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DE-102024132634-A1 - Power system, particularly in the form of a wind farm

DE102024132634A1DE 102024132634 A1DE102024132634 A1DE 102024132634A1DE-102024132634-A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a power system (100, 300, 500) comprising at least one power device (102, 302, 502), comprising at least one power generator and/or at least one power consumer and/or at least one power transformer, at least one electrical network connection (114, 314, 514) configured to connect the at least one power device (102, 302, 502) to an electrical network (116, 316, 516), at least one network connection monitoring device (112, 512) configured to detect a network connection anomaly of a network connection to the electrical network (116, 316, 516) based on at least one provided electrical parameter of the electrical network (116, 316, 516) and/or the electrical network connection (114, 314, 514), at least one perturbation generating device (120, 520), configured to generate at least one predefined electrical perturbation during a perturbation period upon detection of the grid connection anomaly, at least one measuring device (118, 518) configured to measure at least one electrical perturbation parameter during the perturbation period, and at least one state determination device (122, 322, 522) configured to determine the state of the grid connection based on the at least one measured electrical perturbation parameter.

Inventors

  • Ali Bidadfar
  • Jörn Runge

Assignees

  • RWE OFFSHORE WIND GMBH

Dates

Publication Date
20260513
Application Date
20241108

Claims (18)

  1. Power system (100, 300, 500), comprising: - at least one power device (102, 302, 502), comprising at least one power generator and/or at least one power consumer and/or at least one power transformer, - at least one electrical grid connection (114, 314, 514), configured to connect the at least one power device (102, 302, 502) to an electrical grid (116, 316, 516), - at least one grid connection monitoring device (112, 512), configured to detect a grid connection anomaly of a grid connection to the electrical grid (116, 316, 516), based on at least one provided electrical parameter of the electrical grid (116, 316, 516) and/or the electrical grid connection (114, 314, 514), - at least one perturbation generating device (120, 520), configured to generate at least one predefined electrical perturbation during a perturbation period upon detection of the grid connection anomaly, - at least one measuring device (118, 518), configured to measure at least one electrical perturbation parameter during the perturbation period, and - at least one state determination device (122, 322, 522), configured to determine the state of the grid connection based on the at least one measured electrical perturbation parameter.
  2. Performance system (100, 300, 500) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that - the predefined electrical perturbation is a predefined change in power of a power fed into the electrical network (116, 316, 516) by the at least one power generator during the perturbation period, - wherein, in particular, the predefined change in power is at least greater than 0.01% of the power fed into the electrical network (116, 316, 516) by the at least one power generator during the non-perturbation period, and/or - the predefined electrical perturbation is a predefined change in power of a power drawn from the electrical network (116, 316, 516) by the at least one power consumer during the perturbation period, - wherein, in particular, the predefined change in power is at least greater than 0.01% of the power drawn from the electrical network (116, 316, 516) by the at least one power consumer during the non-perturbation period, and/or - the predefined electrical perturbation is a predefined change in power of a power transmitted by the at least one power transformer during the perturbation period, - wherein in particular the predefined change in power is at least greater than 0.01% of the power transmitted by the at least one power transformer during the non-perturbation period.
  3. Performance system (100, 300, 500) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that - the state determination device (122, 322, 522) is configured to determine the state of the network connection by determining a network impedance of the electrical network (116, 316, 516) and/or a short-circuit ratio of the network connection.
  4. Power system (100, 300, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the state determination device (122, 322, 522) is configured to determine, as the state of the grid connection, at least one strong grid connection state and one weak grid connection state, based on the at least one measured electrical perturbation parameter and a predefined state criterion.
  5. Power system (100, 300, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power system (100, 300, 500) comprises: - at least one control device (330, 530), configured to control the power system (100, 300, 500) based on the determined state of the network connection.
  6. Power system (100, 300, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the control device (330, 530) is configured to control the at least one power device (102, 302, 502) based on the determined state of the network connection.
  7. Performance system according to Claim 4 and 6 , characterized in that - the control device (330, 530) is configured to reduce power consumption by the at least one power consumer, based on a specific weak grid connection state, and/or - the control device (330, 530) is configured to reduce power input by the at least one power generator, based on a specific weak grid connection state.
  8. Power system (100, 300, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power system (100, 300, 500) comprises: - at least one inverter arrangement (332, 532) with at least one inverter (334, 534), - wherein the inverter arrangement (332, 532) is operable in at least a grid-following operating mode and a grid-forming operating mode, and - at least one control device (330, 530), configured to control the inverter arrangement (332, 532) based on the determined state of the grid connection.
  9. Performance system (100, 300, 500) according to Claim 4 and 8 , characterized in that - the control device (330, 530) is configured to set the inverter arrangement (332, 532) into the grid-forming operating mode, based on a certain weak grid connection state of the grid connection, and/or - the control device (330, 530) is configured to set the inverter arrangement (332, 532) into the grid-following operating mode, based on a certain strong grid connection state of the grid connection.
  10. Power system (100, 300, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the control device (330, 530) is configured to activate at least one rotating phase shifter (542) and/or at least one Statcom device (544), based on a certain weak network connection state of the network connection, and/or - the control device (330, 530) is configured to deactivate at least one rotating phase shifter (542) and/or at least one Statcom device (544), based on a certain strong network connection state of the network connection.
  11. Power system (100, 300, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device (118, 518) comprises a phasor measuring device.
  12. Power system (100, 300, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the power system (100, 300, 500) is a wind farm and/or a photovoltaic park and/or a hydrogen production system.
  13. A method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for operating a power system, especially according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one power device (102, 302, 502), comprising at least one power generator and/or at least one power consumer and/or at least one power transformer, wherein the power system is connected to an electrical network (116, 316, 516) via at least one electrical network connection (114, 314, 514), the method comprising: - Detecting a network connection anomaly of the network connection to the electrical network, based on at least one provided electrical parameter of the electrical network (116, 316, 516) and/or the electrical network connection (114, 314, 514), - Generating at least one predefined electrical perturbation during a perturbation period upon detection of the network connection anomaly, - Measuring at least one electrical perturbation parameter during the perturbation period, and - Determining the state of the grid connection, based on at least one measured electrical perturbation parameter.
  14. Data processing device (106, 306, 506), configured for the execution and/or control of the procedure according to Claim 13 or comprehensively the respective means for carrying out and/or controlling the steps of the procedure according to Claim 13 .
  15. Power system (100, 300, 500), comprising: - at least one power device (102, 302, 502), comprising at least one power generator and/or at least one power consumer and/or at least one power transformer, - at least one electrical grid connection (114, 314, 514), configured to connect the at least one power device (102, 302, 502) to an electrical grid (116, 316, 516), - at least one state determination device (122, 322, 522), configured to determine a state of a grid connection of the power system (100, 300, 500), - at least one inverter arrangement (332, 532) with at least one inverter (334, 534), - wherein the inverter arrangement (332, 532) is capable of operating in at least one grid-following mode and one grid-forming mode is operational, and - at least one control device (330, 530) configured to control the inverter arrangement (332, 532) based on the determined state of the grid connection.
  16. Performance system (100, 300, 500) according to Claim 15 , characterized in that - at least one requirement for fault transmission in an inverter arrangement in the grid-forming operating mode is modifiable, such that the prioritization of an active power component and/or reactive power component of a fault current feed-in from the inverter arrangement is cancelled.
  17. Method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for operating a power system, especially according to Claim 15 , with at least one power device (102, 302, 502), comprising at least one power generator and/or at least one power consumer and/or at least one power transformer, wherein the power system is connected to an electrical network (116, 316, 516) via at least one electrical network connection (114, 314, 514), wherein the power system comprises at least one inverter arrangement (332, 532) with at least one inverter (334, 534), wherein the inverter arrangement (332, 532) is operable in at least a grid-following operating mode and a grid-forming operating mode, the method comprising: - determining a state of a grid connection of the power system (100, 300, 500), - controlling the inverter arrangement (332, 532), based on the determined state of the grid connection.
  18. Data processing device (106, 306, 506), configured for the execution and/or control of the procedure according to Claim 17 or comprehensively the respective means for carrying out and/or controlling the steps of the procedure according to Claim 17 .

Description

The invention relates to power systems comprising at least one power device, comprising at least one power generator and/or at least one power consumer and/or one power transmitter. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for the power systems and data processing devices for executing the (computer-implemented) methods. High-power systems with at least one power generator and/or at least one power consumer are known from the prior art. The power system can be an energy generation system designed to generate electrical energy based on a renewable energy source. For example, the energy generation system can be a wind farm and/or a photovoltaic park. A wind farm, especially an offshore wind farm, comprises multiple wind turbines and, in particular, at least one substation or converter station (e.g., offshore substation and/or onshore substation). A power system with a power consumer can be, for example, an electrolyzer plant, but also any other type of consumer. A power system is characterized by the fact that it includes an electrical grid connection. This electrical grid connection is established to electrically connect or couple the power system (or the at least one power generator and/or power consumer of the power system) to an electrical grid. In particular, the electrical grid connection is established to feed in electrical power generated by the power system and/or to receive or draw electrical power from the power system. A constant concern in the state of the art is the safe and, in particular, stable operation of a power system. However, such operation depends on the condition of the connected grid and the condition of the power system's electrical grid connection. Specifically, operation depends on the condition of the grid connection and the strength (referring especially to short-circuit power, inertia, and/or internal impedance) of the grid to which the power system is connected. In particular, the weaker the grid connection, the less stable the operation of the power system, and consequently, the less stable the operation of the electrical grid. A weak grid connection or a weak grid exists, for example, when a transmission line within the electrical grid or a power generator or generating unit of the electrical grid, such as a conventional power plant (e.g. nuclear power plant, coal-fired power plant, gas-fired power plant, etc.), fails within the electrical grid and is replaced by a power plant based on renewable sources which includes state-of-the-art voltage regulation. The problem of such a weak grid connection is further exacerbated by a power system electrically connected to the grid in the form of an energy generation system based on a renewable energy source. From the printed text US 11 619 206 B2 To reduce the described disadvantages of the state of the art, an energy generation system in the form of a wind farm is known. US 11 619 206 B2 This paper proposes a method specifically for a wind farm in which a power value (referring in particular to the short-circuit power value, inertia value, and/or internal impedance value) of the electrical grid or the state of the grid connection of the energy generation system is calculated in real time. The calculation is based on two sets of electrical parameter measurements taken at the electrical grid connection or the grid connection point. Based on these measurement data sets, a grid model can be generated and the instantaneous power value of the grid connection calculated. The US 11 619 206 B2 It also reveals that the power output of the wind farm to the electrical grid is controlled via the electrical grid connection, in particular based on the calculated instantaneous strength value of the grid connection. Disadvantage of the performance system of US 11 619 206 B2 However, the problem is that a weak grid connection cannot be identified or detected with sufficient reliability. This, in turn, can lead to faulty control of the wind farm, which is based on an inaccurately determined grid connection strength value. In particular, an inaccurate strength value (relative to the actual strength of the electrical grid) can lead to incorrect control decisions. Furthermore, the use of rotating phase shifters (also known as "synchronous condensers") is known from the prior art. For example, the power system can be designed, particularly in the form of one based on renewable energy. A source-based energy generation system must include at least one rotating phase shifter, as well as the electrical grid. Besides the disadvantage of high costs for such a power system with a continuously operating rotating phase shifter, the high electrical losses associated with this continuous operation are also a drawback. The same applies to a so-called Statcom (Static Synchronous Compensator) device, which can be located at the electrical network connection and/or distributed throughout the electrical network and can also be in continuous operation. This, too, is a