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EP-3839165-B1 - MULTILAYER PANEL FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION

EP3839165B1EP 3839165 B1EP3839165 B1EP 3839165B1EP-3839165-B1

Inventors

  • ESTEVES DE SOUSA FANGUEIRO, RAUL MANUEL
  • MACEDO DA CUNHA, Fernando Eduardo
  • Costa Mota, Carlos Miguel
  • Pinheiro Pires Leite, Fernando Luís

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20201217

Claims (13)

  1. Multilayer panel for civil construction successively comprising: a first composite-layer structure (1,2) obtained from fibers and thermosetting polymer matrix; a second polymer foam layer (3); a third concrete layer (4); wherein the composite-layer structure (1, 2) comprises a lower face from which two outer side faces (2) extend therefrom configured to receive between them the polymer foam layer (3) and the concrete layer (4) , characterised in that one or more inner side faces (1) extend from the lower face of the composite layer structure (1, 2) through the polymer foam layer (3) to a predetermined thickness of the concrete layer (4); wherein the plurality of side faces comprises at the end thereof, a "T" shaped structure (5) to anchor the concrete layer (4) to the other layers of the multilayer panel, and wherein the "T" shaped structure at the end of the side faces, (5) is arranged so that when the concrete layer (4) is subjected to a compressive load, the composite is subjected to a tensile load.
  2. Multilayer panel according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer foam layer (3) is divided into foam cores separated by one or more inner side faces (1).
  3. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite-layer structure comprises a ratio of 65% to 75% (w/w) fibers to 25% to 35% (w/w) thermosetting polymer matrix.
  4. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite-layer structure comprises a ratio of 70% (w/w) fibers and 30% (w/w) thermosetting polymer matrix.
  5. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibers of the composite-layer structure are glass fibers and are in the form of a web or fabric with unidirectional or bidirectional orientation.
  6. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the glass fibers are selected from fiber E-glass, ECR-glass, D-glass, S-glass, AE-glass, C-glass, A-glass, Z-glass or mixtures thereof.
  7. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lower face and the two outer side faces (2) of the composite-layer structure (1, 2) comprise at least two E-glass fiber layers in the form of a web and two E-glass fiber layers in fabric with unidirectional orientation.
  8. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more inner side faces (1) of the composite-layer structure (1, 2) comprise at least three E-glass fiber layers in fabric with unidirectional orientation and one E-glass fiber layer in the form of a web.
  9. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermosetting polymer matrix is an epoxy-, polyester-, or vinyl ester-based resin.
  10. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer foam layer (3) is selected from polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane or mixtures thereof, preferably polyurethane.
  11. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the "T" structure (5) comprises a thickness between 1 and 2 mm and a width between 17 and 24 mm.
  12. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the lower face and the two outer side faces (2) of the composite-layer structure is 1.5 mm and the thickness of the inner side faces (1) of the composite-layer structure is 1.3 mm.
  13. Multilayer panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the polymer foam layer (3) is 160 to 180 mm and the thickness of the concrete layer (4) is 50 to 70 mm.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a multilayer panel, the construction material of which comprises a composite formed by at least two types of glass fiber impregnated with a thermosetting polymer matrix, a polymer foam core and a concrete layer. More specifically, said multilayer panel is intended for use in civil construction. BACKGROUND Concrete, an indispensable material in civil construction industry, is in itself a material of high durability. However, many structures having concrete in their composition, such as bridges, roads and buildings, are deteriorating and collapsing over time. In addition to degradation resulting from the useful life of the material, from its exposure to the environment, where it is susceptible to external factors, as well as aggressive actions, degradation is also associated with the reinforcement elements in iron-based material located inside the concrete in constructions. Particularly, steel elements. The disadvantage of concrete structures provided with such elements, consists of the reduced durability of such elements due to the unchanged oxidation property of iron, which consequently is also reflected in the durability of the structures where it is used. As these elements are found inside the structure, it is difficult to detect damages at an early stage, which results in the late detection of the problem, thus representing high repair costs. In addition to durability, another disadvantage of iron-based elements is that they are quite heavy, making the final structure very heavy, thus hampering the transport and installation thereof. Taking these disadvantages into consideration, glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are normally used. These composites present solutions that meet the requirements demanded by the industry, that is, sustainable and optimized constructions for high performance and efficiency, considering as parameters, for example, lightness, greater durability to corrosion factors and mechanical properties similar to those of conventional structures, that is, those made of concrete with iron-based reinforcement elements. As an example, the following documents are cited: CN 108 774 932 (A) refers to a type of road pavement resistant to corrosion, as well as a method of paving. The corrosion resistant road pavement, as disclosed in said document, has a multi-cavity structure made of composite material, including the upper panel, the lower panel, the reinforcement rib, the pins and the ends of the housing. The composite material is formed by polyurethane resin reinforced with glass fiber. This type of pavement has as its main limitation the fact that the composite materials perform poorly when subjected to compression loads. Multicellular panels are also disclosed in the document entitled "Structural behavior in flexure of multicellular pultruded GFRP panels applied to pedestrian bridge decks". This document proposes a study on multicellular glass fiber reinforced plastic panels (GFRP), produced by pultrusion. The panel under analysis consists of a polymer matrix of isophthalic polyester, reinforced with E-type glass fiber (E-glass is known as electric glass, since it is a good electricity insulator), in the form of rovings and multidirectional woven webs. These slab elements have a cellular cross section consisting of seven foams wrapped by 4 mm thick GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers) laminates with an increase to 5 mm in the flange connections (face of the composite) - core (foam) and in the end flaps corresponding to the fit between the various panels. The major limitation of this solution is due to the fact that there is a delamination (separation) between the composite upper face, which is subject to compression loads, and the upper face of the foam core. This delamination phenomenon always occurs at low loads due to the weak bonding strength between the adhesive binding the composite and the foam, and the low compression performance of the GFR face. Document "Flexural Behaviors of Concrete/EPS-Foam/Glass-Fiber Composite Sandwich Panel" refers to a multilayer structural panel using a composite material on the lower face, a foam in the core, a mesh of steel rods (between the foam and the concrete) and a concrete layer on the upper face of the structure. However, one of the limitations of this solution comes from the fact that the panel was developed through the deposition of layers of different materials, without a mechanical anchoring between them. This situation implies that the different layers of the panel will not work in a solidary way, thus the panel will not withstand high loads which will lead to its structural failure. In order to address this problem, a mesh of steel rods was placed to reinforce the structure, causing an increase in the mechanical properties of the panel. However, the use of steel rods again poses the problem regarding corrosion by atmospheric factors, which will result in the degradation of the product,