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EP-4039777-B1 - ORGANIC MATTER GASIFICATION SYSTEM, AND CARBONIZATION FURNACE AND GASIFICATION FURNACE USED THEREFOR

EP4039777B1EP 4039777 B1EP4039777 B1EP 4039777B1EP-4039777-B1

Inventors

  • SAKAMOTO, KAJIRO

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20200928

Claims (15)

  1. An organic material gasification system (10) comprising: a carbonization furnace (20, 20a, 20b) to generate a carbide when an organic material is input to the carbonization furnace (20, 20a, 20b); and a gasification furnace (50) to gasify an input carbide, the gasification furnace comprising: a tubular main body portion (52a, 52b) including an internal space (55a, 55b); a heating unit (56a, 56b) made of a material having a high thermal conductivity and/or a high heat storage property, penetrating through a central portion of the internal space of the tubular main body portion in a length direction, and including a flow path where high-temperature gas passes; said internal space (55a, 55b) serving as reactors or reaction units (55a, 55b) and surrounding the heating units, where the carbide generated by the carbonization furnace (20, 20a, 20b) and a gasifying agent are input, and the heating unit (56a, 56b) to heat the reactor (55a, 55b), to gasify the input carbide; a raw material supply unit (40) provided upstream of the reaction unit (55a, 55b) to input the carbide and a gasifying agent to the reaction unit (55a, 55b); and a gas extraction port (61) provided on a downstream side of the reaction unit to extract gas generated by the reaction unit, wherein the carbonization furnace (20, 20a, 20b) includes an organic material combustion region (A1) where a part of the organic material (C1) is combusted to maintain a temperature of the carbonization furnace (20, 20a, 20b) at a high temperature of 800°C or higher, and a carbonization region (A2) where the organic material is carbonized, and a steam supply unit where high-temperature steam is radiated to the organic material in the organic material combustion region (A1) wherein the high-temperature steam is superheated steam of 800°C or higher, wherein the raw material supply unit (40) includes a carbide supply unit (41) and a pulverizing unit (42) pulverizing and micronizing the carbide (C2) to 300 µm or less, preferably 100 µm or less, and more preferably 50 µm, to supply a predetermined amount of the finely pulverized carbide (C3), and a spray input unit to mix the carbide (C3) and the gasifying agent, and to spray and input the carbide (C3) and the gasifying agent to the reactor (55a, 55b).
  2. The organic material gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization furnace further includes an exhaust gas combustion region where flammable gas generated in the organic material combustion region and in the carbonization region is combusted, and an exhaust gas discharge portion to discharge high-temperature exhaust gas having a temperature of higher than 1,000°C and generated by the combustion of the flammable gas, and the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from an inside of the carbonization furnace is supplied to the heating unit of the gasification furnace.
  3. The organic material gasification system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gasification furnace includes the heating unit penetrating through an inside of the reactor, and the high-temperature exhaust gas having a temperature of higher than 1,000°C and supplied from the carbonization furnace passes through the heating unit.
  4. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the carbonization furnace includes a first air supply mechanism to supply combustion air to the organic material combustion region, and the first air supply mechanism has a heating space formed by a first outer peripheral wall surrounding at least a part of the organic material combustion region of the carbonization furnace from an outside, a first frame body portion forming an inner wall of the carbonization furnace on an organic material combustion region side of the heating space includes at least one through-hole, and the combustion air is supplied to the heating space, and is supplied to the organic material combustion region via the through-hole.
  5. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first frame body portion of the carbonization furnace has heat resistance and a thermal conductive property.
  6. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first frame body portion of the carbonization furnace also has a heat storage property.
  7. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the steam supply unit of the carbonization furnace supplies the high-temperature steam to the heating space of the first air supply mechanism, and the high-temperature steam is radiated to the organic material combustion region via the through-hole.
  8. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the steam supply unit of the carbonization furnace is a tubular body having a good thermal conductive property and being installed in the heating space, steam supplied from an outside is heated when passing through an inside of the tubular body, and the heated steam is radiated to the heating space from a tip of the tubular body.
  9. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the carbonization furnace further includes a second air supply mechanism to combust flammable gas in an exhaust gas combustion region, the flammable gas being generated by combustion and carbonization of the organic material in the organic material combustion region and by radiation of the high-temperature steam to the organic material, and an exhaust gas discharge portion to discharge the flammable gas in the exhaust gas combustion region as high-temperature exhaust gas having a temperature of higher than 1,000°C .
  10. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second air supply mechanism of the carbonization furnace has a heating space formed by a second outer peripheral wall surrounding at least a part of the organic material combustion region of the carbonization furnace from an outside, a second frame body portion forming an inner wall of the carbonization furnace on an exhaust gas combustion region side of the heating space includes at least one through-hole, combustion air is supplied to the heating space, and heated combustion air is supplied to the organic material combustion region via the through-hole.
  11. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the steam supply unit of the carbonization furnace includes a steam chamber provided above the exhaust gas combustion region to generate high-temperature steam, and a steam supply pipe to convey the steam of the steam chamber to the organic material combustion region via the exhaust gas combustion region while additionally heating the steam, and to radiate the high-temperature steam to the organic material combustion region.
  12. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a temperature sensor of the carbonization furnace is provided in the vicinity of the exhaust gas combustion region, and when a temperature of the temperature sensor is lower than a first temperature set in advance, control is performed such that a supply amount of second combustion air to be supplied from the second air supply unit is increased and the flammable gas is combusted to cause a temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region to be higher than the first temperature.
  13. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein high-temperature superheated steam of the gasification furnace is supplied as the gasifying agent.
  14. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a negative pressure is applied to the reaction unit of the gasification furnace from the raw material input unit toward the gas extraction port.
  15. The organic material gasification system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the heating unit of the gasification furnace includes a plurality of projections and recesses to increase an area of contact with the reaction unit, in a surface of an outer wall and/or an inner wall of the heating unit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an organic material gasification system that gasifies the organic material such as biomass using a carbonization furnace that carbonizes an organic material such as biomass or plastic (particularly, organic waste) to generate a carbide, and a gasification furnace that efficiently generates hydrogen and other various gases from the carbide, and to generate electricity or energy such as hydrogen gas or ethanol. BACKGROUND ART In order to protect the natural environment and maintain the limited nature, the reuse of useful resources such as organic waste from animals, plants, and the like in the natural world and organic waste from a raw material such as petroleum has been underway in various fields. For example, a system that carbonizes biomass to extract various gases from a carbide of the biomass, a biomass power generation system that generates electricity using water gas extracted in such a manner, or the like is one example of the reuse. In addition, organic waste such as plastic, chemical fibers, or films generated from crude oil is also a cause of various environmental pollutions, and a system capable of effectively using organic waste such as plastic is also desired. An organic material such as biomass or plastic can be gasified and converted into a useful substance such as hydrogen gas or ethanol that can be used as energy. In addition, gasified generated gas can be effectively used as fuel to generate electricity. Therefore, a system that extracts a useful substance from such organic waste and converts the substance into gas, electric energy, or the like effectively uses organic waste that has been treated as waste in the related art, and significantly contributes to the construction of a recycling society. As such a system, a biomass carbonization system (Patent Document 1) that generates water gas by carbonizing an organic material and generates electricity using the water gas, a biomass power generation system (Patent Document 2), or the like has been proposed. US 2017/348741 A1 refers to a carbonizing furnace for providing combustible gas generated by combustion of organic waste. Further it refers to a pyrolytic furnace in which heating gas can be suppressed from outflowing to the outside from a gap between the upper surface of the body part of the pyrolytic furnace and the outer circumferential surface of a reaction tube where a pyrolysis reaction between carbide and a gasification agent is caused, and in which the temperature of a region where the pyrolysis reaction is caused can be suppressed from being reduced. US 2015/151153 A1 refers to a recycling disposal system, the system combining the respective devices of a shredder, a carbonization furnace, and a gasification furnace to provide a system combining low-temperature asbestos detoxification processing technology with biomass processing and recycling technology, and capable of energy-self-sufficient processing when operated in a disaster area. CITATION LIST PATENT DOCUMENT Patent Document 1: WO 2016/04371 APatent Document 2: JP 2017-132676 APatent Document 3: US 2017/348741 A1Patent Document 4: US 2015/151153 A1 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION In the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a carbonization furnace and a gasification furnace are separated from each other, an organic material such as wood (biomass) is carbonized by the carbonization furnace, and the gasification furnace generates water gas from a carbide generated in the carbonization furnace. A heat storage tank having a cylindrical shape is provided inside the carbonization furnace, and the biomass that is a raw material is input from an upper portion of the carbonization furnace. In order to raise temperature inside the carbonization furnace to high temperature, a part of the biomass input to a combustion region is combusted. A region below the combustion region is a carbonization region, and is maintained in a state where the temperature is high and oxygen is deficient (hereinafter, referred to as an "oxygen deficient state") without oxygen supplied. The remaining biomass is carbonized in the carbonization region. In the carbonization furnace for biomass disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the temperature inside the carbonization furnace is maintained at high temperature by combusting a part of the input biomass, and a carbide is generated from the biomass by exposing the biomass to a state where the temperature is a high temperature of approximately 800°C and oxygen is deficient. For this reason, it is desirable that the amount of the biomass to be consumed as fuel is reduced to improve the ratio of the generated carbide to the input organic material (hereinafter, referred to as a carbonization efficiency), the quality of the carbide is improved, and the carbonization speed is raised. In addition, the gasification furnace that generates useful gases such as water gas from the car