CN-224226929-U - Plastic depolymerization device

CN224226929UCN 224226929 UCN224226929 UCN 224226929UCN-224226929-U

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of plastic degradation, and provides a plastic depolymerization device which comprises a reaction container, a microwave generating mechanism and an electromagnetic induction generating mechanism, wherein the reaction container is provided with a containing cavity, the containing cavity contains a mixture of plastic to be treated and liquid metal, the microwave generating mechanism emits microwaves with a first preset frequency into the containing cavity, the microwaves enable the liquid metal to generate arc discharge so as to ionize gas in the containing cavity to form plasma, the electromagnetic induction generating mechanism emits an alternating magnetic field with a second preset frequency into the containing cavity, the second preset frequency is smaller than the first preset frequency, and the alternating magnetic field enables the liquid metal in the containing cavity to generate vortex. By the arrangement, the plasma instantaneously damages the molecular structure of the plastic, so that the molecular chain of the plastic is initially broken, the heat generated by the vortex effect is combined with the heat conduction performance of the liquid metal to rapidly and uniformly raise the temperature, the breaking of the molecular chain of the plastic is further promoted, and the depolymerization efficiency and sufficiency of the plastic are greatly improved.

Inventors

GAO JIANYE
DENG ZHONGSHAN
MA WANGJING
ZHAO JUN
LIU JING

Assignees

中国科学院理化技术研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20250521

Claims (10)

1. A plastic depolymerization device, comprising: -a reaction vessel (1) having a containment chamber, the containment chamber of the reaction vessel (1) being adapted to contain a mixture of plastic and liquid metal to be treated; A microwave generating mechanism adapted to emit microwaves of a first preset frequency into the containment chamber of the reaction vessel (1), the microwaves being adapted to arc the liquid metal in the containment chamber of the reaction vessel (1) to ionize the gas in the containment chamber of the reaction vessel (1) into a plasma; The electromagnetic induction generating mechanism is suitable for emitting an alternating magnetic field with a second preset frequency into the accommodating cavity of the reaction container (1), the second preset frequency is smaller than the first preset frequency, and the alternating magnetic field is suitable for enabling the liquid metal in the accommodating cavity of the reaction container (1) to generate eddy current.
2. The plastic depolymerization device of claim 1, wherein the microwave generation mechanism comprises: A microwave generator (2) adapted to generate microwaves of the first preset frequency, the microwave generator (2) being arranged outside the reaction vessel (1); The waveguide transmission assembly (3) is arranged between the microwave generator (2) and the reaction container (1), and the waveguide transmission assembly (3) is suitable for transmitting microwaves generated by the microwave generator (2) to the accommodating chamber of the reaction container (1).
3. The plastic depolymerization device of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic induction generating mechanism comprises: An induction coil (4) which is arranged outside the accommodating chamber of the reaction vessel (1) in a surrounding manner; a power supply electrically connected to the induction coil (4), the power supply being adapted to input an alternating current to the induction coil (4).
4. A plastics depolymerization device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first predetermined frequency is 300 mhz to 300 ghz and the second predetermined frequency is 20 khz to 300 khz.
5. The plastic depolymerization device of claim 1, further comprising: A pretreatment mechanism (5) adapted to pretreat the plastic to be treated, the pretreatment including at least one of crushing, washing and drying.
6. The plastic depolymerization device of claim 1, further comprising: A condensing mechanism (6) connected with the accommodating chamber of the reaction vessel (1), wherein the condensing mechanism (6) is suitable for condensing the condensable gas in the gaseous product output by the accommodating chamber of the reaction vessel (1) into liquid or solid; a gas collection means (8) connected to said condensation means (6), said gas collection means (8) being adapted to collect non-condensable gases in said gaseous product; and a solid-liquid separation mechanism (9) connected with the accommodating chamber of the reaction vessel (1), wherein the solid-liquid separation mechanism (9) is suitable for separating solid substances and liquid substances in non-gaseous substances in the accommodating chamber of the reaction vessel (1).
7. The plastic depolymerization device of claim 6, further comprising: And the liquid metal supply mechanism is connected with the accommodating chamber of the reaction vessel (1) and is suitable for conveying the liquid metal to the accommodating chamber of the reaction vessel (1).
8. The plastic depolymerization device of claim 7, wherein the liquid metal supply mechanism comprises: The spray header (10) is arranged at the inner top of the accommodating cavity of the reaction container (1); A liquid metal storage tank adapted to contain the liquid metal, the liquid metal storage tank being connected to the shower head (10) by a connecting line; the power pump is arranged on the connecting pipeline and is suitable for pumping the liquid metal in the liquid metal storage tank to the spray header (10); the flowmeter is arranged on the connecting pipeline and is suitable for measuring the flow of the liquid metal in the connecting pipeline.
9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a stirring mechanism is provided inside the reaction vessel (1), said stirring mechanism being adapted to stir the mixture of the plastic to be treated and the liquid metal.
10. The plastic depolymerization device of claim 1, further comprising: A temperature detection element (11) provided to the reaction vessel (1), the temperature detection element (11) being adapted to detect a temperature within a housing chamber of the reaction vessel (1); A pressure detection element (12) provided to the reaction vessel (1), the pressure detection element (12) being adapted to detect a pressure within a receiving chamber of the reaction vessel (1); The controller (7), temperature detecting element (11), pressure detecting element (12), microwave generating mechanism and electromagnetic induction generating mechanism all with controller (7) electricity is connected, controller (7) are suitable for according to temperature and the pressure in the holding chamber of reaction vessel (1) control microwave generating mechanism with electromagnetic induction generating mechanism's operation.

Description

Plastic depolymerization device Technical Field The utility model relates to the technical field of plastic degradation, in particular to a plastic depolymerization device. Background With the development of global economy and the improvement of living standard of people, the consumption of plastic products is gradually increased year by year. However, due to the difficult degradation properties of plastics, serious environmental pollution problems, especially marine plastics, are caused. Traditional plastic waste disposal methods mainly comprise landfill and incineration. Not only does the landfill process occupy a significant amount of land resources, it can also lead to soil and groundwater contamination. Although the incineration treatment can reduce the volume, harmful gases such as dioxin and the like are generated. At present, pyrolysis technology is used as a more advanced treatment mode of waste plastics, and is realized by heating and decomposing plastics into smaller molecular substances in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment, and mainly by controlling conditions such as temperature, pressure, reaction time and the like. In the related art, when waste plastics are heated, a heat source having a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the waste plastics needs to be provided, and the waste plastics are pyrolyzed by increasing the temperature after absorbing the heat. There are problems of low energy utilization rate and low pyrolysis efficiency. And the waste plastic is poor in heat conductivity, uneven in local heating and insufficient in pyrolysis. Therefore, how to solve the problems of low pyrolysis efficiency and insufficient pyrolysis existing in the pyrolysis of waste plastics in the related art is an important technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Disclosure of utility model The utility model provides a plastic depolymerization device which is used for solving the defects of low pyrolysis efficiency and insufficient pyrolysis in the pyrolysis of waste gas plastics in the related technology. The utility model provides a plastic depolymerization device, comprising: A reaction vessel having a containment chamber adapted to contain a mixture of plastic and liquid metal to be treated; A microwave generating mechanism adapted to emit microwaves of a first preset frequency into the containment chamber of the reaction vessel, the microwaves being adapted to arc the liquid metal in the containment chamber of the reaction vessel to ionize the gas in the containment chamber of the reaction vessel to form a plasma; the electromagnetic induction generating mechanism is suitable for emitting an alternating magnetic field with a second preset frequency into the accommodating cavity of the reaction container, the second preset frequency is smaller than the first preset frequency, and the alternating magnetic field is suitable for enabling the liquid metal in the accommodating cavity of the reaction container to generate eddy currents. According to the utility model, the microwave generating mechanism comprises: A microwave generator adapted to generate microwaves of the first preset frequency, the microwave generator being disposed outside the reaction vessel; The waveguide transmission assembly is arranged between the microwave generator and the reaction container and is suitable for transmitting microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the accommodating chamber of the reaction container. According to the utility model, the electromagnetic induction generating mechanism comprises: an induction coil which is arranged outside the accommodating chamber of the reaction container in a surrounding manner; a power supply electrically connected to the induction coil, the power supply being adapted to input an alternating current to the induction coil. According to the plastic depolymerization device provided by the utility model, the first preset frequency is 300 MHz-300 GHz, and the second preset frequency is 20 kHz-300 kHz. According to the utility model, the plastic depolymerization device further comprises: a pretreatment mechanism adapted to pretreat the plastic to be treated, the pretreatment including at least one of crushing, washing, and drying. According to the utility model, the plastic depolymerization device further comprises: a condensing mechanism connected with the accommodating chamber of the reaction container, wherein the condensing mechanism is suitable for condensing condensable gas in gaseous products output by the accommodating chamber of the reaction container into liquid or solid; A gas collection means connected to the condensing means, the gas collection means being adapted to collect non-condensable gases in the gaseous product; And the solid-liquid separation mechanism is connected with the accommodating chamber of the reaction container and is suitable for separating solid substances and liquid substances in non-gaseous substances in the