DE-202026000879-U1 - Small animal guidance system for ground-based small animals

DE202026000879U1DE 202026000879 U1DE202026000879 U1DE 202026000879U1DE-202026000879-U1

Abstract

Small animal guidance system for ground-dwelling small animals, comprising a traffic route VW (2) of a two-way ramp culvert ZRD (7) crossing under it, which extends along a culvert section for receiving and guiding small animals migrating towards it, in particular amphibians, characterized in that on at least one side of the traffic route (2) in the area in front of the culvert (7) a demarcated, bundling and guiding bundling quarter BQ (4) is arranged and formed on a main crossing axis HQA (3), which defines a central path oriented towards the culvert ZRD (7) at a distance (A) between the bundling quarter (4) and the culvert ZRD (7).

Assignees

STAMER HANS HEINRICH

Dates

Publication Date: 20260513
Application Date: 20260227
Priority Date: 20260227

Claims (18)

Small animal guidance system for ground-dwelling small animals, comprising a traffic route VW (2) of a two-way ramp culvert ZRD (7) crossing under it, which extends along a culvert section for receiving and guiding small animals migrating towards it, in particular amphibians, characterized in that on at least one side of the traffic route (2) in the area in front of the culvert (7) a demarcated, bundling and guiding bundling quarter BQ (4) is arranged and formed on a main crossing axis HQA (3), which defines a central path oriented towards the culvert ZRD (7) at a distance (A) between the bundling quarter (4) and the culvert ZRD (7).
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the bundling quarter BQ (4) on the migration side is equipped with a predator barrier fence PSZ (5) as a protective enclosure with anti-climb protection ÜKS (29), which blocks access by predators endangering the small animals, but is permeable to small animals.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the protective enclosure (5) is designed with separately demarcated passage areas that form different access areas for the small animals into the bundling quarters (4).
Small animal guidance system according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the bundling quarter BQ (4) is formed by a soil pit filled with organic materials (31) in the ground.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the filling material (31) is formed by at least one type of material from the group consisting of natural wood, natural waste material, subsoil and topsoil of local origin.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the filling material (31) is formed by at least two uncompacted layers of different types of material which are layered adjacent to each other.
Small animal guidance system according to one of the Claims 4 until 6 , characterized in that the filling material (31) comprises at least one top-bounding cover layer which has a layer thickness of several decimeters.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the material of the cover soil (31) is formed from soil excavated from the constructed soil pit.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 7 or 8 , characterized in that a cover floor (31) consists of a subfloor which is preferably up to 50 cm thick.
Small animal guidance system according to one of the Claims 7 until 9 , characterized in that a cover layer (31) is topsoil which is at least 25 cm thick.
Small animal guidance system according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 , characterized in that a bundling quarter is arranged on both sides of the traffic route VW (2), wherein the pond bundling quarter TBQ (8) is arranged on the side of the traffic route (2) on which amphibians migrate after spawning from at least one spawning water (10), wherein the pond bundling quarter TBQ (8) is arranged and set up on the associated main crossing axis HQA (3) at a short distance from the traffic route VW (2) in order to achieve bundling and directing the migration.
Small animal guidance system according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that a said bundling quarter (8) is arranged on both sides of the traffic route (2), wherein one bundling quarter is arranged as a migration quarter on the side of the traffic route VW (2) on which amphibians migrate after spawning from at least one spawning area (10), wherein a pond bundling quarter TBQ (8) is arranged and set up on the associated main crossing axis HQA (3) at a short distance from the traffic route VW (2) for the purpose of bundling and directing the migration by being formed by a wetland with a centrally located, year-round unshaded shallow water zone.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 12 , characterized in that the shallow water zone has an area of at least 10 sq m and a water depth of at least 50 cm for year-round water retention.
Small animal guidance system according to one of the Claims 1 until 13 , characterized in that at least one spawning water (10) is present or arranged on both sides of the traffic route VW (3), wherein at least one bundling quarter ABQ is located on both sides of the traffic route VW (2) on the main crossing axis HQA (3). (4) and at least one pond cluster quarter TBQ (8) is arranged and set up.
Small animal guidance system for ground-dwelling small animals, comprising a two-way ramp culvert ZRD (7) crossing a traffic route VW (2), which extends along a passage for guiding and directing small animals migrating towards it under the traffic route (2), in particular comprising at least one bundling quarters (4), (8) according to one of the Claims 1 until 14 , characterized in that the passage (7) is designed as a two-way ramp passage (7) which includes passage tracks (21), (22) extending in opposite longitudinal directions for the counter-rotating, collision-free passage of small animals.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 15 , characterized in that passage lanes are formed into oppositely extending exit lanes (22) and entry lanes (23) using lane guide walls (18) with an effective protection height of 20 cm in the passage.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 16 , characterized in that the exit lanes (22) and entry lanes (23) are formed by lane guide walls (18), wherein the entry lanes (23) lead laterally along a passage wall (37) into the passage (7) with a clear height H and a clear width B in passage portals (11) on both sides, these lanes each cross each other at different heights in a two-way switch (19) in the center of the passage and merge to form an exit lane (22) of varying width, wherein one direction is provided as the main lane (20) and the other direction as the bridge lane (21), with a bridge lane height h (40) of at least 10 cm, wherein the exit lanes (22) are designed in the center corresponding to the passage portal (11) as a wedge-shaped discharge ramp (35) for releasing small animals such that an outer A wedge-shaped edge is formed to repel small animals ready to migrate in.
Small animal guidance system according to Claim 16 or 17 , characterized in that the two exit lanes AS (22) each have at least one drainage outlet DA (25) formed on the bottom side for moistening the small animal running surfaces (22), which are connected to a drain inlet DZ (26) of a shoulder of the traffic route VW (2) for supply from rainwater.

Description

The invention relates to a small animal guidance system for ground-dwelling small animals, in particular amphibians and reptiles, for crossing under roads. The crossing consists of a culvert whose length encompasses the entire width of the road, including the road shoulders, for receiving and guiding all migrating small animal species. Culverts of the type in question are structures in the form of small tunnels with a rectangular cross-section. The clear cross-section of the culvert is typically on the order of at least W/H = 1.0 m x 1.0 m. 2. Technical field The present invention relates to all ground-dwelling small animals, in particular all amphibian and reptile species, small mammals, and ground beetles. These groups of small animal species depend on protected, interconnected, and diverse landscape features with winter habitats, spawning waters, and summer habitats. Road construction and road traffic, in particular, fragment and increasingly isolate these habitats, with the consequence that migrating animals of a population are killed in large numbers on transport routes, especially on heavily and rapidly trafficked roads and railways, and are thus unable to reproduce. For this reason, even with moderate traffic volume, countless populations eventually become extinct after just a few years. 3. State of the art Countless populations of amphibians and other small animal species are threatened with extinction or have become extinct in large areas of the landscape, partly because very few and only minimally effective small animal guidance systems have been built. The “animal tunnel with side entrance ramps as a biotope network passage in transport routes”, utility model no. 201 00 249.3 The utility model, certified on June 7, 2001, was designed and supervised by the utility model holder between 2001 and 2006 for seven municipal clients, comprising a total of 37 amphibian and small animal crossings within amphibian and small animal guidance systems (AKLA). This included the "Amphibian and Small Animal Guidance System" (AKLA) on the K 28 road at the Holmer Ponds, in the town of Buchholz in der Nordheide. This system was expertly assessed for functionality and crossing efficiency and received a high efficiency rating of 77%. As part of the "BASt Research Program for Road Engineering FE 02.263/2005/LRB," the "Acceptance of Small Animal Crossings - Influence of Footprint and Microclimate on Successful Crossing" was examined and evaluated at sixteen small animal crossings selected nationwide. The AKLA K28 crossing at Holmer Teicher clearly emerged as the best guidance system with a passage efficiency of 77%. A stilt tunnel on Bruchstraße in Duingen followed in second place with a passage efficiency of 59%. A few other crossings were rated at around 10% efficiency; the remaining crossings, mostly classified as "Other," were not specified. The poor conductivity and functionality of the vast majority of existing culverts is due to the unforeseen and consequently disregarded animating guiding functions. The culverts, which often end bluntly on both sides, do not provide these conditions, rendering them completely useless for habitat connectivity and reproduction. Rather, culverts require special structural designs that are so stimulating for all amphibian and reptile species that they spontaneously migrate into the culvert and thus quickly reach their intended destination. The entrance and exit components of the culverts determine whether amphibians and other ground-dwelling small animals enter and migrate through them or not. 4. Object of the invention The problem lies in the fragmentation of habitats caused by roads and the vehicles and trains that travel on them. According to the "Red List of Schleswig-Holstein," the causes of this endangerment, besides conventional agriculture, are road fatalities, both of roughly equal importance. The fragmentation cannot be adequately addressed or even mitigated by the few existing underpasses, which are largely ineffective. Amphibian and small animal conservation along roads lacks, among other things, a professionally designed, effective system of structures and suitable component designs with key guiding functions to achieve high passage efficiency. The object of the invention is to design highly effective and very cost-effective small animal guidance systems and to erect them, in particular, in intersecting roads within biotope networks, in order to This is to prevent the extinction of amphibian and other small animal populations. The already widespread fragmentation of small animal habitats threatens an increasing genetic impoverishment of endangered species, which ultimately leads to the extinction of the population due to a lack of genetic renewal. More than ever before, it is urgently necessary to restore the connectivity of habitat networks for all ground-dwelling small animal species, especially in areas where roads intersect. Highly efficient small animal guidance sys