CN-122029717-A - System and method for providing black start of grid formed inverter-based resources

Abstract

A method of black-starting a farm includes selecting a first plurality of active inverter-based resources at the farm capable of facilitating black-starting. The method further includes synchronously ramping up the voltage of each active inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize the main transformer of the farm such that the active inverter-based resources of the first plurality share the energizing current of the main transformer. Upon energizing the main transformer, the method includes subsequently energizing remaining inverter-based resources at the farm.

Inventors

• A. Korwoka
• R. ROY

Assignees

• 通用电气维诺瓦可再生能源西班牙有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20231009

Claims (20)

1. 1. A method of black-starting a power plant, the method comprising: Selecting a first plurality of active inverter-based resources at the farm capable of facilitating a black start; synchronously ramping up a voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize a main transformer of the farm such that the first plurality of active inverter-based resources share an energization current of the main transformer, and Upon energizing the main transformer, remaining inverter-based resources at the farm are then energized.
2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein synchronizing ramping up the voltage of each active inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize the main transformer further comprises utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) synchronization.
3. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the GPS synchronization comprises: Providing a GPS synchronization timer for each active inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources; Implementing time synchronization of inverter-based resources for each of the first plurality of activities, and A synchronous ramping of the voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources is initiated by specifying a time at which the ramping of the voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources should begin, via a field level controller.
4. 4. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein synchronously ramping up the voltage of each active inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize the main transformer further comprises utilizing primary-secondary synchronization.
5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the primary-secondary synchronization further comprises: selecting an inverter-based resource of a primary activity of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to begin ramping up the voltage, and The voltage is ramped to a ramped voltage using the primary active inverter-based resource and one or more remaining secondary inverter-based resources of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources are provided to synchronize with the ramped voltage.
6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the remaining secondary inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources modulates its output voltage to ensure that the output voltage ramps at the same rate as the ramp voltage of the primary active inverter-based resource.
7. 7. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising synchronously ramping up the voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources using one or more converters of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize the main transformer.
8. 8. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the first plurality of active inverter-based resources and the remaining inverter-based resources are wind turbines.
9. 9. A system for black start of a power plant, the system comprising: a main transformer; an inverter-based resource capable of facilitating a black start of a first plurality of activities; a second plurality of inactive inverter-based resources, and A field level controller comprising at least one processor configured to perform a plurality of operations comprising: synchronously ramping up a voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize the main transformer such that the first plurality of active inverter-based resources share an energization current of the main transformer, and Upon energizing the main transformer, the second plurality of inactive inverter-based resources is then energized.
10. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein synchronizing ramping up the voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize the main transformer further comprises utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) synchronization.
11. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the GPS synchronization comprises: Providing a GPS synchronization timer for each active inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources; Implementing time synchronization of each active inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources; a synchronized ramping of the voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources is initiated by specifying a time at which the ramping of the voltage of each of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources should begin.
12. 12. The system of any of claims 9-11, wherein synchronously ramping up the voltage of each active inverter-based resource of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to energize the main transformer further comprises utilizing primary-secondary synchronization.
13. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the primary-secondary synchronization further comprises: selecting an inverter-based resource of a primary activity of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources to begin ramping up the voltage, and The voltage is ramped to a ramped voltage using the primary active inverter-based resource and remaining secondary inverter-based resources of the first plurality of active inverter-based resources are provided to synchronize with the ramped voltage.
14. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of second inactive inverter-based resources modulate their output voltage to ensure that the output voltage ramps at the same rate as the ramp voltage of the primary active inverter-based resource.
15. 15. The system of any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the plurality of operations further comprises: The voltage of each of the plurality of first active inverter-based resources is ramped up synchronously to energize the main transformer using one or more converters of each of the plurality of first active inverter-based resources.
16. 16. The system of any of claims 9 to 15, wherein the plurality of first active inverter-based resources and the remaining inverter-based resources are wind turbines.
17. 17. A wind farm, comprising: a main transformer; A plurality of wind turbines including a first plurality of active wind turbines and a second plurality of inactive wind turbines capable of facilitating black start, and A field level controller comprising at least one processor configured to perform a plurality of operations comprising: The method includes synchronizing ramping up a voltage of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines to energize the main transformer such that the first plurality of active wind turbines share an energizing current of the main transformer, and subsequently energizing the second plurality of inactive wind turbines when the main transformer is energized.
18. 18. The wind farm of claim 17, wherein synchronizing ramping up the voltage of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines to energize the main transformer further comprises utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) synchronization, wherein the GPS synchronization comprises: Providing a GPS synchronization timer for each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines; Achieving time synchronization of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines; A synchronized ramp of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines is initiated by specifying a time at which a ramp of the voltage of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines should begin.
19. 19. The wind farm of claim 17 or 18, wherein synchronizing ramping up the voltage of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines to energize the main transformer further comprises utilizing a primary-secondary synchronization, wherein the primary-secondary synchronization further comprises: selecting a primary active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines to begin ramping up the voltage, and The method further includes ramping, using the primary active wind turbines, a voltage to a ramped voltage, and synchronizing remaining secondary wind turbines of the first plurality of active wind turbines with the ramped voltage.
20. 20. The wind farm of any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the plurality of operations further comprises: The voltage of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines is ramped up synchronously using one or more converters of each active wind turbine of the first plurality of active wind turbines to energize the main transformer.

Description

System and method for providing black start of grid formed inverter-based resources Technical Field The present disclosure relates generally to inverter-based resources and, more particularly, to a system and method for providing black start of grid-formed inverter-based resources. Background Wind power is considered one of the cleanest, most environmentally friendly energy sources presently available, and wind turbines have gained increased attention in this regard. Modern wind turbines typically include a tower, a generator, a gearbox, a nacelle, and one or more rotor blades. The rotor blades capture kinetic energy of wind using known airfoil principles. For example, rotor blades typically have an airfoil-shaped cross-sectional profile such that, during operation, air flows over the blade creating a pressure differential between the two sides. Thus, a lift force directed from the pressure side to the suction side acts on the blade. The lift force generates torque on a main rotor shaft that is typically engaged with a generator for generating electrical power. Wind turbines can be divided into two types, fixed speed turbines and variable speed turbines. Traditionally, variable speed wind turbines are controlled as current sources connected to a power grid. In other words, variable speed wind turbines rely on the grid frequency detected by a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) as a reference and inject a specified amount of current into the grid. Conventional current source control of wind turbines is based on the assumption that the grid voltage waveform is a base voltage waveform with a fixed frequency and amplitude, and that the penetration of wind power into the grid is low enough so as not to interfere with the grid voltage amplitude and frequency. Thus, the wind turbine simply injects a specified current into the grid based on the base voltage waveform. However, with the rapid increase in wind power, penetration of wind power into some electrical grids has increased to the point where wind turbine generators have a significant impact on grid voltage and frequency. When a wind turbine is located in a weak grid, wind turbine power fluctuations may result in an increase in the amplitude and frequency variations of the grid voltage. These fluctuations may adversely affect the performance and stability of the PLL and the wind turbine current control and adversely affect the performance of the load connected to the network. Furthermore, many existing renewable power generation converters, such as doubly fed wind turbine generators, operate in a "grid following" mode. The grid-following device utilizes a fast current regulation loop to control the active and reactive power exchanged with the grid. More specifically, fig. 1 illustrates the basic elements of a main circuit and converter control structure for a grid-following doubly-fed wind turbine generator. As shown, the active power reference to the converter is generated by an energy regulator (e.g., a turbine control portion of a wind turbine). This is transmitted as a torque reference representing the lesser of the maximum available power from the energy source at that moment in time, or a curtailment command from a higher-level grid controller. The converter then controls a current reference that determines the active component of the current to achieve the desired torque. Thus, the doubly fed wind turbine generator comprises the function of managing the voltage and the reactive power in a way that generates commands for reactive components of the current. The wide bandwidth current regulator then generates a command for the voltage to be applied to the system by the converter so that the actual current closely tracks the command. Alternatively, the grid-formed converter provides a voltage source characteristic in which the angle and magnitude of the voltage are controlled to achieve the regulation function required by the grid. With this structure, current will flow according to the needs of the grid, while the converter helps to establish voltage and frequency for the grid. This characteristic can be comparable to a conventional generator based on a turbine driving a synchronous machine. Thus, the grid formation source must include the basic functions of (1) supporting grid voltage and frequency (both real and reactive) for any current flow within the ratings of the device, (2) preventing operation beyond the device voltage or current capability by allowing the grid voltage or frequency to change rather than disconnecting the device (only when the voltage or frequency is outside the limits established by the grid entity), (3) maintaining stability for any grid configuration or load characteristics, including serving isolated loads or forming source connections with other grids, and switching between such configurations, (4) sharing the total load of the grid among other grid formation sources connected to the grid, (5) traversing both primary and secondary grid d