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DE-102024133128-A1 - Electric machine, vehicle and process

DE102024133128A1DE 102024133128 A1DE102024133128 A1DE 102024133128A1DE-102024133128-A1

Abstract

An electric machine (20) comprises a rotor assembly (50), a stator assembly (30), and a current supply assembly (23), wherein the stator assembly (30) comprises a stator core (40), a first winding assembly (41), and a second winding assembly (42), wherein the first winding assembly (41) comprises first windings (31-38; 131-135), wherein the second winding assembly (42) comprises at least one second winding (39), wherein the rotor assembly (50) comprises a rotor core (52) and rotor poles (61-68) with permanent magnets (71), wherein the current supply assembly (23) is configured to energize the first winding assembly (41) in a first operating state (Z1) and thereby produce a torque on the rotor assembly (50), and wherein the current supply assembly (23) is configured to energize the second winding assembly (42) in a second operating state (Z2). to energize the winding arrangement (42) and thereby change the magnetization of the permanent magnets (71) of at least one rotor pole (61-68).

Inventors

  • Raphael Oestreicher
  • Thomas Hubert

Assignees

  • DR. ING. H.C. F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Dates

Publication Date
20260513
Application Date
20241113

Claims (16)

  1. An electric machine (20) comprising a rotor assembly (50), a stator assembly (30), and a current supply assembly (23), wherein the stator assembly (30) comprises a stator core (40), a first winding assembly (41), and a second winding assembly (42), wherein the first winding assembly (41) comprises first windings (31-38; 131-135), whereby the second winding assembly (42) comprises at least one second winding (39), whereby the rotor assembly (50) comprises a rotor core (52) and rotor poles (61-68) with permanent magnets (71), whereby the current supply assembly (23) is configured to energize the first winding assembly (41) in a first operating state (Z1) and thereby produce a torque on the rotor assembly (50), whereby the current supply assembly (23) is configured to energize the first winding assembly (41) in a second operating state (Z1). (Z2) to energize the second winding arrangement (42) and thereby change the magnetization of the permanent magnets (71) of at least one rotor pole (61-68).
  2. Electric machine (20) according to Claim 1 , in which the stator core (40) has slots (44), wherein the first windings (31-38; 131-135) extend through the slots (44).
  3. Electric machine (20) according to Claim 2 , in which the at least one second winding (39) extends through at least a part of the slots (44).
  4. Electric machine (20) according to Claim 3 , in which at least one of the first windings (31-38; 131-135) and at least one second winding (39) extend through at least a part of the slots (44).
  5. Electric machine (20) according to Claim 3 or 4 , wherein the slots (44) comprise first slots (44A) and second slots (44B), wherein at least one first winding (31-38; 131-135) but no second winding (39) passes through the first slots (44A), wherein at least one first winding (31-38; 131-135) and at least one second winding (39) pass through the second slots (44B), wherein the first slots (44A) are at least partially smaller than the second slots (44B).
  6. Electric machine (20) according to Claim 3 , in which through-openings (46) are provided in the stator core through which the second winding arrangement (42) extends, wherein the through-openings are spaced apart from the slots (44).
  7. Electric machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the permanent magnets (71) comprise at least one magnetic material from a group of magnetic materials consisting of: - aluminum-nickel-cobalt, and - iron-nitride.
  8. An electric machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the permanent magnets (71) comprise at least one magnetic material with a magnetic coercive field strength which is less than at least one limiting coercive field strength from a group consisting of: - 400,000 A/m, - 300,000 A/m, - 250,000 A/m, - 200,000 A/m, - 150,000 A/m, and - 100,000 A/m.
  9. Electrical machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims, which has a rotor position sensor (24) for generating a first signal (SIG1) characterizing the rotor position of the rotor arrangement (50), wherein the current supply arrangement (23) is configured to carry out the current supply depending on the first signal (SIG1) both in the first operating state (Z1) and in the second operating state (Z2).
  10. An electric machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the current supply arrangement (23) is configured to enable a first rotor state (R1) and a second rotor state (R2) in the second operating state (Z2) by remagnetizing at least a portion of the permanent magnets (71), whereby in the first rotor state (R1) each of the rotor poles (61-68) is magnetized opposite to its neighboring rotor poles (61-68) and the rotor arrangement (50) thereby has a first number of poles, and wherein in the second rotor state (R2) two neighboring rotor poles (61-68) are alternately magnetized in a first direction and two neighboring rotor poles (61-68) are magnetized in a second direction opposite to the first direction and the rotor arrangement (50) thereby has a second number of poles, whereby the first number of poles is twice as large as the second number of poles.
  11. Electric machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the current supply arrangement (23) is configured to demagnetize in the second operating state (Z2). to enable at least part of the permanent magnets (71) to have a third rotor state (R3), wherein in the third rotor state (R3) at least part of the permanent magnets (71) is demagnetized.
  12. Vehicle (10) comprising an electric machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims.
  13. Method for operating an electric machine (20), wherein the electric machine (20) comprises a rotor assembly (50), a stator assembly (30), and a current-energizing assembly (23), the stator assembly (30) comprising a stator core (40), a first winding assembly (41), and a second winding assembly (42), wherein the first winding assembly (41) comprises first windings (31-38; 131-135), the second winding assembly (42) comprising at least one second winding (39), the rotor assembly (50) comprising a rotor core (52) and rotor poles (61-68) with permanent magnets (71), the method comprising the following steps: A) in a first operating state (Z1), the first winding assembly (41) is energized by the current-energizing assembly (23), thereby producing a torque on the rotor assembly (50), B) In a second operating state (Z2) the second winding arrangement (42) is energized, thereby changing the magnetization of at least one permanent magnet (71) of at least one rotor pole (61-68).
  14. Procedure according to Claim 13 , which comprises the following steps: C) in the second operating state (Z2) by remagnetizing at least a part of the permanent magnets (71) selectively brings about either a first rotor state (R1) or a second rotor state (R2), wherein in the first rotor state (R1) each of the rotor poles (61-68) is magnetized opposite to its neighboring rotor poles (61-68) and the rotor arrangement (50) thereby has a first number of poles, and wherein in the second rotor state (R2) two neighboring rotor poles (61-68) are alternately magnetized in a first direction and two neighboring rotor poles (61-68) are magnetized in a second direction opposite to the first direction and the rotor arrangement (50) thereby has a second number of poles, wherein the first number of poles is twice as large as the second number of poles.
  15. Procedure according to Claim 13 or 14 , which includes the following step: D) in the second operating state (Z2) a third rotor state (R3) is brought about by demagnetizing at least a part of the permanent magnets (71), wherein in the third rotor state (R3) at least a part of the permanent magnets (71) is demagnetized.
  16. Procedure according to one of the Claims 13 until 15 , in which in step B) the magnetization of exactly one rotor pole (61-68) is changed by a single current being applied to the second winding arrangement (42).

Description

The invention relates to an electric machine, a vehicle and a method for operating an electric machine. The DE 10 2006 006 824 A1 shows a permanent magnet synchronous machine with a stator and demagnetizable permanent magnets. The DE 10 2021 126 020 A1 shows a control system for magnetizing or demagnetizing variable magnets in electrical machines. The CN 112 910 130 B shows a rotor motor with a variable flux storage of the magnetic pole modulation type. The CN 108 631 463 B shows a permanent magnet motor with multi-sided excitation. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a new electric machine, a new vehicle and a new method for operating an electric machine. This problem is solved by the subject matter of claim 1 and the dependent claims. An electric machine comprises a rotor assembly, a stator assembly, and a current-supply arrangement, wherein the stator assembly includes a stator core, a first winding assembly, and a second winding assembly, the first winding assembly comprising first windings, and the second winding assembly comprising at least one second winding. The rotor assembly includes a rotor core and rotor poles with permanent magnets. The current-supply arrangement is configured to energize the first winding assembly in a first operating state, thereby generating a torque on the rotor assembly. In a second operating state, the current-supply arrangement is configured to energize the second winding assembly, thereby changing the magnetization of the permanent magnets of at least one rotor pole. Providing different winding arrangements allows the respective winding arrangement to be adapted to its specific task. According to a preferred embodiment, the stator core has slots, with the first windings extending through the slots. This allows for a compact design. According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one second winding extends through at least a portion of the slots. This allows for the slots to be used twice. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one of the first windings and at least one second winding extend through at least a portion of the slots. The slots are thus used twice. According to a preferred embodiment, the slots comprise first slots and second slots, wherein at least one first winding but no second winding passes through the first slots, and wherein at least one first winding and at least one second winding pass through the second slots, the first slots being at least partially smaller than the second slots. Since the first slots are smaller, an unnecessarily large area of magnetically non-conductive material such as air is not generated, and efficiency is improved. According to a preferred embodiment, through-holes are provided in the stator core through which the second winding arrangement extends, the through-holes being spaced apart from the slots. This reduces mutual interference between the winding arrangements. According to a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnets comprise at least one magnetic material from a group of magnetic materials consisting of: - Aluminum-nickel-cobalt, and - Iron nitride. These magnetic materials can be easily remagnetized and allow for high efficiency. According to a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnets have at least one magnetic material with a magnetic coercive field strength which is smaller than at least one limiting coercive field strength from a group consisting of: - 400,000 A/m, - 300,000 A/m, - 250,000 A/m, - 200,000 A/m, - 150,000 A/m, and - 100,000 A/m. These are advantageous values for the desired application. According to a preferred embodiment, the electric machine has a rotor position sensor for generating a first signal characterizing the rotor position of the rotor assembly, wherein the current supply arrangement is configured to perform the current supply depending on the first signal in both the first and second operating states. This dual use saves installation space and increases accuracy. According to a preferred embodiment, the current-energizing arrangement is configured to enable a first rotor state and a second rotor state in the second operating state by remagnetizing at least some of the permanent magnets. In the first rotor state, each rotor pole is magnetized in the opposite direction to its neighboring rotor poles, and the rotor arrangement thus has a first number of poles. In the second rotor state, two neighboring rotor poles are alternately magnetized in a first direction, and then two neighboring rotor poles are magnetized in a second direction opposite to the first, and the rotor arrangement thus has a second number of poles. The first number of poles is twice the second number of poles. This allows the most efficient or suitable rotor state to be selected. According to a preferred embodiment, the current supply arrangement is configured to enable a third rotor state in the second operating state by demagnetizing at least some of the permanent magnets, wherein at leas