, the switch-bank capacitor assembly comprising: a plurality of capacitors including a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a third capacitor; A plurality of voltage sensors including a first voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the first phase line, a second voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the first capacitor, a third voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the second phase line, a fourth voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the second capacitor, a fifth voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the third phase line, and a sixth voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the third capacitor; a plurality of switches including a first switch connected between the first phase line and the first capacitor, a second switch connected between the second phase line and the second capacitor, and a third switch connected between the third phase line and the third capacitor; a frame arranged to physically support the plurality of capacitors, the plurality of voltage sensors, and the plurality of switches; A plurality of wireless current sensors including a first wireless current sensor attached to the first phase line and configured to sense a current of the first phase line, a second wireless current sensor attached to the second phase line and configured to sense a current of the second phase line, and a third wireless current sensor attached to the third phase line and configured to sense a current of the third phase line, and An electronic controller including an electronic processor operably coupled to the switch-bank capacitor assembly and the plurality of wireless current sensors, the controller configured to selectively close the plurality of switches to connect the plurality of capacitors to respective ones of the plurality of phase lines based on signals received from the plurality of voltage sensors and the plurality of wireless current sensors.
18. 18. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 17, wherein selectively closing the plurality of switches comprises the electronic controller further configured to: Receiving a first voltage signal from the first voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the first phase line; receiving a second voltage signal from the second voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the first capacitor; Receiving a first current signal from the first wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the first phase line; Determining a first phase shift calculation for the voltage of the first phase line based on the first current signal; Determining when the voltage of the first phase line is at zero by comparing the first voltage signal, the second voltage signal, and the first phase shift calculation, and The first switch is closed when the voltage of the first phase line is at a zero position.
19. 19. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 18, wherein selectively closing the plurality of switches comprises the electronic controller further configured to: receiving a third voltage signal from the third voltage sensor indicative of the voltage of the second phase line; receiving a fourth voltage signal from the fourth voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the second capacitor; Receiving a second current signal from the second wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the second phase line; Determining a second phase shift calculation for the voltage of the second phase line based on the second current signal; Determining when the voltage of the second phase line is at zero position by comparing the third voltage signal, the fourth voltage signal and the second phase shift calculation, and The second switch is closed when the voltage of the second phase line is at zero.
20. 20. The switched capacitor bank system of claim 19, wherein selectively closing the plurality of switches comprises the electronic controller further configured to: receiving a fifth voltage signal from the fifth voltage sensor indicative of the voltage of the third phase line; receiving a sixth voltage signal from the sixth voltage sensor indicative of a voltage of the third capacitor; Receiving a third current signal from the third wireless current sensor indicative of a current of the third phase line; determining a third phase shift calculation for the voltage of the third phase line based on the third current signal; Determining when the voltage of the third phase line is at zero by comparing the fifth voltage signal, the sixth voltage signal and the third phase shift calculation, and The third switch is closed when the voltage of the third phase line is at zero.

Description

Integrated switched capacitor bank with zero closing control Cross Reference to Related Applications The application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No.63/589,548 filed on 10/11 of 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field Embodiments relate to capacitor bank switch assemblies. Disclosure of Invention Switched capacitor banks may be installed on utility poles and/or substations to apply power factor correction (e.g., by altering load phase) to the power grid in response to the application and removal of heavy industrial inductive loads. When the loads are out of phase, the additional reactive current increases transmission losses, which may lead to wasted energy and a need for additional power generation. Thus, the capacitor bank is used to help improve the transfer efficiency of the electrical energy transmitted through the power grid. Based on the power factor correction requirements of the grid, the charging and discharging of the capacitor is controlled with a switch. The charging and discharging of the capacitor may be switched via a switch to optimize voltage and power flow to the grid while reducing transmission losses. In view of the complexity and variety of existing switched capacitor bank component configurations, complex sensor and controller combinations are often utilized in an attempt to improve component performance. As a result, these components may require lengthy installation time, may be difficult to troubleshoot, and may be expensive to maintain during the life of the components. Furthermore, sensing accuracy in existing capacitor bank assemblies may be degraded by amplitude and phase errors and signal disturbances caused by lengthy sensors and control cables included in the assemblies. Accordingly, there is a need for a solution that simplifies the complexity of the capacitor bank components, reduces installation time, and significantly reduces the troubleshooting and maintenance costs associated with the capacitor bank over the life of the capacitor bank. One aspect of the present disclosure provides a switched capacitor bank system including a switched capacitor bank assembly. The switched capacitor bank assembly further includes a first capacitor, a first switch selectively connected between the first capacitor and the first phase line, a first voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first phase line, a second voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first capacitor, a frame arranged to physically support the first capacitor, the first switch, the first voltage sensor, and the second voltage sensor, and a first wireless current sensor attached to the first phase line and configured to sense a current of the first phase line. The switched capacitor bank assembly further includes an electronic controller including an electronic processor operably coupled to the first switch, the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor, the first wireless current sensor. The electronic controller is configured to receive a first voltage signal indicative of a voltage of the first phase line from the first voltage sensor, receive a second voltage signal indicative of a voltage of the first capacitor from the second voltage sensor, receive a first current signal indicative of a current of the first phase line from the first wireless current sensor, and determine a first phase shift calculation for the voltage of the first phase line based on the first current signal. The electronic controller is further configured to determine when the voltage of the first phase line is at a zero position and close the first switch when the voltage of the first phase line is at a zero position by comparing the first voltage signal, the second voltage signal, and the first phase shift. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a system for controlling a switched capacitor bank. The switched capacitor bank system includes a switched capacitor bank assembly having a first capacitor, a first switch selectively connected between the first capacitor and a first phase line, a first voltage sensor integrated within a housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first phase line, a second voltage sensor integrated within the housing of the first switch and configured to sense a voltage of the first capacitor, and a frame arranged to physically support the first capacitor, the first switch, the first voltage sensor, and the second voltage sensor. The switched capacitor bank system also includes a first wireless current sensor attached to the first phase line and configured to sense a current of the first phase line and an electronic controller including an electronic processor operably coupled to the first switch, the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor, the first wireless current sensor