CN-224226948-U - Biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust

Abstract

The utility model relates to a biomass pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust, which comprises a non-contact type unidirectional sealing smoke collection system and a rotary pyrolysis furnace, wherein the non-contact type unidirectional sealing smoke collection system comprises an air exhaust pipeline and an exhaust fan arranged on the air exhaust pipeline, an air inlet of the air exhaust pipeline is positioned above the unidirectional air outlet obliquely, the air inlet of the air exhaust pipeline is positioned at one side of the unidirectional air outlet far away from the rotary pyrolysis furnace along the smoke flow direction, a gas-solid separation area is formed between the air inlet of the air exhaust pipeline and the unidirectional air outlet, and under the action of the exhaust fan, the air of the smoke gas and the gas-solid separation area exhausted by the rotary pyrolysis furnace enters the air exhaust pipeline, and the smoke exhausted by the rotary pyrolysis furnace is cooled by the air. The oxygen backflow is prevented by utilizing the self-generated positive pressure in the furnace and the non-contact gas collecting system, so that the problem of spontaneous combustion of products caused by oxygen infiltration in the biomass low-temperature pyrolysis process is effectively solved.

Inventors

• Yan Keshuang
• LI YAN
• SONG XUEJIAO

Assignees

• 山东农业大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20250514

Claims (9)

1. 1. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke discharge is characterized by comprising a non-contact type unidirectional sealing smoke collection system and a rotary pyrolysis furnace (1) provided with a heating device, wherein one end of the rotary pyrolysis furnace (1) is provided with a sealing feed inlet (23), and the other end of the rotary pyrolysis furnace (1) is provided with a unidirectional air outlet (3); The non-contact type unidirectional sealing flue gas collection system comprises an air suction pipeline (4) and an exhaust fan (8) arranged on the air suction pipeline, wherein an air inlet of the air suction pipeline is positioned above the unidirectional air outlet obliquely, and is positioned on one side of the unidirectional air outlet far away from the rotary pyrolysis furnace along the flue gas flowing direction, and a gas-solid separation area is formed between the air inlet of the air suction pipeline and the unidirectional air outlet.
2. 2. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust according to claim 1, wherein the sealed feeding port (23) comprises a furnace door (21) detachably fixedly connected with the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and a graphite packing (20) arranged between the furnace door (21) and the rotary pyrolysis furnace.
3. 3. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust as claimed in claim 2, wherein the furnace door is provided with a water injection port (17), and a sealing plug is detachably arranged in the water injection port (17).
4. 4. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air exhaust pipeline is further provided with a dust remover (5), and the dust remover (5) is positioned on the upstream side of the exhaust fan (8) along the air flow direction.
5. 5. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the unidirectional air outlet is coincident with the rotation axis of the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and the length of the unidirectional air outlet extending out of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is 10 cm-15 cm.
6. 6. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the air inlet of the air exhaust pipeline and the unidirectional air outlet is 15 cm-20 cm.
7. 7. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating device comprises a heat preservation shell (18) circumferentially coated on the rotary pyrolysis furnace and an electric heating sleeve (2) arranged in the heat preservation shell, and a thermocouple (13) is arranged between the electric heating sleeve (2) and the furnace wall of the rotary pyrolysis furnace.
8. 8. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust as claimed in claim 1, wherein a probe rod extending into the rotary pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the unidirectional air outlet in a penetrating manner, and a temperature sensing head (12) is arranged at one end of the probe rod extending into the rotary pyrolysis furnace.
9. 9. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust according to claim 1, wherein the air outlet of the air exhaust pipeline is communicated with a smoke collecting tower (9), a water spraying system is arranged in the smoke collecting tower (9), the bottom of the smoke collecting tower is connected with a filtering system through a drain pipe, an exhaust hole is formed in the top of the smoke collecting tower, and a gas detection probe (10) is arranged at the exhaust hole.

Description

Biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust Technical Field The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis treatment, in particular to accurate control pyrolysis at low temperature in biomass and efficient collection of pyrolysis products, and particularly relates to a biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke discharge. Background The rotary pyrolysis equipment is widely applied to the field of drying and biomass pyrolysis, and when biomass is pyrolyzed, biomass loaded into the pyrolysis equipment is pyrolyzed by heating the pyrolysis equipment and rotating the pyrolysis equipment. At present, the main stream biomass pyrolysis aims at carbonizing biomass to obtain biochar, pyrolysis gas, tar and the like, and the pyrolysis process is high-temperature pyrolysis. Because biomass is pyrolyzed at a medium and low temperature of 180-250 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment, if air or oxygen is mixed in the middle and low temperature pyrolysis process, spontaneous combustion is easily initiated, so that the difficulty of the middle and low temperature pyrolysis is high, and no equipment for collecting flue gas generated in the middle and low temperature pyrolysis process exists at present. And when the flue gas generated in the pyrolysis process is collected, the subsequent flue gas treatment system works in a high-temperature environment due to the higher temperature of the flue gas, so that the service life of the equipment is not prolonged. Disclosure of utility model Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke discharge, which not only avoids external gas from entering a furnace in the pyrolysis process, but also reduces the temperature of smoke entering smoke treatment equipment. The biomass low-temperature pyrolysis system based on positive pressure smoke exhaust comprises a non-contact type unidirectional sealing smoke collection system and a rotary pyrolysis furnace provided with a heating device, wherein one end of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is provided with a sealing feed port, the other end of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is provided with a unidirectional air outlet, the non-contact type unidirectional sealing smoke collection system comprises an air exhaust pipeline and an exhaust fan arranged on the air exhaust pipeline, an air inlet of the air exhaust pipeline is positioned above the unidirectional air outlet obliquely, an air inlet of the air exhaust pipeline is positioned on one side, far away from the rotary pyrolysis furnace, of the unidirectional air outlet along the smoke flow direction, a gas-solid separation area is formed between the air inlet of the air exhaust pipeline and the unidirectional air outlet, and under the action of the exhaust fan, air in the gas-solid separation area of the smoke exhausted by the rotary pyrolysis furnace enters the air exhaust pipeline to cool smoke exhausted by the rotary pyrolysis furnace. This scheme is through setting up the gyration pyrolysis oven into one end sealedly, the other end sets up the structure of one-way gas outlet for pyrolysis in-process stove is the malleation state, and gas only is discharged outside by the stove in to the stove, has avoided outside oxygen-containing gas to get into in the stove and lead to spontaneous combustion, and the one-way sealed flue gas collecting system of non-contact utilizes the differential pressure that the air exhauster suction produced, makes pyrolysis stove exhaust flue gas get into the pipeline of bleeding, has further avoided oxygen-containing gas to get into in the stove, utilizes the air that gets into the pipeline of bleeding to cool down to the flue gas simultaneously, and the large granule dust that carries in the flue gas drops in gas-solid separation district. As optimization, the sealed feed port comprises a furnace door detachably and fixedly connected with the rotary pyrolysis furnace and a graphite packing arranged between the furnace door and the rotary pyrolysis furnace. The sealed feed inlet of this optimization scheme can be opened, conveniently feeds, and the furnace gate is closed the back, seals through graphite packing, has guaranteed sealed effect. As optimization, the furnace door is provided with a water filling port, and a sealing plug is detachably arranged in the water filling port. This optimizing scheme is through setting up the water filling port, conveniently to the water injection in the gyration pyrolysis oven after pyrolysis ends to the living beings in the furnace body are cooled down rapidly, prevent to open the spontaneous combustion behind the furnace gate. As optimization, still install the dust remover on the bleed pipeline, and along the air current direction, the dust remover is located the upstream side of air exhauster. This optimizing scheme removes dust to the flue gas thro