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EP-4121710-B1 - HEAT ACCUMULATOR DEVICE

EP4121710B1EP 4121710 B1EP4121710 B1EP 4121710B1EP-4121710-B1

Inventors

  • KRAFT, WERNER
  • VETTER, PETER
  • STAHL, Veronika

Dates

Publication Date
20260513
Application Date
20210310

Claims (15)

  1. Heat-storage apparatus (100) which has a metallic phase-change material as a storage material (10), comprising at least one receiving chamber (12), which has a receiving space (14) for the storage material (10), and an enclosure (16) for the receiving space (14), at least one heat-input device (30) for introducing heat into the at least one receiving chamber (12), and at least one heat-output device (40) for discharging heat from the at least one receiving chamber (12), wherein a coupling region (32), intended for thermal coupling to the storage material (10), of the heat-input device (30) and/or a coupling region (42), intended for thermal coupling to the storage material (10), of the heat-output device (40) is arranged spaced apart at least regionally from the storage material (10), characterized in that the coupling region (32) of the heat-input device (30) and the coupling region (42) of the heat-output device (40) are arranged outside the receiving chamber (14) on a base of the enclosure (16), wherein the coupling region (32, 42) of the heat-input device (30) and/or of the heat-output device (40) is coupled thermally to the storage material (10) via at least one thermal-bridge element (70), wherein the enclosure (16) has the at least one thermal-bridge element (70), or in that the coupling region (32, 42) of the heat-input device (30) and of the heat-output device (40) is arranged in a housing (26), wherein the housing (26) is arranged at least regionally within the receiving chamber (12) and/or the receiving space (14).
  2. Heat-storage apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one thermal-bridge element (70) is arranged on a base plate (20) of the enclosure (16) or is integrated into the base plate (20), or realizes the base plate (20).
  3. Heat-storage apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coupling region (32) of the heat-input device (30) is arranged on a side (22) of the coupling region (42) of the heat-output device (40) that faces away from the enclosure (16), or in that the coupling region (42) of the heat-output device (40) is arranged on a side (22) of the coupling region (32) of the heat-input device (30) that faces away from the enclosure (16).
  4. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , if the coupling region (32, 42) of the heat-input device (30) and of the heat-output device (40) is arranged in a housing (26), wherein the housing (26) is arranged at least regionally within the receiving chamber (12) and/or the receiving space (14), in the housing (26), there is arranged a central element (46) of the heat-output device (40), in particular a central tube (52) thereof, and, spaced apart from the element (46), there are arranged elements (36) of the heat-input device (30), wherein in particular the elements (36) of the heat-input device (30) are arranged mirror-symmetrically or rotationally symmetrically with respect to the element (46).
  5. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , if the coupling region (32, 42) of the heat-input device (30) and of the heat-output device (40) is arranged in a housing (26), wherein the housing (26) is arranged at least regionally within the receiving chamber (12) and/or the receiving space (14), in the housing (26), there is arranged centrally an element (36) of the heat-input device (30) and, spaced from said element (36), there are positioned a plurality of elements (46) of the heat-output device (40), in particular tubes (52) thereof, wherein in particular the elements (46) of the heat-output device (40) are arranged mirror-symmetrically or rotationally symmetrically with respect to the element (36) of the heat-input device (30).
  6. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-input device (30) has at least one element (36) with the coupling region (32) having at least one of the configurations: the coupling region (32) comprises substantially an entire length of the element (36) in the receiving space (14) and/or an entire periphery of the element (36) and/or an entire periphery of the element (36) in the receiving space (14); the coupling region (32) extends over at least 50%, in particular over at least 60%, of an entire height of the receiving space (14); the element (36) or the coupling region (32) of the element (36) is spaced apart from the enclosure (16) and, in particular, one end of the element (36) is spaced apart from a cover (28) and/or a base of the enclosure (16); the element (36) or the coupling region (32) of the element (36) is oriented parallel to an element (46) of the heat-output device (40); the element (36) or the coupling region (32) of the element (36) is oriented parallel to a vertical axis (L) or an axis of symmetry of the receiving space (14); the element (36) or the coupling region (32) of the element (36) is arranged centrally in the receiving space (14) and is situated in particular at an axis of symmetry of the receiving space (14).
  7. Heat-storage apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that the at least one element (36) is arranged at an angle, in particular perpendicularly, to an orientation of the at least one heat-output device (40) and/or, in the intended working state, parallel to a direction of gravitational force (S), or in that the at least one element (36) is arranged parallel to an orientation of the at least one heat-output device (40).
  8. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-output device (40) has at least one element (46) with the coupling region (42) having at least one of the configurations: the coupling region (42) comprises substantially an entire length of the element (46) in the receiving space (14) and/or an entire periphery of the element (46) and/or an entire periphery of the element (46) in the receiving space (14); the coupling region (42) extends over at least 50%, in particular over at least 60%, of an entire height of the receiving space (14); the element (46) or the coupling region (42) of the element (46) is spaced apart from the enclosure (16) and, in particular, one end of the element (46) is spaced apart from a cover (28) and/or a base of the enclosure (16) ; the element (46) or the coupling region (42) of the element (46) is oriented parallel to an element (36) of the heat-input device (30); the element (46) or the coupling region (42) of the element (46) is oriented parallel to a vertical axis (L) or an axis of symmetry of the receiving space (14); the element (46) or the coupling region (42) of the element (46) is arranged centrally in the receiving space (14) and is situated in particular at an axis of symmetry of the receiving space (14).
  9. Heat-storage apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the at least one element (46) is in the form of a tube (52).
  10. Heat-storage apparatus according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the at least one element (46) is arranged centrally in the receiving space (14) and is arranged in particular along an axis of symmetry of the receiving space (14).
  11. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-input device (30), in the receiving space (14), at least by way of a portion (38), surrounds the heat-output device (34), in particular surrounds the latter concentrically and/or in a closed manner, in particular is in thermal contact and/or mechanical contact with the heat-output device (40) in the receiving space (14).
  12. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-input device (30) is spaced apart from the heat-output device (40) at least partially in the receiving space (14), wherein storage material (10) is arranged between the heat-input device (30) and the heat-output device (40).
  13. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage material (50) comprises a metallic alloy with one or more of the constituents aluminium, silicon, copper, magnesium, zinc, germanium, in particular an AlSi alloy, preferably AlSi 12 .
  14. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-input device (30) has at least one heating device (34), in particular wherein the heating device (34) has an electric resistance heater or inductive heater.
  15. Heat-storage apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-output device (40) comprises or is connected to at least one tube (52) through which a heat-transfer medium (58) flows.

Description

State of the art The invention relates to a heat storage device with a metallic phase change material as the storage material. The use of thermal energy storage systems based on metallic phase-change materials is known from the literature. These are predominantly used in solar thermal power plants. Further applications include storage heaters for building heating, conventional steam power plants (coal-fired power plants, nuclear power plants), catalytic converters for internal combustion engine vehicles, thermoelectric generators in internal combustion engine vehicles, and heat recovery in steel production. Typically, the concepts presented in the literature involve experimental setups on a laboratory scale. Applications in vehicles, particularly battery-electric buses and cars, have also been described. From the EP 3 002 528 A1 A heat storage device and a method for operating a heat storage device are known, the latter having the features of the preamble of claim 1. The heat storage device comprises an enclosure containing a metallic heat storage medium, a heat exchanger, and an electric heating element. During operation, the electric heating element heats the heat storage medium. Receiving tubes are arranged within the enclosure and surrounded by the heat storage medium. The electric heating element is located within these receiving tubes. The heat exchanger comprises tubes through which a heat transfer fluid flows, absorbing heat from the heat storage medium. The heat exchanger is arranged on the underside of the enclosure. Additionally, the heat exchanger can be arranged laterally on the enclosure. From the WO 2011 031 894 A2 A heat storage device with a metallic storage medium is known. The heat storage device comprises an enclosure in which a metallic heat storage medium is arranged. First end sections of metal rods project into the enclosure. The second end sections of the metal rods project out of the enclosure. The end section projecting out of the enclosure extends into a channel in which a fluid flows, so that the fluid is thermally coupled to the storage medium in the enclosure via the metal rods. First metal rods project into a channel containing a heated fluid. Second metal rods project into a channel containing a cool fluid. Thus, the first metal rods transfer thermal energy into the storage medium, and the second metal rods transfer thermal energy out of the storage medium. From the WO 2012 123853 A1 A thermal storage device for storing thermal energy at elevated temperatures is known. The device comprises an enclosure for holding a thermal metallic storage medium; primary heat transfer surfaces for transferring heat from a circulating heat transfer fluid; and secondary heat transfer surfaces for transferring heat from the thermal storage medium to steam pipes. The thermal storage medium is arranged between the primary and secondary heat transfer surfaces. From the US 2011/083436 A1 A device is known which comprises a safety container, a heat absorption area, and a heat transfer area. Heat can be introduced into the safety container via the base through the heat transfer areas. Heat can be dissipated from the safety container via the heat absorption areas located inside the safety container. Alternatively, the heat transfer and heat absorption areas can be arranged inside the safety container. Disclosure of the invention The object of the invention is to provide a heat storage device with a metallic phase change material as storage material, which enables effective heat storage with effective heat input and effective heat output. The problem is solved by the features of the independent claim. Favorable embodiments and advantages of the invention become apparent from the further claims, the description, and the drawing. A heat storage device with a metallic phase change material as storage material is proposed, comprising at least one receiving chamber with a receiving space for the storage material and an enclosure for the receiving space, at least one heat input device for inputting heat into the at least one receiving chamber, and at least one heat discharge device for discharged heat from the at least one receiving chamber. According to the invention, a coupling area of the heat input device provided for thermal coupling with the storage material and/or a coupling area of the heat discharge device provided for thermal coupling with the storage material is arranged at least partially spaced apart from the storage material. Furthermore, the coupling area of the heat input device and the coupling area of the heat output device are arranged outside the receiving space on a floor of the enclosure, wherein the coupling area of the heat input device and/or the heat output device is thermally coupled to the storage material via at least one thermal bridge element, wherein the enclosure has the at least one thermal bridge element. Alternatively, the coupling area of the heat input device and the h